Greenhouse Effect托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Greenhouse Effect托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Greenhouse Effect托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Now,over the next few weeks we’re gonna focus on carbon,and its role in what's known as the greenhouse effect.Everyone knows what that is,right?But let’s make sure,anyway. Yes, Carly?

FEMALE STUDENT:The greenhouse effect is when gases in Earth's atmosphere act like the glass in a greenhouse,or hothouse—they trap in heat,which warms up the Earth.

MALE PROFESSOR:Gases like…?

FEMALE STUDENT:Um,water vapor,carbon dioxide…

MALE PROFESSOR:Right.Carbon dioxide…We hear a lot about carbon these days,no?“Carbon emissions,”“carbon burning,”leaving a“carbon footprint”…so it'd be easy to assume that any form of carbon burning is necessarily a bad thing.But the fact is,it's not quite that simple.So,we're gonna focus today on the difference between good,bad,and,uh,well,the not-so-bad,the potentially OK carbon burning.

OK,good carbon burning—well,we all have a personal stake in this,because burning carbon is the basis of life.We wouldn't be here if we ourselves weren't“burning carbon.”Uh,basically all living things burn carbon to survive.Usually this happens at the cellular level,and what's burned is carbon in the form of sugars—glucose.

Oxygen gets chemically combined with sugars in our cells,and the energy produced from that reaction is then used to power the cells.So just by breathing you could say we're all guilty of carbon emission,and contribute to the amount of carbon in the atmosphere.

Um,another thing about atmospheric carbon:It keeps us from freezing.Because without carbon and other greenhouse gases,our planet would be the same temperature as outer space—around 4 degrees above absolute zero.And there's nothing going on at that temperature,no possibility of life of any sort.So without atmospheric carbon,life couldn't exist on Earth.

Now another thing to remember is that carbon is always being removed from the atmosphere:It gets used up.Largely it's consumed by plant life,through photosynthesis.Also,it dissolves in the oceans.Or gets stored deep in the ocean—you have shellfish that use the CO2 dissolved in the water to make carbonate shells,and when they die,they fall to the ocean floor and the carbon gets sequestered down there.

So,with all this carbon constantly being depleted from the atmosphere,we really need to keep carbon output up,to a certain point.

So why all the bad press for burning carbon?

Well,turns out it’s the source of the carbon being burned that's the key.It's in fact the burning of what we call fossil carbon that creates the imbalance—fossil fuels—coal,oil,natural gas.

These substances are all mined;we have to dig'em up,or drill a well to release them.And this is carbon that was in the atmosphere millions of years ago.

So what happens is,when we burn this carbon—OK,it doesn't really release a whole lot,compared to the amount that’s already there in the atmosphere,but it adds to the pool.And over years it accumulates.

Think of the atmosphere as a big bathtub:It’s basically already filled to the brim with carbon;when we start adding fossil carbon into the mix,it starts to spill over.Uh,That being said,there's actually a category that’s in between—what we call biomass fuels.Probably the most common one is wood.

Another example,uh,on the-the North American plains,the Native Americans used to collect buffalo droppings to burn.Uh,in Ireland they cut up peat from bogs,and they burn that.

So what's the big distinction between this and fossil carbon?

Well,biomass carbon is what we might call current carbon—Iit's always going in and out of the atmosphere.So if we burn one of these fuels,we’re putting its carbon into the atmosphere,right?But in a balanced system,somewhere else in the world this same amount of carbon is going back—it gets taken in by growing vegetation.So burning biomass fuel produces sort of“not-so-bad”carbon.In fact it can become good carbon,if we endeavor—as a society,as humanity—to allow forests to recover this carbon—if we don't,say,pave over all the surfaces to,uh,prevent things from growing.So whenever we cut down a tree and burn its wood,we have to allow another tree to grow,to keep things in balance.That way you're-you're carbon neutral.

二、Greenhouse Effect托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在環(huán)境科學(xué)課上聽講座的一部分。

男教授：現(xiàn)在，在接下來的幾周里，我們將重點(diǎn)關(guān)注碳及其在所謂的溫室效應(yīng)中的作用。每個人都知道那是什么，對嗎？但無論如何，讓我們確定一下&nbsp；是的；卡莉？

女學(xué)生：溫室效應(yīng)是指地球大氣中的氣體就像溫室中的玻璃一樣，或是溫室中的熱量，使地球變暖。

男教授：像……這樣的氣體…？

女生：嗯，水蒸氣，二氧化碳…

男教授：對。二氧化碳……這些天我們聽到很多關(guān)于碳的消息，不是嗎？“碳排放”，“碳燃燒”，留下“碳足跡”……所以很容易假設(shè)任何形式的碳燃燒都是一件壞事。但事實(shí)是，這并不是那么簡單。所以，我們今天將重點(diǎn)討論好的、壞的，以及，呃，好的，不太壞的，潛在的OK碳燃燒之間的區(qū)別。

好的，好的碳燃燒好的，我們都有個人的利害關(guān)系，因為燃燒碳是生命的基礎(chǔ)。如果我們自己沒有“燃燒碳”，我們就不會在這里呃，基本上所有生物都是靠燃燒碳來生存的。通常這發(fā)生在細(xì)胞水平，燃燒的是以糖-葡萄糖形式存在的碳。

氧氣與細(xì)胞中的糖發(fā)生化學(xué)結(jié)合，然后反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的能量被用來為細(xì)胞提供能量。因此，只要呼吸一下，你就可以說我們都有碳排放的罪過，并導(dǎo)致大氣中的碳含量增加。

嗯，關(guān)于大氣中的碳還有一件事：它可以防止我們結(jié)冰。因為如果沒有碳和其他溫室氣體，我們的星球?qū)⑴c外層空間的溫度一樣，大約在絕對零度以上4度左右。在那樣的溫度下什么也沒有發(fā)生，沒有任何生命的可能。因此，如果沒有大氣中的碳，地球上就不可能存在生命。

現(xiàn)在要記住的另一件事是，碳總是從大氣中被去除：它會被消耗掉。主要由植物通過光合作用消耗。此外，它在海洋中溶解?；蛘邇Υ嬖诤Ｑ笊钐幱胸愵?，它們利用溶解在水中的二氧化碳來制造碳酸鹽貝殼，當(dāng)它們死亡時，會掉落到海底，碳會被封存在那里。

因此，隨著大氣中所有的碳不斷被耗盡，我們確實(shí)需要將碳產(chǎn)量保持在一定程度上。

那么，為什么會有這么多關(guān)于燃燒碳的負(fù)面新聞呢？

事實(shí)證明，關(guān)鍵在于燃燒的碳的來源。事實(shí)上，我們所說的化石碳的燃燒造成了化石燃料煤、石油、天然氣的不平衡。

這些物質(zhì)都是開采出來的；我們必須把它們挖出來，或者鉆一口井把它們放出來。這是數(shù)百萬年前存在于大氣中的碳。

所以，當(dāng)我們?nèi)紵@些碳時，與大氣中已經(jīng)存在的碳量相比，它并沒有真正釋放出很多碳，但它會增加碳池。隨著時間的推移，它不斷積累。

把大氣想象成一個大浴缸：它基本上已經(jīng)充滿了碳；當(dāng)我們開始向混合物中添加化石碳時，它開始溢出。呃，也就是說，實(shí)際上有一個類別介于我們所說的生物質(zhì)燃料之間。最常見的可能是木材。

另一個例子，呃，在北美平原上，土著美國人過去常常收集水牛糞便焚燒。呃，在愛爾蘭，他們從沼澤中切下泥炭，然后焚燒。

那么這和化石碳有什么區(qū)別呢？

嗯，生物質(zhì)碳就是我們所說的當(dāng)前碳，它總是在大氣中進(jìn)出。所以，如果我們?nèi)紵渲幸环N燃料，我們就會把它的碳排放到大氣中，對嗎？但在一個平衡的系統(tǒng)中，在世界其他地方，同樣數(shù)量的碳正在被植物吸收回來。所以燃燒生物質(zhì)燃料會產(chǎn)生某種“不太壞”的碳。事實(shí)上，如果我們作為一個社會，作為一個人類，努力讓森林恢復(fù)這種碳，如果我們不，比如說，在所有的表面鋪路，呃，阻止事物生長，它可以成為好的碳。因此，每當(dāng)我們砍倒一棵樹并燒掉它的木材時，我們必須讓另一棵樹生長，以保持事物的平衡。那樣的話，你是碳中和的。

三、Greenhouse Effect托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To argue that carbon emissions today are not the only factor responsible for global warming

B.To provide evidence that rates of global carbon emissions fluctuate over time

C.To show the importance of distinguishing between different types of carbon emissions

D.To describe different ways carbon is removed from the atmosphere

Q2:2.What aspects of outer space does the professor emphasize?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Its vastness

B.Its cold temperatures

C.The absence of life there

D.Its role as the ultimate source of energy on Earth

Q3:3.According to the professor,how do the oceans remove carbon from the atmosphere?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.By dissolving it

B.Through a process of condensation and precipitation

C.By storing the remains of marine animals

D.Through the regulation of air temperature

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention mining?

A.To explain why the price of fossil fuels is continually rising

B.To explain how certain fuel sources can be recovered from the ocean floor

C.To explain why coal and oil are more difficult to obtain than natural gas

D.To explain why fossil fuels contribute to an excess of carbon in the atmosphere

Q5:5.What does the professor mean when he refers to biomass carbon as"current carbon"?

A.It is the fuel source most widely approved by environmentalists today.

B.It is part of a balanced system of carbon emission and absorption.

C.It is circulated throughout the oceans by the movement of ocean water.

D.It readily combines with other carbon molecules to produce long chains.

Q6:6.Replay:Why does the professor say this

A.To let students know that the term“greenhouse effect”will be tested

B.To indicate that the definition of“greenhouse effect”will be discussed

C.To suggest that his previous definition of“greenhouse effect”was imprecise

D.To acknowledge that there is controversy surrounding the use of the term“greenhouse effect”

四、Greenhouse Effect托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：BC

A3:正確答案：AC

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：B

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