Animals and Environment托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Animals and Environment托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案， 今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個(gè)問題。

一、Animals and Environment托福紅Delta聽力原文：

Several hundred million years ago,a large body of water covered Manitoba.This ancient ocean was home to brachiopods,trilobites,and corals.As these organisms died,they settled in layers on the ocean floor,where they became compressed and cemented together,and over millions of years,turned into limestone.

Wherever you find limestone,you also find crevices,tunnels and caves.A network of caves is formed when acidic rainwater seeps into the layers of limestone through cracks at the surface and dissolves some of the limestone.The limestone weakens and collapses near the surface and further below,creating sinkholes,or large pits in the limestone.

The limestone pits in Manitoba’s Interlake region are like nothing else in the world.What makes these particular pits so unique?Well,for one thing,huge numbers of snakes migrate to these holes in the ground.If you go anywhere near the pits in the spring or fall,you’ll find the region alive with thousands of red-sided garter snakes.

This is the world’s largest concentration of snakes.Tens of thousands of these snakes congregate at the surface of their winter dens each year.They emerge in the spring after spending the winter hibernating in what are known as the“snake pits.”In the fall,the snakes return to the pits to prepare for winter.

And why are snakes drawn to the limestone pits?Well,the availability of winter dens in the limestone bedrock makes this sort of an ideal home.Like all reptiles,snakes are ectotherms.This means they warm their bodies mainly by absorbing heat from their environment.The pits are the perfect location for the hibernating snakes because they shelter the snakes from winter temperatures that sometimes dip as low as minus 40 degrees Celsius.

Animals interact with their environment in a number of ways—for example,by responding behaviorally or physiologically,or by adapting over evolutionary time.The migration of garter snakes to the limestone pits is an example of a behavioral mechanism for dealing with seasonal variations in temperature.Moving to a new location is an animal’s quickest response to an unfavorable change in the environment.By gathering in a mass below the frost line,the snakes are able to survive the harsh prairie winter.

Garter snakes have an optimal temperature for physiological function.They can,however,actually survive freezing temperatures for a short time—a few hours only—and at temperatures like minus-1 or minus-2 Celsius.They obviously can’t stay frozen all winter long,but to survive in cold climates,they’ve adapted to situations like being exposed to freezing temperatures outside their dens on cold nights in the spring or fall.This ability to endure short freezes will get them through till morning.

The beginning of freezing in their bodies is a physiological response that serves as a signal to the snakes.Freezing tells them to alter their behavior,to move and find a warmer place.This physiological-behavioral response might also be helpful in their winter dens because,if the den temperature falls too low and some snakes begin to freeze,it could be a signal for all the snakes to move to deeper,warmer parts of the den.

These response mechanisms are only marginal abilities that allow the snakes to cope with short-term freezes.About ten years ago,thousands of snakes died when they were trapped in shallower dens when the frost line fell during an extended period of freezing temperatures.They were apparently not able to get to lower depths in time.

二、Animals and Environment托福紅Delta聽力中文翻譯：

數(shù)億年前，曼尼托巴省被一大片水域所覆蓋。這片古老的海洋是腕足動物、三葉蟲和珊瑚的家園。當(dāng)這些生物死亡時(shí)，它們在海底分層定居，在那里它們被壓縮并粘合在一起，經(jīng)過數(shù)百萬年的時(shí)間，變成了石灰?guī)r。

無論你在哪里找到石灰?guī)r，你都會發(fā)現(xiàn)裂縫、隧道和洞穴。酸性雨水通過地表裂縫滲入石灰?guī)r層，溶解部分石灰?guī)r，形成洞穴網(wǎng)絡(luò)。石灰?guī)r在地表附近和更深的地方變?nèi)鹾退?，在石灰?guī)r中形成落水洞或大坑。

馬尼托巴省因特拉克地區(qū)的石灰石礦坑與世界上其他任何地方都不一樣。是什么讓這些特殊的坑如此獨(dú)特？嗯，首先，大量的蛇遷移到地上的這些洞里。如果你在春天或秋天去深坑附近的任何地方，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)地區(qū)有成千上萬條紅邊吊襪帶蛇。

這是世界上最大的蛇集中地。每年有數(shù)以萬計(jì)的這種蛇聚集在它們冬季巢穴的表面。它們在被稱為“蛇坑”的地方冬眠后，于春季出現(xiàn)秋天，蛇回到坑里準(zhǔn)備過冬。

為什么蛇會被吸引到石灰?guī)r坑里？嗯，石灰?guī)r基巖中的冬季巢穴使這里成為一個(gè)理想的家園。像所有爬行動物一樣，蛇也是低溫動物。這意味著它們主要通過吸收環(huán)境中的熱量來溫暖身體。這些坑是冬眠蛇的最佳位置，因?yàn)樗鼈兡鼙Ｗo(hù)蛇免受冬季溫度的影響，有時(shí)溫度會低至零下40攝氏度。

動物以多種方式與環(huán)境相互作用，例如，通過行為或生理反應(yīng)，或通過進(jìn)化適應(yīng)。加特蛇向石灰?guī)r坑的遷移是處理溫度季節(jié)變化的行為機(jī)制的一個(gè)例子。遷移到新的地點(diǎn)是動物對環(huán)境不利變化的最快反應(yīng)。通過在霜凍線以下聚集，蛇能夠在嚴(yán)酷的草原冬天存活下來。

加特蛇有一個(gè)最適合生理功能的溫度。然而，它們實(shí)際上可以在零下1攝氏度或零下2攝氏度這樣的溫度下短時(shí)間存活（僅數(shù)小時(shí)）。很明顯，它們不能在整個(gè)冬天都保持冰凍狀態(tài)，但為了在寒冷的氣候中生存，它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了這樣的情況，比如在春天或秋天的寒冷夜晚暴露在巢穴外的冰凍溫度下。這種忍受短期冰凍的能力將使他們撐到早晨。

它們體內(nèi)開始凍結(jié)是一種生理反應(yīng)，作為向蛇發(fā)出的信號。冰凍讓他們改變自己的行為，搬家，找一個(gè)溫暖的地方。這種生理行為反應(yīng)可能對它們的冬季巢穴也有幫助，因?yàn)槿绻惭囟冉档锰停恍┥唛_始結(jié)冰，這可能是所有蛇向巢穴更深、更溫暖的地方移動的信號。

這些反應(yīng)機(jī)制只是允許蛇應(yīng)對短期冰凍的邊緣能力。大約十年前，數(shù)千條蛇被困在較淺的巢穴中死亡，當(dāng)時(shí)霜凍線在較長時(shí)間的冰凍期內(nèi)下降。他們顯然無法及時(shí)到達(dá)較低的深度。

三、Animals and Environment托福紅Delta聽力問題：

Q1:What is the main purpose of the lecture?

A.To trace the natural history of Manitoba’s Interlake region

B.To describe the process of limestone formation

C.To explain how one animal survives in its environment

D.To persuade students that snakes are not dangerous

Q2:What natural features of Manitoba does theprofessor discuss?

Click on two answers.

A.The large number of lakes

B.The network of limestone caves

C.The concentration of garter snakes

D.The variety of snake species

Q3:Why does the professor say this:

A.To praise the area’s beautiful winter scenery

B.To persuade students to build their own homes

C.To describe the most common use of limestone

D.To explain why so many snakes live in the region

Q4:How do the garter snakes deal with seasonal variations in temperature?

A.They grow an extra layer of skin in winter and shed it in summer.

B.They survive by migrating toward the south every winter.

C.They move into the limestone pits to escape winter temperatures.

D.They vary their food intake to maintain a constant body temperature.

Q5:What does the professor mean when he says this:

A.The snakes come out of their dens every morning.

B.The snakes can survive a night of freezing temperatures.

C.The snakes will stay frozen until all danger has passed.

D.The snakes are least active during the night.

Q6:What does the professor imply about the behavior of the snakes?

A.The snakes’behavior is a warning signal to other animals.

B.Temperature plays an important role in the snakes’behavior.

C.Scientists can observe the snakes’behavior in their winter dens.

D.The snakes are able to learn a variety of behavioral responses.

四、Animals and Environment托福紅Delta聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：BC

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：B

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