托福tpo57聽力lecture1 Sentimental Comedy

托福tpo57聽力lecture1 Sentimental Comedy，那么接下來就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。

Sentimental Comedy托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Sentimental Comedy托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a theater history class.The class is discussing 18th-century plays in Europe and the United States.

MALE PROFESSOR:By far the most popular genre of plays during the 18th century was the sentimental comedy.Now,in order to sort of get our heads around what a sentimental comedy is,where it came from,and why on earth it was so popular,we need to understand what sentimentality was,as a philosophical movement.So,uh,during the 18th century,some thinkers,uh,philosophers,political theorists uh came up with this idea of sentimentality.The main point in sentimentality is that-that people are inherently good,people are good by nature.In the past,in other times,some people had believed or claimed that men and women are naturally selfish,or naturally evil;during the seventeenth century there was a very popular theory,known as-as the“social contract,”set out by thinkers like Thomas Hobbes,which argued that people are naturally selfish….Eh,during the eighteenth century,on the other hand,eh thinkers associated with sentimentality came along and said no,no,no,people are naturally good.Yes,Diane,question?

FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah,sorry to interrupt,but…why was it called—that first one,uh,the“social contract”—why was it called that?I mean,if people are supposed to be naturally selfish,isn’t that the opposite of being social?

MALE PROFESSOR:Uh.the emphasis was more on the contract part.If people are naturally inclined to do what’s in their own self-interest,then,in order to have people living together in peace,you-you needed to develop some kind of a social contract,a sort of agreement—I won’t hit you over the head and take your stuff if you don’t hit me over the head and take my stuff...But,in the eighteenth century,the sentimental theorists came along and said that people are naturally good.

FEMALE STUDENT:Hard to believe sometimes if you watch the evening news.

MALE PROFESSOR:Okay.If you try to argue that people are naturally good,you’re going to have to answer the question:“What about the fact that bad things happen?How do we account for the fact that people do bad things?”Sentimental theorists claimed that evil deeds happen because people are led astray by bad influences.That is,people can be pressured,or seduced,or tricked into doing something wrong.And,uh,the other question that comes up in relation to sentimentality is:“If you are led astray,how can you be redeemed?Can you be brought back to your state of natural goodness?”What do you think?

MALE STUDENT:I think,yeah,if you think people are basically good,then you probably also think they can be,you know,brought back to being good again.

MALE PROFESSOR:That’s right.And they said you do this by appealing to a person’s natural instincts,trying to return them or connect them to their natural state,especially via the emotions.Making someone cry,then,could make them good again.Uh,picture,for example,uh,the evil villain,smirking at his latest,uh,robbery and theft,who happens to see a lost child,walking down the street,sobbing,and he starts to sniffle and cry and maybe his heart goes out to this,this lost child,and he wants to he the child and somehow he realizes that he’s been bad—or rather,been behaving badly—since according to sentimentalist theory,he was never truly bad to begin with.

Alright,that’s sort of the hallmark of sentimentality,and it’s what became the driving force behind sentimental comedies.

MALE STUDENT:I,I don’t get why they’re comedies—they don’t sound funny…

MALE PROFESSOR:You’re right,a sentimental comedy is not specifically funny.The goal isn’t to make the audience laugh;in fact,the goal’s to make the audience cry.Thus,a sentimental comedy will usually depict someone virtuous,but in some sort of distress.Perhaps a good virtuous man or woman who,who’s suffering financial hardships,and uh,we see them desperate for food,barely able to survive,tempted to,to rob someone.But they resist that temptation and still triumph in the end.And again,seeing this,the audience is expected to cry,and thus reconnect with their natural emotional state…

二、Sentimental Comedy托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在戲劇歷史課上聽講座的一部分。這個班正在討論18世紀(jì)在歐洲和美國的戲劇。

男教授：到目前為止，18世紀(jì)最流行的戲劇類型是傷感喜劇。現(xiàn)在，為了弄清楚什么是傷感喜劇，它從哪里來，為什么它在地球上如此流行，我們需要理解什么是傷情，作為一種哲學(xué)運(yùn)動。所以，呃，在18世紀(jì)，一些思想家、哲學(xué)家、政治理論家提出了感傷的概念。多愁善感的主要觀點(diǎn)是人天生善良，人天生善良。過去，在其他時(shí)候，有些人相信或聲稱男人和女人天生自私，或天生邪惡；在十七世紀(jì)，有一種非常流行的理論，被稱為“社會契約”，由托馬斯·霍布斯等思想家提出，認(rèn)為人天生自私…。嗯，另一方面，在十八世紀(jì)，與多愁善感相關(guān)的思想家出現(xiàn)了，他們說，不，不，人天生就是好人。是的，黛安，有問題嗎？

女學(xué)生：是的，很抱歉打斷一下，但是……為什么它叫第一個，呃，“社會契約”？為什么叫它？我的意思是，如果人們天生自私，這不是社交的反義詞嗎？

男教授：嗯。重點(diǎn)更多地放在合同部分。如果人們天生傾向于做符合自己利益的事情，那么，為了讓人們和平共處，你需要建立某種社會契約，一種協(xié)議——如果你不打我的頭，拿走我的東西，我不會打你的頭，我不會拿走你的東西……但是，在十八世紀(jì)，多愁善感的理論家們走了過來，說人天生善良。

女學(xué)生：如果你看晚間新聞，有時(shí)很難相信。

男教授：好的。如果你試圖辯稱人天生是好人，你就必須回答這個問題：“壞事發(fā)生的事實(shí)如何？我們?nèi)绾谓忉屓藗冏鰤氖碌氖聦?shí)？”感情用事的理論家聲稱，壞事之所以發(fā)生，是因?yàn)槿藗兪艿讲涣加绊懚`入歧途。也就是說，人們可能會受到壓力，或受到誘惑，或被騙做錯事。還有，呃，另一個與多愁善感有關(guān)的問題是：“如果你誤入歧途，你怎么能被救贖？你能回到你的自然善良狀態(tài)嗎？”你怎么認(rèn)為？

男學(xué)生：我認(rèn)為，是的，如果你認(rèn)為人們基本上是好的，那么你可能也認(rèn)為他們可以，你知道，重新變得好。

男教授：沒錯。他們說，要做到這一點(diǎn)，你需要吸引一個人的自然本能，試圖回報(bào)他們或?qū)⑺麄兣c自然狀態(tài)聯(lián)系起來，尤其是通過情感。那么，讓某人哭泣，可以讓他們重新振作起來。呃，舉個例子，這個邪惡的惡棍，對他最近的搶劫和偷竊行為嗤之以鼻，他碰巧看到一個迷路的孩子，在街上走著，哭泣著，他開始抽泣和哭泣，也許他的心都在為此，這個迷路的兒童，他想把孩子交給他，但不知何故，他意識到，根據(jù)感傷主義理論，自從那以后，他一直很壞，或者更確切地說，一直表現(xiàn)不好，他從一開始就不是真正的壞人。

好吧，這是多愁善感的標(biāo)志，也是多愁善覺喜劇背后的驅(qū)動力。

男學(xué)生：我，我不明白為什么它們聽起來不好笑…

男教授：你說得對，傷感喜劇并不特別有趣。目的不是讓觀眾發(fā)笑；事實(shí)上，目標(biāo)是讓觀眾哭泣。因此，一部傷感喜劇通常會描繪一個品德高尚，但卻有某種痛苦的人。也許是一個善良善良的男人或女人，他們正在遭受經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，嗯，我們看到他們渴望食物，幾乎無法生存，被誘惑，去搶劫。但他們抵制住了這種誘惑，并最終取得了勝利。再次，看到這一點(diǎn)，觀眾會哭，從而重新連接他們的自然情感狀態(tài)…

三、Sentimental Comedy托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Story elements that make comedies funny

B.A type of play that was popular in the past

C.Opposing theories about human nature

D.Theories about roles that people play in society

Q2:Why does the professor mention social contract theory?

A.To provide the historical setting for the development of sentimental theory

B.To give an example of a theory proposed by sentimental philosophers

C.To explain the basic concept underlying all sentimental comedies

D.To offer one explanation for the influence sentimental comedies had on society

Q3:According to the professor,what two questions did sentimental theorists need to answer about their theory?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Why do people do bad things?

B.How can people resist bad influences?

C.How is it possible for people to feel good when they do bad things?

D.Can people who do bad things become good again?

Q4:According to the professor,what is a typical sentimental comedy usually about?

A.A good person who tries to help others

B.A good person in a desperate situation

C.A person who encourages others to behave badly

D.A bad person who is punished in the end

Q5:What does the professor imply is the fundamental objective of sentimental comedies?

A.To make people aware of social problems

B.To remind people that money does not always bring happiness

C.To help people forget about their problems

D.To encourage people to be true to their inner nature

Q6.What does the professor imply when he says this?

A.Sentimental comedies preceded the development of sentimental theory.

B.Sentimental comedies were surprisingly funny.

C.It is difficult to understand why sentimental comedies were once so popular.

D.It is not known exactly where the first sentimental comedies were presented.

四、Sentimental Comedy托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：BC

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：AD

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：C

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