托福tpo49聽力lecture2 Montessori Method

托福tpo49聽力lecture2 Montessori Method，接下來就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細了解一下吧。

Montessori Method托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Montessori Method托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an education class.The professor is discussing the Italian educator Maria Montessori.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Okay，if you did your reading for today then you were introduced to a very influential alternative to traditional education.This educational philosophy and methodology was pioneered in Italy in the early 1900s by Dr.Maria Montessori.It's called the Montessori Method.But what made the Montessori Method for young children so different?What made it so different，so special?

MALE STUDENT:It's based on very different ideas about how kids learn best，right?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Um，hmm.It was groundbreaking.To begin with，unlike the traditional classrooms at the time，the Montessori classroom environment was more suited to the child—the furniture was child-sized;well，it's that way in almost all schools now，but that wasn't always the case.

We can thank Montessori for this.Uh，you won't see any long benches with children in rows or heavy desks that separate children.Children are free to interact with each other.An-and in Montessori classrooms the furniture is lightweight，so children can move it around easily.And having furniture and materials made to fit them makes kids feel more competent.This fits in with Montessori’s notion of liberty and autonomy.Children are free to move around the room，and they learn to do things for themselves.

MALE STUDENT:I'm not sure I get that part.It sounds like potential chaos.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Oh，no，no，no.Let's not confuse this liberty of activity with lack of discipline.In fact，teachers have to maintain this specific environment carefully through a number of rules，which are generally about respect and what’s right.It-it’s just that the child needs freedom of choice to develop independence and self-direction.

Also，unlike what happens in most conventional classrooms，children choose their own activities.They may be guided by the teacher，but it’s ultimately up to each child to select tasks.Which brings us to the manipulative equipment you find in a Montessori classroom，ah，like little boards that have rough or smooth surfaces，or blocks that can be stacked into a tower.Now，this equipment was designed by Montessori over time with much experimentation—designed，um，well，designed to help children teach themselves，through playing.

FEMALE STUDENT:Well，what do the teachers do，I mean，if the kids are teaching themselves?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Ah，well，that's a good question.To start，uh，a child may not work with an activity until the teacher has demonstrated its proper use.Then the Montessori teacher's job is to observe the child's play，because when the children“play”they're acquiring the basis for later concepts.So the teacher helps motivate and focus each child and monitors the child's progress，but does not interfere with the child's observations and deductions.That was—and still is—a novel idea，and—for many teachers—not the easiest thing to do.In fact，for some it's very difficult.Montessori herself called the teacher a“director.”Remember，the independence of the learner lies at the heart of the Montessori methodology.

FEMALE STUDENT:OK，yeah，it does seem like the teacher'd need a lot of training and patience.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:True.As I said，it's not easy for a lot of teachers to step back like that.But getting back to the equipment.Basic Montessori equipment can be divided into a number of major subject areas，such as Practical Life，Mathematics，and what is called Sensorial.

With the sensorial equipment the children can explore things like sounds and textures.At the same time they develop motor skills.But this apparent play is laying the groundwork for later math and language work.

Now let's take a look at the materials called“brown stairs.”For a young child playing with these graduated blocks，these uh，brown stairs，they are not just a sensorial lesson.By manipulating them，the child develops fine motor skills and by sorting and classifying them by size，by weight，the child learns some basic mathematics.…Similarly，with Practical Life equipment，the child can learn how to button a shirt，cut up an apple for a snack，and，uh，other real-world tasks.

MALE STUDENT:With all this integration and real-world learning，is there any room for creativity?<br>

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Is creativity encouraged?Well，Montessori teachers wouldn’t praise a child for using a violin as a baseball bat or for putting it on their head like a hat.But，actually，creativity comes through learning to play the violin，using the object for the purpose it was intended，and Practical Life exercises stress that.

二、Montessori Method托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽一段教育課上的演講。教授正在討論意大利教育家瑪麗亞·蒙臺梭利。

女教授：好吧，如果你今天做了閱讀，那么你就被介紹給了一個非常有影響力的傳統(tǒng)教育替代方案。20世紀初，瑪麗亞·蒙臺梭利博士在意大利開創(chuàng)了這種教育理念和方法。這叫做蒙特梭利方法。但是，是什么讓蒙臺梭利方法對幼兒如此不同呢？是什么讓它如此與眾不同，如此特別？

男學生：這是基于關于孩子如何學習最好的不同觀點，對吧？

女教授：嗯，這是開創(chuàng)性的。首先，與當時的傳統(tǒng)教室不同，蒙臺梭利的教室環(huán)境更適合孩子——家具是兒童大小的；嗯，現(xiàn)在幾乎所有的學校都是這樣的，但情況并不總是如此。

我們可以為此感謝蒙臺梭利。呃，你不會看到孩子們排成一排的長椅，也不會看到把孩子們分開的沉重書桌。孩子們可以自由地相互交流。在蒙臺梭利教室里，家具很輕，所以孩子們可以很容易地移動。擁有適合他們的家具和材料會讓孩子們覺得更有能力。這符合蒙臺梭利的自由和自治理念。孩子們可以自由地在房間里走動，他們學會了為自己做事。

男學生：我不確定我能得到那個角色。這聽起來像是潛在的混亂。

女教授：哦，不，不，我們不要把這種活動自由與缺乏紀律混為一談。事實上，教師必須通過一系列規(guī)則來謹慎地維護這種特定的環(huán)境，這些規(guī)則通常是關于尊重和什么是正確的。這只是因為孩子需要選擇的自由來發(fā)展獨立性和自我指導。

此外，與大多數(shù)傳統(tǒng)教室不同，孩子們選擇自己的活動。他們可能會受到老師的指導，但最終由每個孩子來選擇任務。這讓我們看到了你在蒙臺梭利教室里發(fā)現(xiàn)的操縱設備，比如表面粗糙或光滑的小木板，或者可以堆疊成塔的積木?，F(xiàn)在，這個設備是由蒙臺梭利設計的，經過大量實驗設計的，嗯，好吧，旨在幫助孩子們通過玩耍自學。

女學生：我的意思是，如果孩子們在自學，老師會做什么？

女教授：嗯，這是個好問題。首先，嗯，在老師演示了正確的使用方法之前，孩子可能不會參與某項活動。然后，蒙臺梭利老師的工作就是觀察孩子的游戲，因為當孩子們“玩”的時候，他們會為以后的概念奠定基礎。因此，老師幫助激勵和關注每個孩子，監(jiān)督孩子的進步，但不干涉孩子的觀察和推斷。這過去是，現(xiàn)在仍然是一個新穎的想法，對許多老師來說，這不是最容易做到的事情。事實上，對一些人來說，這是非常困難的。蒙臺梭利自己稱老師為“指導者”。記住，學習者的獨立性是蒙臺梭里方法論的核心。

女學生：好的，是的，看起來老師確實需要很多訓練和耐心。

女教授：沒錯。正如我所說，很多老師都不容易這樣退縮。但回到設備上?；镜拿膳_梭利設備可以分為許多主要的學科領域，如實用生活、數(shù)學和所謂的感官。

有了感官設備，孩子們可以探索聲音和紋理等事物。同時，他們發(fā)展了運動技能。但這場明顯的比賽為后來的數(shù)學和語言工作奠定了基礎。

現(xiàn)在，讓我們來看一看被稱為“棕色樓梯”的材料。對于一個玩這些分級積木的小孩來說，這些棕色樓梯不僅僅是一堂感官課。通過操縱它們，孩子發(fā)展了良好的運動技能，通過按大小、重量對它們進行分類，孩子學習了一些基本的數(shù)學?！瑯?，使用實用生活設備，孩子可以學習如何扣襯衫、切蘋果當零食，以及其他現(xiàn)實生活中的任務。

男學生：有了所有這些融合和現(xiàn)實世界的學習，還有創(chuàng)造的空間嗎<br>

女教授：創(chuàng)造力受到鼓勵嗎？嗯，蒙臺梭利的老師不會稱贊孩子把小提琴當作棒球棒，或者把它當作帽子戴在頭上。但是，實際上，創(chuàng)造力來自于學習拉小提琴，將物體用于預期目的，而實踐生活練習強調了這一點。

三、Montessori Method托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Children's reactions to the Montessori Method

B.Teacher training in the Montessori Method

C.How the Montessori Method facilitates children's development

D.How Maria Montessori developed her educational method

Q2:What does the professor imply about the furniture that was traditionally found in children's classrooms in the early 1900s?[Click on three answers.]

A.It did not encourage interaction among children.

B.It helped maintain discipline in the classroom.

C.It was heavy and difficult for children to move.

D.It was not child sized.

E.It encouraged children to act independently.

Q3:According to the professor，what is the primary goal of the Montessori teacher?

A.To instruct the child in the correct use of the manipulative equipment

B.To prepare the child socially for future school interactions

C.To focus directly on the skills necessary for academic success

D.To guide the child to learn skills and concepts independently

Q4:What is the professor's attitude about the Montessori teacher's role?

A.She thinks children need more interaction with adults than it allows.

B.She thinks it is too limiting for the teacher.

C.She thinks it could be a difficult role to perform.

D.She thinks it demands expertise in many academic areas.

Q5:What does the example of the brown stairs demonstrate about Montessori classroom materials?

A.That natural materials provide children with a superior sensorial experience

B.That Montessori classroom materials are generally the same as those used in other primary schools

C.That same materials lack a particular educational focus

D.That one set of materials can be used to introduce several skills

Q6:Why does the professor mention the violin?[Click on two answers.]

A.To demonstrate the type of creativity the Montessori method encourages

B.To stress the importance of music education at an early age

C.To give an example of how advanced Montessori lessons can be

D.To show that Montessori teachers expect materials to be used for their intended purpose

四、Montessori Method托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：ACD

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：AD

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