劍橋雅思15Test1Passage3閱讀原文翻譯

劍橋雅思15Test1Passage3閱讀原文翻譯，今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問題。

What is exploration探索是什么

劍橋雅思15 Test1 Passage3閱讀原文翻譯

第1段

We are all explorers.Our desire to discover,and then share that new-found knowledge,is part of what makes us human一indeed,this has played an important part in our success as a species.Long before the first caveman slumped down beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest over yonder,our ancestors had learnt the value of sending out scouts to investigate the unknown.This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe,just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo,and a visitor negotiate the subways of New York.

我們都是探索者。我們對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)以及隨后分享新發(fā)現(xiàn)知識(shí)的渴望是我們之所以成為人類的部分原因–確實(shí)，這一特質(zhì)在我們作為一個(gè)物種所取得的成功中扮演著重要角色。早在第一個(gè)洞穴人臥倒在篝火旁，嘟囔地說(shuō)著那邊有很多野獸的消息之前，我們的祖先已經(jīng)了解到派遣偵查員探索未知區(qū)域的價(jià)值。我們這一探索追尋的本質(zhì)無(wú)疑幫助我們的族群在全球擴(kuò)散開來(lái)，正如它仍然毫無(wú)疑問地幫助著最后一只Penan游牧部落在Borneo荒蕪的森林中維持生存，以及一名游客在紐約地鐵中摸索方向。

第2段

Over the years,we’ve come to think of explorers as a peculiar breed–different from the rest of us,different from those of us who are merely‘well travelled’,even;and perhaps there is a type of person more suited to seeking out the new,a type of caveman more inclined to risk venturing out.That,however,doesn’t take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct,even today;and that in all sorts of professions一whether artist,marine biologist or astronomer一borders of the unknown are being tested each day.

最近幾年，我們將探索者看成一種獨(dú)特的物種–與我們其他人不同，甚至與我們之中那些僅僅是去過許多地方的人不同?；蛟S有一類人更適合探索新鮮事物，有一類洞穴人更加傾向于冒險(xiǎn)外出。然而，即便是現(xiàn)在，這也并未改變我們都有這一探索追尋的本能的事實(shí)。在所有職業(yè)中–無(wú)論是藝術(shù)家、生物學(xué)家還是天文學(xué)家–未知的邊界每天都在經(jīng)受測(cè)試。

第3段

Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath,a fictional area of uncultivated land,and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters.He is delving into matters we all recognise because they are common to humanity.This is surely an act of exploration,and into a world as remote as the author chooses.Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the moment when the explorer returns to the existence he has left behind with his loved ones.The traveller‘who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background,suddenly encounters his other self,a relatively solid figure,with a place in the minds of certain people’.

Thomas Hardy將其小說(shuō)的背景設(shè)定在Egdon Heath，一塊尚未開發(fā)的虛構(gòu)疆域，并且利用風(fēng)景暗示其人物的渴望與恐懼。他所挖掘的事物我們都能識(shí)別出來(lái)，因?yàn)樗鼈兪俏覀內(nèi)祟愃灿械?。這當(dāng)然是一種探索行為，而且是對(duì)一個(gè)作者所選擇的遙遠(yuǎn)世界的探索。探險(xiǎn)家與旅行作家Peter Fleming談到這樣的時(shí)刻：探險(xiǎn)家回到他之前與所愛的人一起拋之身后的存在。旅行者“在幾周或幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間里將自己看作是一個(gè)微不足道的、毫不相干的外鄉(xiāng)人，費(fèi)勁全力緩慢行走在一片他既沒有根基也沒有背景的異域大陸上，突然之間，他遇到另一個(gè)自我，一個(gè)相對(duì)更加堅(jiān)固的身份，在特定人群的心中占有了一席之地”。

第4段

In this book about the exploration of the earth’s surface,I have confined myself to those whose travels were real and who also aimed at more than personal discovery.But that still left me with another problem:the word‘explorer’has become associated with a past era.We think back to a golden age,as if exploration peaked somehow in the 19th century一as if the process of discovery is now on the decline,though the truth is that we have named only one and a half million of this planet’s species,and there may be more than 10 million一and that’s not including bacteria.We have studied only 5 per cent of the species we know.We have scarcely mapped the ocean floors,and know even less about ourselves;we fully understand the workings of only 10 per cent of our brains.

在這本關(guān)于探索地球表面的書籍中，我將自己的目光限定在那些進(jìn)行過真正的旅行，并且目標(biāo)不僅僅是自我發(fā)現(xiàn)的人群身上。但這仍然給我造成另一個(gè)問題：“探索者”一詞已經(jīng)與過去的時(shí)代文章來(lái)自 雅思相關(guān)聯(lián)。我們會(huì)回想某個(gè)黃金時(shí)代，好像探索莫名地在19世紀(jì)達(dá)到頂峰–好像發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程如今已在衰退，雖然事實(shí)是我們才僅僅命名了這座行星上150萬(wàn)個(gè)物種而已，而全部的物種可能超過1000萬(wàn)，并且這還不包括細(xì)菌。我們只研究了已知物種的5%。我們尚未繪制海洋底部的地圖，對(duì)我們自身更是知之甚少；我們只對(duì)大腦10%的區(qū)域的工作原理有充分了解。

第5段

Here is how some of today’s‘explorers’define the word.Ran Fiennes,dubbed the‘greatest living explorer’,said,‘An explorer is someone who has done something that no human has done before–and also done something scientifically useful.’Chris Bonington,a leading mountaineer,felt exploration was to be found in the act of physically touching the unknown:‘You have to have gone somewhere new.’Then Robin Hanbury-Tenison,a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called‘tribal’peoples,said,‘A traveller simply records information about some far-off world,and reports back;but an explorer changes the world.’Wilfred Thesiger,who crossed Arabia’s Empty Quarter in 1946,and belongs to an era of unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us,told me,‘If I’d gone across by camel when I could have gone by car,it would have been a stunt.’To him,exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery.

如下是一些今天的“探索者”對(duì)這個(gè)詞的定義。被稱為“現(xiàn)存的最偉大的探索者”的Ran Fiennes說(shuō)：“探索者是一位完成了之前沒有人完成過的事情的人–并且這件事情也對(duì)科學(xué)有益”。Chris Bonington，一位頂尖的登山專家，認(rèn)為探索在于用實(shí)際行為觸碰未知領(lǐng)域：“你必須得去一些全新的地方”。Robin Hanbury-Tenison，一位代表偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)所謂“部落”群體的活動(dòng)家，說(shuō)：“旅行者僅僅記錄關(guān)于遙遠(yuǎn)世界的信息，然后報(bào)道回來(lái)；但探索者則會(huì)改變世界”。Wilfred Thesiger于1946年穿越阿拉伯的空域沙漠，屬于那個(gè)我們已經(jīng)無(wú)法觸及的不借助機(jī)械設(shè)備出行的年代。他告訴我，“如果我在能夠使用汽車的時(shí)候選擇乘坐駱駝進(jìn)行穿越，那么這一切就成了噱頭”。對(duì)他而言，探索意味著將信息從遙遠(yuǎn)的地方帶回來(lái)，至于任何探索者自身偉大的自我發(fā)現(xiàn)則無(wú)關(guān)緊要“。

第6段

Each definition is slightly different–and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer.It was the same whoever I asked:the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past,the cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the present.And so on.They each set their own particular criteria;the common factor in their approach being that they all had,unlike many of us who simply enjoy travel or discovering new things,both a very definite objective from the outset and also a desire to record their findings.

每種定義都稍有不同–并且傾向于反映每位先驅(qū)者各自付出努力的領(lǐng)域。無(wú)論我問的是誰(shuí)，結(jié)果都一樣：杰出的歷史學(xué)家會(huì)說(shuō)探索是過去的事情，前沿科學(xué)家會(huì)說(shuō)探索是現(xiàn)在的事情。等等等等。他們每個(gè)人都設(shè)立了自己獨(dú)特的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但他們的看法中有一個(gè)共同點(diǎn)：不像我們?cè)S多人那樣只是享受旅行或者發(fā)現(xiàn)新鮮事物，他們所有人一開始都有著十分明確的目標(biāo)，并且想要記錄自己的發(fā)現(xiàn)。

第7段

I’d best declare my own bias.As a writer,I’m interested in the exploration of ideas.I’ve done a great many expeditions and each one was unique.I’ve lived for months alone with isolated groups of people all around the world,even two‘uncontacted tribes’.But none of these things is of the slightest interest to anyone unless,through my books,I’ve found a new slant,explored a new idea.Why?Because the world has moved on.The time has long passed for the great continental voyages–another walk to the poles,another crossing of the Empty Quarter.We know how the land surface of our planet lies;exploration of it is now down to the details一the habits of microbes,say,or the grazing behaviour of buffalo.Aside from the deep sea and deep underground,it’s the era of specialists.However,this is to disregard the role the human mind has in conveying remote places;and this is what interests me:how a fresh interpretation,even of a well-travelled route,can give its readers new insights.

我最好坦白一下我自己的偏頗。作為作家，我對(duì)探索觀念很感興趣。我進(jìn)行過許多次考察，每一次都十分獨(dú)特。我曾孤身一人和世界上與世隔絕的人群一起生活過幾個(gè)月，其中甚至包括兩個(gè)“從未與外界接觸的部落”。但所有這些事情都無(wú)法引起其他人的絲毫興趣，除非我通過自己的書籍找到新的切入點(diǎn)，探索新的觀念。為什么？因?yàn)槭澜缫呀?jīng)向前發(fā)展。偉大的洲際旅行的時(shí)光早已過去–比如再次徒步前往極地，比如再次穿過空域沙漠。我們知道地球表面是什么樣子。對(duì)它的探索現(xiàn)在集中于細(xì)節(jié)–比如微生物的習(xí)性或者水牛的進(jìn)食行為。除了深海和地底深處之外，如今已經(jīng)是專業(yè)人員的時(shí)代。然而，這忽視了人類思想在傳播遙遠(yuǎn)地域信息中的作用。而這也是我的興趣所在：一種新的解釋，甚至是一條熟悉的旅途，如何能賦予其讀者全新的想法。

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