Arch 托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Arch 托福紅Delta聽力原文翻譯及問題答案， 今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

一、Arch 托福紅Delta聽力原文：

W:An arch is the spanning of a wall opening by means of separate units,such as bricks or blocks,which are assembled into an upward curve.The invention of the arch made it possible to span wide openings without large timbers.Before the arch,large window and door openings required a large wooden timber,and a supply of large trees.The arch was very important in regions where there were few large trees.The Babylonians,Egyptians,and Etruscans all used the arch,and it was later adopted by the Romans.The arch became a basic principle in the Roman system of construction in brick and concrete.The Romans contributed a lot to the development of architecture,especially its engineering aspects.They perfected a system of arch and vault construction.As a result,a larger variety of buildings appeared,each with a form suited to its function.The Roman approach to the building arts was always practical.The Romans undertook huge public work projects,including a network of bridges and aqueducts,all of which utilized the arch.To supply their vast public baths and fill the water needs of their citizens,they needed water in large amounts for their cities.Using their considerable engineering skills,the Romans built aqueducts so sturdy that many are still standing.The Roman semi-circular arch is the most common and most elementary type of arch.It was made by taking wedge-shaped blocks—large bricks with angled sides—and placing them side by side,forming an upward curving,semi-circular opening.The block at the highest point—the center of the arch—is called the keystone.The keystone is the most important block because it holds the other blocks in place.The keystone locks the other stones together.The round arch is extremely strong and stable.It’s primarily the wedge shape of the blocks that gives the arch its stability.The wedge-shaped blocks are locked together tightly,transferring their weight downward on either side.The arch is very sturdy and can support a heavy load.The arch is supported only from the sides.This is because of lateral thrust.The downward pressure is transformed into lateral thrust through the piers,the two vertical structures on either side of the opening.What I mean is,the...um...the weight of the arch and its load is converted from downward pressure into sideways—lateral—pressure.The massive piers that frame each side of the opening receive the pressure and therefore support the arch.Until the nineteenth century,arches were still widely used in public buildings in North America.However,the invention of steel beams in the nineteenth century—yes,did you have a question?

M:Yes.I was wondering...um...what you said implies that we don’t see arches in public buildings anymore,I mean,in newer buildings.But what about the arches in our administration building,here on campus?It has lots of arches,and I’m pretty sure the building is fairly new.

W:I’m glad you mentioned our administration building because that’s a perfect illustration of the decorative arch.You see,behind all that beautiful brickwork is a system of steel beams.The beams are doing the real work of holding up the building.The brick arches are just for show.Steel beams for wide spans have reduced the arch to a mostly decorative function.And,as you can see in our administration building,decorative arches remain popular today.

二、Arch 托福紅Delta聽力中文翻譯：

W：拱是通過單獨的單元（如磚或砌塊）跨越墻洞，這些單元組裝成向上的曲線。拱的發(fā)明使得無需大木材就可以跨越寬開口。在拱門之前，大窗戶和門的開口需要大木料和大樹。拱門在大樹稀少的地區(qū)非常重要。巴比倫人、埃及人和伊特魯里亞人都使用拱門，后來被羅馬人采用。拱門成為羅馬磚混建筑體系的基本原則。羅馬人對建筑的發(fā)展做出了很大貢獻，尤其是在工程方面。他們完善了拱頂結構體系。因此，出現(xiàn)了各種各樣的建筑，每一種都有適合其功能的形式。羅馬人對建筑藝術的態(tài)度總是很實用的。羅馬人承擔了巨大的公共工程項目，包括橋梁和渡槽網(wǎng)絡，所有這些都利用了拱門。為了供應他們龐大的公共浴室并滿足市民的用水需求，他們需要大量的水來供應城市用水。羅馬人利用其高超的工程技術，建造了堅固的渡槽，許多渡槽至今仍屹立不倒。羅馬半圓拱是最常見、最基本的拱型。它是由楔形塊和棱角形的大磚塊并排放置而成，形成一個向上彎曲的半圓開口。位于拱門中心最高點的石塊稱為基石。keystone是最重要的塊，因為它將其他塊固定在適當?shù)奈恢?。keystone將其他石頭鎖在一起。圓拱非常堅固和穩(wěn)定。主要是塊體的楔形使拱門具有穩(wěn)定性。楔形塊緊密鎖定在一起，將其重量向下轉移到兩側。拱門非常堅固，可以承受重載。拱門僅從側面支撐。這是因為側向推力。向下的壓力通過橋墩轉化為側向推力，橋墩是開口兩側的兩個垂直結構。我的意思是。。。嗯。。。拱的重量及其荷載從向下壓力轉換為側向壓力。支撐開口兩側的巨大橋墩承受壓力，從而支撐拱門。直到十九世紀，拱門仍然廣泛應用于北美的公共建筑中。然而，十九世紀鋼梁的發(fā)明是的，你有問題嗎？

M：是的。我在想。。。嗯。。。你所說的意味著我們在公共建筑中再也看不到拱門了，我的意思是，在新的建筑中。但是我們行政大樓的拱門呢，在校園里？它有很多拱門，我敢肯定這座建筑是相當新的。

W：我很高興你提到我們的行政大樓，因為那是裝飾拱門的完美例證。你看，在所有漂亮的磚墻后面是一個鋼梁系統(tǒng)。橫梁起著支撐建筑物的真正作用。磚砌拱門只是為了炫耀。大跨度的鋼梁將拱門簡化為一種主要的裝飾功能。而且，正如你在我們的行政大樓中看到的那樣，裝飾性拱門在今天仍然很受歡迎。

三、Arch 托福紅Delta聽力問題：

Q1:According to the professor,why was the arch an important development in architecture?

Click on two answers.

A.The arch made Rome the greatest power on Earth.

B.Wide openings could be spanned without using wood.

C.There was no formal architecture before the arch.

D.The arch led to a larger variety of buildings.

Q2:What does the professor imply about the publicworks projects of the Romans?

A.The arch contributed to the success of these projects.

B.The Romans were the first society to work on large projects.

C.Each project developed a different style of architecture.

D.The projects benefited only the wealthy citizens of Rome.

Q3:Identify the keystone in the drawing of the arch.

A.A

B.B

C.C

D.D

Q4:What reason is given for the stability of the arch?

A.A concrete foundation supports the arch.

B.The arch is built with wedge-shaped blocks.

C.The Romans made a strong type of concrete.

D.The pressure flows up to the keystone.

Q5:Why does the professor say this:

A.To describe the shape of the arch

B.To define the concept of lateral thrust

C.To compare two types of physical force

D.To explain why arches must be large

Q6:

According to the professor,why are arches that are built today mostly decorative in function?

A.Wedge-shaped blocks have become rare.

B.Decorative arches provide work for bricklayers.

C.Few architects like ancient construction techniques.

D.Wide openings are now spanned with steel beams.

四、Arch 托福紅Delta聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：BD

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：B

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：D

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