雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析-Man or Machine

雅思閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)真題解析-Man or Machine

ADuring July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda calls 'the world's most advanced humanoid robot', AS1MO (the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). Honda's brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and looks like a child in an astronaut's suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO's face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two large eyes' that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously - its actions are 'remote controlled' by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. After the show, a number of people told me that they would like robots to play more of a role in daily life - one even said that the robot would be like 'another person'.

BWhile the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human kinetics (n.動(dòng)力學(xué)) and bipedal (adj. 兩足動(dòng)物的)movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT's former Artificial Intelligence (Al) lab (recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL) have been making robots that can behave like humans and interact with humans. One of MITs robots, Kismet, is an anthropomorphic (adj.擬人的) head and has two eyes (complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read some of the robot's facial expressions, and often change their behavior towards the machine as a result - for example, playing with it when it appears ‘sad’. Kismet is now in MIT’s museum, but the ideas developed here continue to be explored in new robots.

CCog (short for Cognition) is another pioneering project from MIT’s former AI lab. Cog has a head, eyes, two arms, hands and a torso (n.軀干) - and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, and to learn through these types of interactions.

DMIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine - because it is unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT’s CSAIL and media lab, however, are beginning to do this.

EThese are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from everyday tasks. In japan, for example, there is an aim to create robots that can do the tasks similar to an average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes – partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an ageing population.

FSuch robots say much about the way in which we view humanity, and they bring out the best and worst of us. On one hand, these developments express human creativity - our ability to invent, experiment, and to extend our control over the world. On the other hand, the aim to create a robot like a human being is spurred on by dehumanized ideas - by the sense that human companionship can be substituted by machines; that humans lose their humanity when they interact with technology; or that we are little more than surface and ritual behaviors, that can be simulated with metal and electrical circuits.

Questions 1-6

Reading passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.

Which paragraph contains the following information?

Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.

NB you may use any letter more than once

1 different ways of using robots

2 a robot whose body has the same proportion as that of an adult

3 the fact that human can be copied and replaced by robots

4 a comparison between ASIMO from Honda and other robots

5 the pros and cons of creating robots

6 a robot that has eyebrows

Questions 7-13

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.

In 2003, Massachusetts displayed a robot named ASIMO which was invented by Honda, after a period of 7 in the making. The operating information is stored in the computer in its 8 so that scientists can control ASIMO's movement. While Japan is making great progress, MIT is developing robots that are human-like and can 9 humans. What is special about Kismet is that it has different 10 which can be read by human interlocutors. 11 is another robot from MIT, whose body's proportion is the same as an adult. By responding to the surroundings through 12 ,it could develop its 13 .

試題分析

Question 1-13

題目類型：Information in relevant paragraph

定位詞文中對應(yīng)點(diǎn)題目解析

1Different ways E段第4句E段開頭就引出創(chuàng)造機(jī)器人的成就, 隨后并提出這些成就有一定的發(fā)展空間, 直到第四句說明這些類人機(jī)器人have a plethora of uses,用途多樣. 因此答案為E

2The same proportion

...adultC段第2句C段第2句提到cog has a head...and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. 表明該機(jī)器人是按照成年人人體比例創(chuàng)造的, 因此答案為C

3Copied replacedF段第3句F段第三句the aim to create...by the sense human...can be substituted..., that can be simulated 都表示人類可被機(jī)器等取代.因此答案為F

4Comparison

ASIMO... Pther robotsD段第2,3句D段第2句指出ASIMO is...but not an intelligent machine,because it is unable to...learn from experience.第3句又表明robots like...however, are beginning to do this. 體現(xiàn)出其他機(jī)器人能做到ASIMO所不能做到的自發(fā)學(xué)習(xí). 因此答案為D

5Pros and consF段第1句F段開頭指出這些機(jī)器人證明了我們看待人性的方式, bring out the best and worst of us.這半句話體現(xiàn)出創(chuàng)造機(jī)器人的利與弊. 因此答案為F

6eyebrowsB段倒數(shù)第4句B段倒數(shù)第四句提到one of MIT’S robots is...and has two eyes...and eyebrows. 因此答案B

Question7-13 Summary from Reading Passage

summary參考解題思路: 先跳開空格把該段通讀一遍, 了解大意, 發(fā)現(xiàn)總體是按照文章段落順序概括的. (如有所遺忘, 再看原文各段段首句, 大概知道各句在文章的相應(yīng)段落)

解析: 第1句和第2句對應(yīng)文章A段, 根據(jù)after a period of 7___in the making定位該段第3句, 答案為17 years. 然后根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第四句its action are...controlled by scientists through...in its backpack.可以判斷8答案為backpack. 該題第3, 4句對應(yīng)文章B段, MIT is inventing robots...with the ability to 8___humans定位該段第2句behave like humans and interact with humans.可以判斷9答案為interact with. 根據(jù)Kismet ...has various...by human interlocutors定位原文倒數(shù)第2句human interlocutors are able to read some of the robots’ facial expressions得出10答案為facial expressions. 第5,6句對應(yīng)原文C段, robot from MIT，proportion定位該段第1, 2句得出11答案為Cog/cognition. 最后根據(jù)該段最后一句getting a robot to develop intelligence via sensors判斷12答案為sensors, 13 答案為intelligence.

參考答案：

Version 17203 主題 仿生小機(jī)器人

1E 2C 3F

4D 5F 6B

7 17 years  8backpack  9interact with

10 facial expressions 11Cog/Cognition 12sensors

13 intelligence

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