Plants And Pollinators托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案
2024-04-06 09:14:51 來源：中國教育在線
Plants And Pollinators托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案
一、Plants And Pollinators托福聽力原文：
NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a botany class.FEMALE PROFESSOR:When we talk about pollination ecology,we are talking about the relationship between a plant and its pollinator.From the plants'perspective,the ideal pollinator is an animal that is under-fed,ready to eat and in a hurry.The pollinator,on the other hand,wants to remain well-fed with as little effort as possible.
These factors help drive the evolution of plants and their pollinators,both of which depend on this balanced and delicate relationship.Sometimes only certain insects or birds can pollinate certain plant species.So to really understand pollination ecology,both the flower and its pollinators must be studied.Let's start with flowers.There are several important factors associated with pollination:when and how often a plan flowers,how long the flowering cycle lasts,and the number of flowers that open at the same time.For example,flowering may coincide with the migration of a certain animal species that pollinates the plant,or producing many flowers at once may increase the number of pollinators a plant attracts.Other characteristics of flowers are also important.Features such as color,scent and shape attract pollinators,as does the reward in the flower,the pollen or the nectar,that feeds the pollinator.For example,flowers that attract bats tend to be green or cream-colored,because visibility is important.Bats are practically blind,remember.And these flowers bloom at night when bats are active.
Now,there's a flower in the Amazon rainforest called a royal water lily and the characteristics of its flowers change during the pollination process.The royal water lily uses color,temperature and scent to attract the beetles that pollinate it.When the flowers of the royal water lily first open up,when they first bloom,they are white.They also emit a strong odor and their temperature rises.Producing heat serves two purposes.
It magnifies the scent of the flower and it helps the beetles maintain their body temperature.When a beetle arrives at the flower,the flower closes around it for about 24 hours so that the beetle becomes covered with pollen.Then when the flower opens,its color changes to red and it cools down.When the beetle flies out,it carries the pollen to a different,heated,white,fragrant flower.As you can see,plants go to a lot of trouble to attract attention.So what kind of attention are they attracting?And why?Well,sometimes flowers provide shelter for insects,a place to lay eggs for instance.
But usually the attraction is food:nectar and pollen.Nectar is mainly a sugar solution,while pollen is a grain made up of part of the plant's cell structure.In both nectar and pollen production,quality and quantity vary over time.But they are always related to the needs of the pollinator.You can see that the relationship between pollinators and plants are delicate,so any number of factors can disturb them.Human development is one.And agriculture is generally believed to be the most harmful.
It can fragment habitats in a variety of ways,reducing the number of pollinators,which in turn may reduce the number or size of the flowers,which of course affects the animals that feed on them.Exotic plant species not native to the area can move in and compete.Even bees brought in to pollinate crops can alter natural pollen dispersal systems of rainforest plants.
On the other hand,recent studies have shown that the disruption of one aspect of the pollination cycle doesn't usually lead to the extinction of other species.It turns out that plant-pollinator relationships are more adaptable to change than we thought.So really it is hard to know just how agriculture affects the pollination of plants.
二、Plants And Pollinators托福聽力中文翻譯：
旁白：聽植物學課上的部分講座。女教授：當我們談論傳粉生態(tài)學時，我們談論的是植物與其傳粉者之間的關系。從植物的角度來看，理想的傳粉者是一種食物不足、隨時可以食用且匆忙的動物。另一方面，傳粉者希望盡可能少的努力保持良好的食物。
這些因素有助于推動植物及其傳粉者的進化，兩者都依賴于這種平衡而微妙的關系。有時只有某些昆蟲或鳥類才能為某些植物物種授粉。因此，要真正了解授粉生態(tài)學，必須研究花朵及其傳粉者。讓我們從花開始。有幾個重要的因素與授粉有關：計劃何時開花、多久開花一次、開花周期持續(xù)多久以及同時開放的花朵數(shù)量。例如，開花可能與為植物授粉的某些動物物種的遷移同時發(fā)生，或者一次開出許多花可能會增加植物吸引的授粉者數(shù)量?；ǖ钠渌卣饕埠苤匾?。顏色、氣味和形狀等特征吸引著傳粉者，花朵、花粉或花蜜為傳粉者提供食物也是如此。例如，吸引蝙蝠的花往往是綠色或米色的，因為能見度很重要。記住，蝙蝠實際上是瞎的。這些花在蝙蝠活躍的夜晚開花。
現(xiàn)在，亞馬遜雨林中有一種花叫做皇家睡蓮，它的花在授粉過程中會發(fā)生變化?；始宜徖妙伾囟群蜌馕段秊槠涫诜鄣募紫x。當皇家睡蓮的花第一次開放時，當它們第一次開花時，它們是白色的。它們還散發(fā)出強烈的氣味，溫度升高。產生熱量有兩個目的。
它能放大花的氣味，幫助甲蟲保持體溫。當甲蟲到達花朵時，花朵會在其周圍關閉約24小時，這樣甲蟲就會被花粉覆蓋。然后，當花朵開放時，它的顏色變?yōu)榧t色，并冷卻下來。當甲蟲飛出時，它會把花粉帶到另一種加熱的白色芳香花朵上。正如你所見，植物花了很多力氣來吸引注意力。那么它們吸引了什么樣的關注呢？為什么？嗯，有時花為昆蟲提供庇護所，例如產卵的地方。
但通常吸引人的是食物：花蜜和花粉。花蜜主要是糖溶液，而花粉是由植物細胞結構的一部分組成的顆粒。在花蜜和花粉生產中，質量和數(shù)量隨時間而變化。但它們總是與傳粉者的需求相關。你可以看到傳粉者和植物之間的關系是微妙的，因此任何數(shù)量的因素都可能干擾它們。人類發(fā)展是其中之一。人們普遍認為農業(yè)危害最大。
它可以以多種方式破壞棲息地，減少傳粉者的數(shù)量，進而減少花朵的數(shù)量或大小，這當然會影響以花朵為食的動物。非本地的外來植物物種可以進入并競爭。即使是為農作物授粉的蜜蜂也會改變雨林植物的自然花粉傳播系統(tǒng)。
另一方面，最近的研究表明，授粉周期的一個方面的破壞通常不會導致其他物種的滅絕。事實證明，植物與傳粉者的關系比我們想象的更能適應變化。所以很難知道農業(yè)是如何影響植物授粉的。
三、Plants And Pollinators托福聽力問題：
Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?
A.The effect of agriculture on pollinators
B.Threats to the pollination cycle in tropical rain forests
C.The relationship between plants and their pollinators
D.Various plant species in tropical rain forests that attract pollinators
Q2:2.What does the professor say is the ideal pollinator for a plant?
A.A pollinator that pollinates the plant during the pollinator's migration
B.A pollinator that is hungry and moves quickly
C.A pollinator that feeds on a variety of plants
D.A pollinator that moves slowly from flower to flower
Q3:3.According to the professor,what are some features of a flowering plant that can affect how attractive it is to pollinators?[Click on 2 answers.]
A.The distance between the plants that have open flowers
B.The duration of the plant's flowering cycle
C.The amount of water the plant recently received
D.The number of flowers that bloom at the same time
Q4:4.Why does the professor mention bats?
A.To emphasize that mammals can also be pollinators
B.To help explain the role of flower color in attracting pollinators
C.To suggest that bats are not efficient pollinators
D.To explain why some bats do not benefit from flowers that bloom only at night
Q5:5.According to the lecture,what can be inferred about a royal water lily whose flowers are red?
A.Its flowers have already been pollinated.
B.Beetles are trapped inside of its flowers.
C.Its flowers will soon increase in temperature.
D.Its flowers have just closed.
Q6:6.What is the professor's opinion about the effect of agriculture on pollination ecology?
A.She fears the effect may be more widespread than previously believed.
B.She believes the effect will ultimately prove to be beneficial.
C.She thinks the harmfulness of agriculture may be overstated.
D.She is surprised there is so little research on the subject.
四、Plants And Pollinators托福聽力答案：
A1:正確答案：C
A2:正確答案：B
A3:正確答案：BD
A4:正確答案：B
A5:正確答案：A
A6:正確答案：C
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