Baroque Music托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

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Baroque Music托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Baroque Music托福聽力原文：

W:The term“Baroque”refers to a style and a culture rather than a precise period in history.Architecture,painting,and music each have a style called Baroque.One of the most striking features of the Baroque style is its expressiveness.Baroque music is a vigorous style combining imagination with great feeling.There’s great use of dissonance to express extremes of emotion,especially in vocal music.And compared to Renaissance music,Baroque music has more ornament.Trills and grace notes—little twists on notes—all find their way into musical notation.Baroque music is known for its virtuoso instrumental music.Instrumental music had been gaining in importance and came into its own around 1600.Music was freed from the necessity of words,and it now moved to dance rhythms rather than speech rhythms.The new style demanded new musical forms.It was in the Baroque era that some of the forms we know today began to take shape:the opera,the sonata,and the concerto.

The person generally given credit for inaugurating the Baroque style was Claudio Monteverdi.Monteverdi’s career took place at the same time as other developments,like the rise of solo singing and,um,experiments to re-create Greek music and drama.These experiments led to a new form called opera.Monteverdi was the first of the great Italian opera composers,and he was also the first to explore the tone colors of the orchestra.Monteverdi was a revolutionary.He took musical risks,like doing exciting things with rhythms,and using dissonance to make the music more expressive.The golden age of Baroque instrumental music began with orchestral combinations like the one Monteverdi used in his opera Orfeo.The orchestra for Orfeo consisted of two harpsichords,two contrabasses,twelve members of the violin family,a double harp,two pipe organs,four trombones,two cornets,a small flute,three muted trumpets,and an assortment of other instruments.With these instruments,Monteverdi told the Greek legend of Orpheus.The instruments dramatized the story’s characters and plot.For example,the high flute and a small violin accompanied the shepherd,brasses and organ music suggested the underworld,and so forth.Orfeo was full of expressive devices,and demanded masterful playing from strings and brass,as well as virtuoso singing.

M:Excuse me,Professor Stevens.Could you explain exactly what“virtuoso”means?

W:Sure.“Virtuoso”is an Italian word.It means highly skilled or...worthy.A virtuoso piece of music requires a highly skilled vocalist or a masterful player.

M:But a person can be a virtuoso,right?I mean,we can say,for example,“He’s a real virtuoso.”

W:Yes,that’s right.A virtuoso is a musician who plays with great skill and technique,or who has an extraordinary individual style.It was the,um,violin virtuosos who perfected new forms of instrumental music in the Baroque period.All of the great violinmakers of the time were concentrated in Italy.The terms“concerto”and“sonata”also come from Italian.The concerto and the sonata developed as vehicles for virtuoso musicians to show off their skills.The concerto became the dominant instrumental form of the Baroque period.Concertos feature solo instruments—usually violins—and orchestra,or they can feature groups of instruments and orchestra.The music is characterized by its dazzling virtuosity and ornamentation.Baroque concertos required a lot of technical skill—in both the composing and the performing.

The most famous of all Baroque concertos were for solo violin and orchestra.Vivaldi’s Four Seasons are probably the best known examples.The Four Seasons are four related concertos—one for each season.They are pure,quintessential Baroque music—descriptive,expressive,elaborate—and with virtuoso violin playing.Before I go on,let’s pause here so we can listen to the first of The Four Seasons.Here is“Concerto Number 1,Spring.”

二、Baroque Music托福聽力中文翻譯：

W：“巴洛克”一詞指的是一種風(fēng)格和文化，而不是一個(gè)確切的歷史時(shí)期。建筑、繪畫和音樂都有一種稱為巴洛克的風(fēng)格。巴洛克風(fēng)格最顯著的特征之一是其表現(xiàn)力。巴洛克音樂是一種充滿活力的風(fēng)格，將想象力與偉大的感覺結(jié)合在一起，尤其是在聲樂方面。與文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的音樂相比，巴洛克音樂更具裝飾性。高音和優(yōu)美的音符——音符上的小曲折——都進(jìn)入了記譜法。巴洛克音樂以其精湛的器樂而聞名。器樂的重要性越來越大，并在1600年左右出現(xiàn)。音樂從文字的必要性中解放出來，現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向了舞蹈節(jié)奏，而不是語音節(jié)奏。新的風(fēng)格要求新的音樂形式。正是在巴洛克時(shí)代，我們今天所知道的一些形式開始形成：歌劇、奏鳴曲和協(xié)奏曲。

人們普遍認(rèn)為開創(chuàng)巴洛克風(fēng)格的人是克勞迪奧·蒙特威爾第。蒙特威爾第的職業(yè)生涯與其他發(fā)展同時(shí)發(fā)生，比如獨(dú)唱的興起，以及重新創(chuàng)作希臘音樂和戲劇的實(shí)驗(yàn)。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生了一種新的形式，稱為歌劇。蒙特威爾迪是第一位偉大的意大利歌劇作曲家，他也是第一個(gè)探索管弦樂隊(duì)音色的人。蒙特威爾第是一位革命者。他冒著音樂風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，比如用節(jié)奏做令人興奮的事情，并使用不和諧來使音樂更具表現(xiàn)力。巴洛克器樂的黃金時(shí)代始于管弦樂組合，就像蒙特威爾第在歌劇《奧費(fèi)奧》中使用的那樣。Orfeo管弦樂隊(duì)由兩支大鍵琴、兩支低音管、十二名小提琴家族成員、一把雙豎琴、兩個(gè)管風(fēng)琴、四個(gè)長號、兩個(gè)短號、一支小長笛、三個(gè)靜音小號和各種其他樂器組成。蒙特威爾第用這些樂器講述了希臘傳說中的俄耳甫斯。這些樂器將故事的人物和情節(jié)戲劇化了。例如，牧羊人用高笛和小小提琴伴奏，銅管樂器和管風(fēng)琴音樂暗示著黑社會，等等。奧費(fèi)奧充滿了表現(xiàn)力，需要弦樂和銅管樂器的精湛演奏，以及精湛的歌唱。

M：對不起，史蒂文斯教授。你能解釋一下“演奏家”到底是什么意思嗎？

W：當(dāng)然?！癡irtuoso”是一個(gè)意大利語單詞。意思是高技能或。。。值得的一首精湛的音樂需要一位技藝高超的聲樂家或一位技藝精湛的演奏家。

M：但是一個(gè)人可以成為一個(gè)演奏家，對吧？我的意思是，例如，我們可以說，“他是一個(gè)真正的演奏家。”

W：是的，沒錯(cuò)。演奏家是指演奏技巧高超或具有非凡個(gè)人風(fēng)格的音樂家。正是小提琴演奏家在巴洛克時(shí)期完善了新的器樂形式。當(dāng)時(shí)所有偉大的小提琴家都集中在意大利。“協(xié)奏曲”和“奏鳴曲”這兩個(gè)術(shù)語也來自意大利語。協(xié)奏曲和奏鳴曲發(fā)展成為演奏家展示技藝的工具。協(xié)奏曲成為巴洛克時(shí)期占主導(dǎo)地位的器樂形式。協(xié)奏曲以獨(dú)奏樂器為特色，通常是小提琴和管弦樂隊(duì)，也可以以樂器組和管弦樂隊(duì)為特色。這首音樂的特點(diǎn)是其令人眼花繚亂的精湛技藝和裝飾。巴洛克協(xié)奏曲在作曲和演奏方面都需要大量的技術(shù)技巧。

所有巴洛克協(xié)奏曲中最著名的是小提琴獨(dú)奏曲和管弦樂隊(duì)協(xié)奏曲。維瓦爾第的《四季》可能是最著名的例子?！端募尽肥撬氖紫嚓P(guān)的協(xié)奏曲，每一季一首。它們是純粹的、典型的巴洛克音樂——描述性的、富有表現(xiàn)力的、精心制作的，并配有精湛的小提琴演奏。在我繼續(xù)之前，讓我們在這里停下來，這樣我們就可以聽《四季》的第一首了。這是《第一協(xié)奏曲，春天》

三、Baroque Music托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.How does the professor develop the topic ofBaroque music?

A.By tracing the evolution of Baroque from earlier styles

B.By describing features and forms of Baroque music

C.By comparing Baroque music,architecture,and painting

D.By explaining the philosophy of Baroque composers

Q2:2.What characterizes Baroque music?

Click on two answers.

A.Expression of emotion

B.Use of folk songs

C.Emphasis on harmony

D.Complex ornamentation

Q3:3.Why does the professor say this:

A.To explain how new musical forms developed

B.To quote the philosophy of a Baroque composer

C.To emphasize the importance of a song’s words

D.To contrast Baroque music with dance music

Q4:4.Why does the professor discuss the instruments of the orchestra for Monteverdi’s opera Orfeo?

A.To compare the Baroque orchestra with the orchestra of today

B.To give examples of instruments that Monteverdi invented

C.To illustrate how different instruments helped to tell a story

D.To explain why the orchestra was the center of Baroque music

Q5:5.What does the professor mean when she says this:

A.Very few musicians were skilled enough to play Baroque concertos.

B.Baroque composers had to earn money by playing in the orchestra.

C.Musicians had to know how to play several different styles of music.

D.Baroque musicians created new musical forms to display their ability.

四、Baroque Music托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：AD

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：D

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