albatross托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

albatross托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、albatross托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Now usually when we talk about birds flying long distances,we're discussing seasonal migration.But there're some species that fly long distances not as part of a migration,but as a part of their regular foraging for food.A great example's the albatross.

Albatross are seabirds that nest on islands,and uh,and forage for food out in the open sea.And you have one species that forages an average of a thousand miles from its nest.And I read in another study where one albatross left a chick in its nest and went out in search of food,and by the time it got back to the nest,it had flown nine thousand miles.Yes,Bob.

MALE STUDENT:Um.…but why don’t they just build their nests closer to their food supply?I mean,for one thing,they must burn up a lot of energy flying back and forth,and also,if the parents’re gonna have to be away from the nest that much,aren't the chicks going to be pretty hungry most of the time?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:OK,good question.The chicks are capable of going for long periods of time without food,which works out nicely since,as you point out,they may not get to eat that often.

As far as the parents go,well,um,first,they typically can't get enough food in a single location.So they have to visit several places on the same foraging trip,and the locations of good foraging grounds tend to be very far apart.

Uh second,they can't always nest on an island that's closest to the best feeding ground because some of those islands have too many predators on them—predators that would just love some little chicks to snack on.So I don't think they have much choice.

But it still works out,because albatross fly using a technique called“dynamic soaring,”which enables them to cover very long distances while expending very little energy.If it weren’t for that,you'd be right—they would probably burn up all their energy just flying back and forth.

Another factor is,albatross lay only one egg at a time,so when the parent returns with the food,that one chick doesn’t have to share it with a lot of other chicks.Yes,Nancy.

FEMALE STUDENT:So you're saying that they might easily fly a thousand miles over the open ocean when they’re looking for food.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:That's right.

FEMALE STUDENT:Then how do they know how to get to the food—I mean,which direction to take to get to the food—and how do they find their way back home?

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Good point.And the truth is,we’re not sure.It's very difficult to keep seabirds in captivity,where you can study them,and it’s very difficult to study them in the wild,you know.But we think that a lot of what we’ve learned about songbirds probably applies to seabirds as well.So we're thinking that albatross could make use of two different kinds of“compasses,”if you will:a magnetic compass and a celestial compass.

The magnetic compass somehow makes use of Earth's magnetic field,much the way a standard compass does.But to prove this,we would have to find some kind of magnetic sensory organ in birds.And we're not sure that we have.We…we have found in birds a mineral called magnetite,which we think might be somehow related to this,because magnetite is a natural magnet.But the problem is that we’ve also found magnetite in nonmigratory birds,which suggests that it may in fact serve a completely different function,not related to navigation at all.

Um,and the other“compass,”the celestial compass,makes use of the stars,more or less the same way humans have historically used the stars to navigate in the open sea…So that’s the way we think albatross navigate…

So anyway…You know,think about it,how about if you had to go a thousand miles every time you wanted to get a bite to eat?

FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah,and we complain about having to walk all the way across campus to get to the cafeteria.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:Yeah.

二、albatross托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：聽生物課上的一節(jié)課。

女教授：現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)我們談?wù)擑B類長距離飛行時，我們通常討論的是季節(jié)性遷徙。但有些物種長途飛行不是作為遷徙的一部分，而是作為它們定期覓食的一部分。信天翁就是一個很好的例子。

信天翁是在島嶼上筑巢的海鳥，呃，在公海覓食。有一個物種平均在離巢穴一千英里的地方覓食。我在另一項研究中讀到，一只信天翁把一只小雞留在巢里，出去尋找食物，當(dāng)它回到巢里時，已經(jīng)飛了九千英里。是的，鮑勃。

男學(xué)生：嗯。…但它們?yōu)槭裁床辉谑澄锕?yīng)附近筑巢呢？我的意思是，首先，它們必須在來回飛行時消耗大量能量，而且，如果父母不得不離開巢穴那么久，小雞們大部分時間不會很餓嗎？

女教授：好的，好問題。小雞能夠長時間不進食，這很好，因為正如你所指出的，它們可能不會經(jīng)常進食。

就父母而言，首先，他們通常無法在一個地方獲得足夠的食物。因此，它們必須在同一次覓食旅行中訪問幾個地方，而好的覓食場所往往相距很遠。

其次，它們不可能總是在離最好的覓食地最近的島上筑巢，因為這些島上有太多的食肉動物。食肉動物只喜歡吃一些小雞。所以我認(rèn)為它們沒有太多選擇。

但它仍然有效，因為信天翁使用一種稱為“動態(tài)飛翔”的技術(shù)飛行，這種技術(shù)使信天翁能夠在花費很少能量的情況下飛行很長的距離。如果不是這樣的話，你是對的，它們可能會在來回飛行時耗盡所有能量。

另一個因素是，信天翁一次只產(chǎn)一個蛋，所以當(dāng)父母帶著食物回來時，一只小雞不必與其他許多小雞分享。是的，南希。

女學(xué)生：那么你是說它們在尋找食物的時候可能很容易在公海上空飛行一千英里。

女教授：沒錯。

女學(xué)生：那他們怎么知道怎么去吃——我的意思是，去吃的方向是什么，他們怎么回家？

女教授：很好。事實是，我們不確定。圈養(yǎng)海鳥是很困難的，在那里你可以研究它們，在野外研究它們也是很困難的。但我們認(rèn)為，我們對鳴禽的許多了解可能也適用于海鳥。所以我們認(rèn)為信天翁可以使用兩種不同的“羅盤”，如果你愿意的話：磁羅盤和天體羅盤。

磁羅盤以某種方式利用了地球的磁場，就像標(biāo)準(zhǔn)羅盤一樣。但為了證明這一點，我們必須在鳥類中找到某種磁性感覺器官。我們不確定我們有。我們…我們在鳥類中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種叫做磁鐵礦的礦物，我們認(rèn)為這可能與此有關(guān)，因為磁鐵礦是一種天然磁鐵。但問題是我們在非遷徙鳥類中也發(fā)現(xiàn)了磁鐵礦，這表明它實際上可能具有完全不同的功能，與導(dǎo)航無關(guān)。

嗯，另一個“指南針”，天體指南針，利用恒星，或多或少與人類歷史上利用恒星在公海中導(dǎo)航的方式相同…所以我們認(rèn)為信天翁就是這樣導(dǎo)航的…

所以不管怎么說…你知道，想想看，如果每次你想吃東西的時候都要走一千英里，怎么樣？

女學(xué)生：是的，我們抱怨要走一路穿過校園才能到達自助餐廳。

女教授：是的。

三、albatross托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Long-distance seasonal migration of seabirds

B.Two major ways that seabirds navigate

C.A seabird that flies far in search of food

D.Reasons why seabirds often live on islands

Q2:2.According to the professor,what influences an albatross's choice of an island for nesting?

A.Air currents near the island

B.Availability of food on the island

C.Predators inhabiting the island

D.The number of albatross already nesting on the island

Q3:3.According to the professor,what helps albatross chicks survive despite the fact that their parents have to fly such long distances to find food?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Albatross raise only one chick at a time.

B.Albatross forage only for foods that are exceptionally rich in nutrients.

C.Albatross store large quantities of food in the nest.

D.Albatross chicks are adapted to tolerate long intervals without food.

Q4:4.What does the professor imply about theories that explain how albatross navigate?

A.They are based on studies of seabirds in captivity.

B.They are based on observation of albatross in the wild.

C.They are guesses that are not based on any evidence about birds.

D.They have not been confirmed by studies of albatross themselves.

Q5:5.According to the professor,why do some biologists doubt that magnetite helps birds navigate?

A.Its magnetic properties are quite weak.

B.It is found in young birds that cannot fly yet.

C.It is found in all albatross species.

D.It is in birds that do not migrate.

Q6:6.Why does the professor say this:(Professor)You know,think about it,how about if you had to go a thousand miles every time you wanted to get a bite to eat?

A.To emphasize how wasteful the albatross behavior is

B.To encourage students to reflect on how impressive the albatross behavior is

C.To signal that she is about to introduce a new topic

D.To find out whether the students have understood her explanations

四、albatross托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：AD

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：B

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