the Renaissance gardens托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

the Renaissance gardens托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、the Renaissance gardens 托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.

MALE PROFESSOR: OK. We have been talking about the art and architecture of the Italian Renaissance, from around A.D. 1400 to around A.D. 1600. Last class, we had a look at some of the magnificent palaces and villas built during this time period. And just as class was ending, someone asked about the gardens associated with these palaces and villas. And so I'd like to say a few things about them before we move on.Now, when I say gardens, I don't mean vegetable gardens or simple flower gardens. These were lavishly constructed, finely detailed gardens that covered hundreds of acres, with exotic plants and ornamental statues. And they were just as much a symbol of their owners?social position as their palaces and villas were. Again, what was the inspiration for the Renaissance? Rebecca?FEMALE STUDENT: Classical art and architecture of the ancient Greeks and Romans.MALE PROFESSOR: That's right. As we've said before, the main point of the Renaissance was to revive the genius of the ancient Greeks and Romans, which is why designers of Renaissance gardens designed them as the ancient Romans would have designed them, or at least as they imagined the ancient Romans would have designed them.FEMALE STUDENT: How did they know what ancient Roman gardens look like?

MALE PROFESSOR: Well, they didn't have any pictures. But they did have some very detailed descriptions of ancient Roman villas and their gardens that had been written by famous Roman authors who lived during the height of the Roman Empire. And at least three of those authors, one was a scholar, one was a poet, and one was lawyer, were very authoritative, very reliable sources.

Uh, and interestingly enough, there was another source that didn't describe classical gardens but still became a great influence on Renaissance gardens.It was also written back during the height of the Roman Empire by a mathematician known as Hero of Alexandria.Hero was a Greek....

But he lived in Alexandria, Egypt, which was at the time part of the Roman Empire. Hero compiled descriptions and sketches of seventy some clever little mechanical devices, most of which utilized compressed air to cause water, or in some cases wine, to flow from one place to another, or sometimes to squirt or to make some kind of noise. Yes? John?MALE STUDENT: Could you give an example?MALE PROFESSOR: Well, one of the devices was a sacrificial vessel that was obviously designed for a temple, not for a garden. Anyway, if you drop money into this vessel, water would flow out of it. Well, creative minds in the Renaissance realized that this little device could be nicely repurposed as a nifty little fountain.Designers of Renaissance gardens loved this sort of thing. They loved to incorporate novelties and tricks, things to amuse and impress guests.MALE STUDENT: And that was the purpose? To impress people?MALE PROFESSOR: Sure. As a nobleman or wealthy landowner, one purpose of having a fabulous villa with a fantastic garden was to impress people. It was a way of proving your social position.MALE STUDENT: Oh, OK. You also mentioned tricks?MALE PROFESSOR: Well, for example, some gardens had plaster or marble birds that sang when water flowed through them. Some fountains were designed to squirt people with water.MALE STUDENT: And these things were popular?MALE PROFESSOR: Yes. They may have been the most popular features of the gardens. I mean, flowers and statues can be nice to look at, but these things were a lot more fun. And the more clever the device is, the more famous the garden and the greater prestige the landowner enjoyed. Yes? Rebecca.FEMALE STUDENT: What about mazes? I read that they were a major part of the Renaissance gardens.MALE PROFESSOR: Oh, yes. They certainly were! Mazes or labyrinths, as they're also called, were very common in Renaissance gardens. How that came to be though is a bit of a mystery. Mazes have a long history going back to the ancient Egyptians, but they started appearing in gardens only during the Renaissance, or perhaps just a little bit prior to that.

According to one source, what happened was: in the late 1400s, a highly respected expert published a book on architecture. And readers somehow mistakenly inferred from that book that ancient Romans had mazes in their gardens. So then designers of Renaissance gardens thinking they were following in the footsteps of the ancient Romans...well, guess what they did?

二、the Renaissance gardens 托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在藝術(shù)史課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

男教授：好的。我們一直在談論意大利文藝復興時期的藝術(shù)和建筑，從公元1400年左右到公元1600年左右。上節(jié)課，我們參觀了這一時期建造的一些宏偉的宮殿和別墅。就在下課的時候，有人問起與這些宮殿和別墅相關(guān)的花園。所以在我們繼續(xù)之前，我想對他們說幾句話。現(xiàn)在，當我說花園時，我不是指蔬菜園或簡單的花園。這些花園占地數(shù)百英畝，建筑豪華，細致入微，有奇異的植物和裝飾性雕像。它們也是主人的象征？他們的宮殿和別墅所處的社會地位。再說一遍，文藝復興的靈感是什么？麗貝卡？女學生：古希臘和羅馬的古典藝術(shù)和建筑。男教授：沒錯。正如我們之前所說，文藝復興的主要目的是復興古希臘和古羅馬人的天才，這就是為什么文藝復興花園的設計師會像古羅馬人那樣設計它們，或者至少像他們想象的古羅馬人那樣設計它們。女學生：他們怎么知道古羅馬花園是什么樣子的？

男教授：嗯，他們沒有任何照片。但他們確實有一些關(guān)于古羅馬別墅及其花園的非常詳細的描述，這些描述是由生活在羅馬帝國鼎盛時期的著名羅馬作家所寫的。其中至少有三位作者，一位是學者，一位是詩人，一位是律師，都是非常權(quán)威、非?？煽康馁Y料來源。

嗯，有趣的是，還有另一個來源沒有描述古典園林，但仍然對文藝復興時期的花園產(chǎn)生了巨大影響。在羅馬帝國鼎盛時期，一位被稱為亞歷山大英雄的數(shù)學家也寫下了這封信。英雄是希臘人。。。。

但他住在埃及的亞歷山大，那里當時是羅馬帝國的一部分。Hero編寫了70多個聰明的小型機械裝置的描述和草圖，其中大多數(shù)利用壓縮空氣使水或葡萄酒從一個地方流向另一個地方，有時噴射或發(fā)出某種噪音。對廁所？男學生：你能舉個例子嗎？男教授：嗯，其中一個裝置是一個祭器，顯然是為寺廟設計的，而不是為花園設計的。無論如何，如果你把錢投進這個容器，水就會流出。文藝復興時期的創(chuàng)意人士意識到，這個小裝置可以很好地重新用作一個漂亮的小噴泉。文藝復興時期花園的設計師們喜歡這種東西。他們喜歡把新奇的東西和技巧結(jié)合在一起，以取悅客人，給客人留下深刻印象。男學生：那就是目的？給人留下深刻印象？男教授：當然可以。作為一個貴族或富有的地主，擁有一座擁有夢幻花園的夢幻別墅的目的之一就是給人們留下深刻印象。這是證明你的社會地位的一種方式。男學生：哦，好的。你還提到了技巧？男教授：例如，一些花園里有石膏或大理石，當水流過時，鳥兒會唱歌。一些噴泉被設計用來向人們噴水。男生：這些東西很流行嗎？男教授：是的。它們可能是花園中最受歡迎的特色。我的意思是，花和雕像看起來很漂亮，但這些東西更有趣。這個裝置越聰明，花園就越有名，土地所有者享有的聲譽也就越高。對麗貝卡。女生：那迷宮呢？我讀到他們是文藝復興時期花園的重要組成部分。男教授：哦，是的。他們當然是！迷宮或迷宮，也被稱為迷宮，在文藝復興時期的花園中非常常見。然而，這是如何發(fā)生的，有點神秘。迷宮有著悠久的歷史，可以追溯到古埃及人，但它們只是在文藝復興時期才開始出現(xiàn)在花園中，或許只是在文藝復興之前一點點。

據(jù)一位消息人士透露，所發(fā)生的事情是：在14世紀末，一位備受尊敬的專家出版了一本關(guān)于建筑的書。讀者們不知何故從那本書中錯誤地推斷出古羅馬人的花園里有迷宮。所以文藝復興時期花園的設計師們認為他們在追隨古羅馬人的腳步。。。猜猜他們做了什么？

三、the Renaissance gardens 托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A. The most popular features of ancient Roman gardens

B. The goals of Renaissance garden designers

C. The influence of Renaissance gardens on modern Italian gardensD.

Differences between ancient Greek gardens and ancient Roman gardens

Q2:2.The professor mentions three authors from ancient Rome. What point does the professor make about the three authors?

A. They provided credible descriptions of ancient Roman gardens.

B. They probably exaggerated the beauty of ancient Roman gardens.

C. They probably never owned gardens themselves.

D. They invented gardening practices that are still used in Italy today.

Q3:3.Why does the professor mention Hero of Alexandria?

A. To explain the relationship between ancient Greek gardens and ancient Roman gardens

B. To explain how ancient Roman gardens came to be influenced by Egyptian culture

C. To point out that garden designers were highly respected members of Roman society

D. To indicate the origin of some of the features of Renaissance gardens

Q4:4.According to the professor, what was one goal of the designers of Renaissance gardens?

A. To incorporate plants from as many parts of the world as possible

B. To develop beautiful new breeds of plants

C. To provide amusement for guests

D. To create a peaceful setting for prayer and meditation

Q5:5.What does the professor imply about mazes?

A. They were not part of ancient Roman gardens.

B. They were not common in Renaissance gardens.

C. They often incorporated hidden water tricks.

D. They were the most creative aspect of Renaissance gardens.

Q6:6.What does the professor imply when he says this:

A. Designers of Renaissance gardens were in some ways more creative than the designers of ancient Roman gardens.

B. Designers of Renaissance gardens sometimes had inaccurate conceptions of ancient Roman gardens.

C. Designers of Renaissance gardens sometimes deliberately violated the design principles used in ancient Roman gardens.

D. Designers of Renaissance gardens were able to take advantage of technology that was not available to the designers of ancient Roman gardens.

四、the Renaissance gardens 托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：A

A6:正確答案：B

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