托福tpo63聽(tīng)力lecture1 geology class原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

托福tpo63聽(tīng)力lecture1 geology class，那么接下來(lái)就跟著中國(guó)教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。

geology class托福聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

一、geology class托福聽(tīng)力原文：

Listen to part of a lecture in a geology class.

Professor:OK.Before we begin,I wanna remind you that our field trip to Bryce canyon national park is this weekend.Remember the bus leaves early,five am,so don't forget to set your alarm clocks.I think you're all gonna enjoy getting out of the classroom and actually seeing some remarkable geologic phenomena.Now,while we're there,I want you to pay particular attention to two things.One obviously will be the sediment layers making up the rocks,since we've spent so much time on sedimentary rocks.Bryce canyon is a great place to see how millions of years have turned layers and layers of tightly packed sediment,mud particles,sand remains of plants and animals into rock.But you're also gonna see some fascinating rock shapes,formations that are the result of the weathering and the erosion processes that occur at Bryce canyon.

There are two main processes that are important.The first one is a weathering process called frost wedge.Frost wedge a process that widens cracks in rocks in the wintertime.It begins with warm air or daytime sun melting the snow.As the snow turns into water,it seeps into the cracks that occur naturally in sedimentary rocks.At night,this water freezes in the cracks,but when water freezes,it expands quite a bit,which means that it prize cracks open,gradually,making them wider and breaking off a little bits in the process.Now,this thought freeze cycle can happen as many as two hundred times in a single year.So that makes it the most important weathering process at Bryce canyon.

The other key processes is runoff,which is an erosion process.Runoff takes place in the summer.The parks in the desert said the grounds very dry.When it rains in late summer,the ground is too hard to absorb the water,so it runs off.And as it runs off,it carries away the gravel,the broken bits of rock created by cross wedge in the winter.So runoff is the main erosion process that alters the rock landscape in the park.And because these processes have occurred over thousands of years,some of the results can be pretty dramatic,like the giant corridors are passage ways that have developed within the rocks.These passage ways are known as slot canyons.

Here's an example of one,not from the part we're going to.This one is actually in Australia,but the scale is typical.So these huge spaces started out as small cracks throughout the sedimentary rock,then thanks to millions of cycles across wedge and runoff.What used to be one big area of rock is now sort of two smaller areas of brought with the corridor in between.We'll have a chance to walk through some like this.These slot canyons are great places to explore,but let me just say,for any of you who aren't from around here,if you ever go on your own,make sure you check a weather forecast first.A sudden heavy rain can cause a flash flood in a slot canyon.So you want to know when it's safe to explore them.

Unfortunately,it'll be dry this weekend.Now,these deep,narrow slots are pretty common.You might even have two of them very close to each other with only a thin wall of rock in between.Of course,frost wedge is still at work,so it starts wearing away at the front of the thin wall until you get a whole I mean a hole all the way through the wall,front to back.And this hole gets bigger and bigger.Once it's at least one meter in diameter,it's called a window.And eventually the weight on top of it is just too much,so the roof caves in and only the sides,sometimes it's just one side is left standing.These sides,which look a lot like collins,now are called Hudos.Here's a photo of something we'll be seeing.One of the things that makes Bryce canyon unique is that it has more Hudos than anywhere else in the world.Yes,Margot?

Female student:Why is it so lumpy looking?You'd think it would be smoother.

Professor:Well,remember,these are sedimentary rocks,so they have layers.Some layers are mostly limestone,and limestone erodes pretty quickly in the presence of any kind of acid.Now Bryce canyon in a very unpolluted area,but even,there the rain water has a little carbolic acid in it,which causes the limestone to erode.But other layers are made up of different types of sediment,which aren't so vulnerable to acid,so they don't erode as quickly.

二、geology class托福聽(tīng)力中文翻譯：

在地質(zhì)學(xué)課上聽(tīng)講座的一部分。

教授：好的。在開(kāi)始之前，我想提醒你，我們的布萊斯峽谷國(guó)家公園實(shí)地考察是這個(gè)周末。記住公共汽車早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，早上五點(diǎn)，所以別忘了設(shè)置鬧鐘。我想你們都會(huì)喜歡走出教室，真正看到一些非凡的地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象。現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)我們?cè)谀抢锏臅r(shí)候，我希望你們特別注意兩件事。其中一個(gè)顯然是構(gòu)成巖石的沉積層，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)诔练e巖上花費(fèi)了太多時(shí)間。布萊斯峽谷是一個(gè)很好的地方，可以看到數(shù)百萬(wàn)年來(lái)如何將一層層緊密堆積的沉積物、泥粒、動(dòng)植物的沙子殘骸變成巖石。但你也會(huì)看到一些迷人的巖石形狀，形成的風(fēng)化和侵蝕過(guò)程，發(fā)生在布萊斯峽谷。

有兩個(gè)重要的主要過(guò)程。第一種是一種叫做霜楔的風(fēng)化過(guò)程。霜凍楔是一種在冬季使巖石裂縫變寬的過(guò)程。它開(kāi)始于溫暖的空氣或白天的陽(yáng)光融化了雪。當(dāng)雪變成水時(shí)，它會(huì)滲入沉積巖中自然形成的裂縫。晚上，這些水在裂縫中結(jié)冰，但當(dāng)水結(jié)冰時(shí)，它會(huì)膨脹相當(dāng)大，這意味著它會(huì)使裂縫逐漸張開(kāi)，使它們變得更寬，并在這個(gè)過(guò)程中斷開(kāi)一些?，F(xiàn)在，這種思想凍結(jié)周期可能在一年內(nèi)發(fā)生多達(dá)200次。這使得它成為布萊斯峽谷最重要的風(fēng)化過(guò)程。

另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵過(guò)程是徑流，這是一個(gè)侵蝕過(guò)程。徑流發(fā)生在夏季。沙漠中的公園說(shuō)地面非常干燥。夏末下雨時(shí)，地面太硬，無(wú)法吸收水分，因此會(huì)流失。當(dāng)流失時(shí)，它會(huì)帶走礫石，即冬季楔橫坡形成的碎石。因此，徑流是改變公園巖石景觀的主要侵蝕過(guò)程。由于這些過(guò)程已經(jīng)發(fā)生了數(shù)千年，有些結(jié)果可能非常引人注目，比如巨大的走廊是巖石內(nèi)部形成的通道。這些通道被稱為狹縫峽谷。

這里有一個(gè)例子，不是我們要講的那部分。這個(gè)實(shí)際上是在澳大利亞，但規(guī)模是典型的。因此，這些巨大的空間開(kāi)始于沉積巖中的小裂縫，然后由于楔塊和徑流的數(shù)百萬(wàn)次循環(huán)。過(guò)去是一大塊巖石的地方，現(xiàn)在有兩小塊巖石，中間是走廊。我們將有機(jī)會(huì)經(jīng)歷這樣的經(jīng)歷。這些狹長(zhǎng)的峽谷是探索的好地方，但我想說(shuō)的是，對(duì)于你們中的任何一個(gè)不是從這里來(lái)的人來(lái)說(shuō)，如果你自己去的話，一定要先查看天氣預(yù)報(bào)。突如其來(lái)的大雨可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致狹長(zhǎng)峽谷的山洪暴發(fā)。所以你想知道什么時(shí)候可以安全地探索它們。

不幸的是，這個(gè)周末會(huì)很干燥。現(xiàn)在，這些深而窄的槽非常常見(jiàn)。你甚至可能有兩個(gè)非常接近的地方，中間只有一層薄薄的巖石。當(dāng)然，霜楔仍然在工作，所以它開(kāi)始在薄壁的前面磨損，直到你得到一個(gè)完整的我的意思是一個(gè)貫穿整個(gè)墻壁的洞，從前面到后面。這個(gè)洞越來(lái)越大。一旦它的直徑至少達(dá)到一米，它就被稱為窗戶。最終，它頂部的重量太重了，所以屋頂塌陷了，只有側(cè)面，有時(shí)只有一側(cè)還沒(méi)有倒塌。這些面看起來(lái)很像柯林斯，現(xiàn)在被稱為胡多斯。這是一張我們將要看到的東西的照片。布萊斯峽谷的獨(dú)特之處之一是，它的胡多斯河比世界上任何其他地方都多。是的，瑪格特？

女學(xué)生：為什么它看起來(lái)這么凹凸不平？你會(huì)認(rèn)為這會(huì)更順利。

教授：記住，這些是沉積巖，所以它們有層。有些巖層主要是石灰石，石灰石在任何酸的存在下都會(huì)很快腐蝕?，F(xiàn)在布萊斯峽谷位于一個(gè)非常未受污染的地區(qū)，但即使在那里，雨水中也含有少量石炭酸，這會(huì)導(dǎo)致石灰石受到侵蝕。但其他地層是由不同類型的沉積物組成的，這些沉積物不易受酸的侵蝕，所以不會(huì)很快被侵蝕。

三、geology class托福聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題：

Q1:What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The length of time required to produce sedimentary rocks

B.The role of climate conditions in the creation of sedimentary rocks

C.Some processes that produced a specific group of rock formations

D.Some unique geologic features found in canyons in the United States

Q2:According to the professor,what is one characteristic that frost wedging and runoff share?

A.Neither occurs in a desert.

B.Neither is a frequent event.

C.Both are weathering processes.

D.Both are seasonal phenomena.

Q3:Why does the professor show a picture of a slot canyon?

A.To give students a sense of the size of a typical slot canyon

B.To show students one of the places they will visit on their field trip

C.To illustrate how many sediment layers are visible in a typical slot canyon

D.To show how much slot canyons can vary based on local climate conditions

Q4:What is the professor's attitude toward students exploring Bryce Canyon on their own?

A.He worries that students may not know to take appropriate precautions if they go by themselves.

B.He suspects that many students will not go on their own if such a trip requires them to get up early.

C.He hopes that the class field trip will motivate students to visit Bryce Canyon on their own.

D.He believes that students learn more from individual exploration than they do from being in a group.

Q5:How is a hoodoo formed?

A.Runoff produces large gravel deposits.

B.Air pollution leads to a buildup of limestone.

C.The roof of a rock window collapses.

D.A flash flood washes away the base of a rock wall.

四、geology class托福聽(tīng)力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：D

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：A

A5:正確答案：C

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