雅思閱讀話題及范文:a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production

雅思閱讀話題及范文:a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production

劍橋雅思真題12Test6閱讀P1

The risks agriculture faces in developing countries

Synthesis of an online debate答案+解析

Questions 1—3

1.a reference to characteristics that only apply to food production

答案：A

題干翻譯：提到一些只適用于食品生產(chǎn)的特點

題目解析：A段第一、二句：Two things distinguish food production from all other productive activities: First, every single person needs food each day and has a right to it; and second, it is hugely dependent on nature.此處體現(xiàn)了food production與其他生產(chǎn)行為的不同之處。而在之后的一句中，說到These two unique aspects 使糧食生產(chǎn)different from any other business，也在此印證了這一點。因此本題答案為A。

2.a reference to challenges faced only by farmers in certain parts of the world

答案：B

題干翻譯：提到一些只有世界上特定地區(qū)的農(nóng)民會面臨的挑戰(zhàn)

題目解析：B段第二句：However, smallholder farmers in developing countries must in addition deal with adverse environments, both natural, in terms of soil quality, rainfall ,etc., and human, in terms of infrastructure, financial systems, markets, knowledge and technology. 文章B段開頭提到了世界各地的農(nóng)民都要面臨一些風(fēng)險，但是根據(jù)第二句得知有些挑戰(zhàn)只是smallholder farmers in developing countries會面臨，這與題目中challenges faced only by farmers in certain parts of the world的表述一致。因此本題答案為B。

3.a reference to difficulties in bringing about co-operation between farmers

答案：H

題干翻譯：提到促進農(nóng)民之間進行合作的難處

題目解析：H段第四、五句：One commentator, Giel Ton, warned that collective action does not come as a free good. It takes time, effort and money to organize, build trust and to experiment.本題中提到的co-operation between farmers出現(xiàn)在文章H段，第一句便提到了collective action groups, co-operatives or producers' groups,之后寫到了這種做法的好處，但通過第四、五句的表述，可以看到這種做法也是存在difficulties的。因此本題答案為H。

Questions 4—9

4.Financial assistance from the government does not always go to the farmers who most need it.

答案：D

題干翻譯：政府的財政支持并不總是到最需要它的農(nóng)民手中。

題目解析：文章E段重點談到社會保障和社會福利體系的話題，其中Rokeya Kabir提到，these have not compensated for the stranglehold exercised by private traders，并且sixty percent of beneficiaries of subsidies are not poor, but rich landowners and non-farmer traders，因此根據(jù)觀點的人名對應(yīng)，本題答案為D。

5.Farmers can benefit from collaborating as a group.

答案：B

題干翻譯：農(nóng)民可以通過組成合作團體而受益。

題目解析：文章H段重點談了農(nóng)民通過合作和組成各種團體的形式來減少風(fēng)險，其中前半段重點說這樣做的方法和好處，之后也提到了可能存在的問題，其中Murphy的觀點是，collective action offers an important way for farmers to strengthen their political and economic bargaining power, and to reduce their business risks，因此根據(jù)人名對應(yīng)選項即可，本題答案為B。

6.Financial assistance from the government can improve the standard of living of farmers.

答案：C

題干翻譯：政府的財政支持可以改善農(nóng)民的生活水平。

題目解析：文章E段開頭提到了social safety nets and public welfare可以address poverty among farming families and reduce their vulnerability to agriculture shocks，這一觀點與題目中improve the standard of living of farmers一致，之后將人名與選項對應(yīng)即可，因此本題答案為C。

7.Farmers may be helped if there is financial input by the same individuals who buy from them.

答案：G

題干翻譯：如果有來自購買者的財政投入，對農(nóng)民或許是有幫助的。

題目解析：文章I段提到由于intermediary purchasers的存在，使農(nóng)民處于更加不利的地位，之后也提出了解決這一問題的方法，其中Sonali Bisht,提出consumers invest in local farmers可以有效增加農(nóng)民保障，他的觀點與本題的表述一致，因此本題答案為G。

8.Governments can help to reduce variation in prices.

答案：B

題干翻譯：政府可以幫助減少價格差異。

題目解析：文中D段提到很多人call for greater state intervention,之后談到了關(guān)于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的建議，之后出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于政府行為有助于減少價格影響的表述：the procurement and holding of stocks by governments can also help mitigate wild swings in food prices，與選項對應(yīng)即可，因此本題答案為B。

9.Improvements to infrastructure can have a major impact on risk for farmers.

答案：A

題干翻譯：基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的改善會對農(nóng)民面臨的風(fēng)險產(chǎn)生很大的影響。

題目解析：文中D段提到很多人call for greater state intervention，之后談到了關(guān)于基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施方面的建議：governments can significantly reduce risks for farmers by providing basic services like roads...，這與題目表述一致，根據(jù)提出本觀點的人名進行對應(yīng)即可，因此本題答案為A。

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