Stained Glass Art托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Stained Glass Art托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Stained Glass Art托福聽力原文：

Narrator:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.

Male professor:Ok,now,um,a,a sort of paradigmatic art form of the Middle Ages was stained glass art.Stained glass,of course,is,is simply glass that has been colored and uh cut into pieces and reassembled to form a picture or,or,decorative design.

To truly experience the beauty of this decorative glass,you,you should see it with light passing through it,uh,especially sunlight.Which is why stained glass is usually used for windows,but of course it has other uses,especially nowadays.Um anyway the art of making stained glass windows developed in Europe uh during the Middle Ages and was closely related to church building.

In the uh early 1100s,uh,a church–building method was developed that reduced the stress on the walls,so more space could be used for window openings—allowing for large and,and quite elaborate window designs.Uh back then the artists made their own glass,but first they came up with a design.Uh paper was scarce and expensive,so,so typically they drew the design onto uh a white tabletop.They’d draw the principal outline,but also outline the shape of each piece of glass to be used and uh indicate its color.

Now,uh,in the window itself,the pieces of glass would be held together by strips of lead,so,um,so in the drawing,the uh artist would also indicate the location of the lead strips.Uh then you could put uh a big piece of glass on the tabletop and and see the design right through it,and use it to uh to guide the cutting of the glass into smaller pieces.Male student:And the lead that was just to hold the pieces of glass together?

Male professor:Well,uh,lead is strong and,and flexible so it is ideal for joining pieces of glass cut in different shapes and sizes.Uh but up to the fifteenth century,the,uh the lead strips also helped create the design—they were worked into the window as,as part of the composition.Um they were used to outline figures,to,to show boundaries—just like you might use solid lines in a pencil drawing.Male student:How did they get the color…I mean how did they color the glass?Male professor:Well,up until the sixteenth century uh stained glass was colored during the glassmaking process itself.Uh you got specific colors by adding metallic compounds to the other glassmaking ingredients.So,uh if you wanted red,you,you added copper,if,if you wanted green,you added iron.You just added these compounds to the other ingredients that the glass was made of.Female student:So each piece of glass is just one color?

Male professor:Yes,um,at least up until the sixteenth century.uh then they started,um,you started to get painted glass.Uh painted glass windows are still referred to as“stained glass”but the colors were actually painted directly onto clear glass,after the glass was made.So um with this kind of stained glass,you could uh paint a piece of glass with more than one color.

Female student:And with painted glass,they still used the lead strips?

Male professor:Yes,uh,with really large windows,it took more than one piece of glass,so you still needed lead strips to hold the pieces together.But the painters actually tried to hide them.So it was different from before,when the lead strips were part of the design.And,and it’s different because with painted glass the idea of light coming through to create the uh,the magical effect wasn’t the focus anymore…

the paint work was.in,in the 19th century people started using them in private houses and,and public buildings.Unfortunately many of the original,stained glass windows were thought to be old–fashioned and…and they were actually destroyed,replaced by painted glass.Female student:They actually broke them?That showed good judgment,real foresight,didn’t it?

Male professor:Yes,if only they had known…um and it's not just that old stained glass is really valuable today;we lost possibly great artwork.Uh but luckily there was a revival of the early techniques in the mid–1800s,and,and artists went back to creating colored glass and using the lead strips in their designs.The effects are,are much more beautiful.In the nineteenth century uh Louis Tiffany came up with methods to create beautiful effects uh without having to paint the glass.He layered pieces of glass and used thin copper strips instead of lead.Which let him make these,these really intricate,flowery designs for stained glass.Which he used in,in lamp shades—you've heard of Tiffany lamp shades,right?These of course took advantage of the new innovation of electric lighting—

e–electric lightbulbs don't give quite the same effect as sunlight streaming through stained glass,but it's close.So uh layered glass,Tiffany glass,became very popular and still is today.So um,let's look at some examples of different types of stained glass from each era.

二、Stained Glass Art托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在藝術(shù)史課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

男教授：好的，現(xiàn)在，嗯，一種中世紀(jì)的范例藝術(shù)形式是彩色玻璃藝術(shù)。彩色玻璃，當(dāng)然，是，簡單地說，是一種經(jīng)過著色的玻璃，呃，切割成碎片，然后重新組裝成一幅畫或裝飾圖案。

要真正體驗這種裝飾玻璃的美麗，你，你應(yīng)該通過光線，尤其是陽光來看到它。這就是為什么彩色玻璃通常用于窗戶，但它當(dāng)然有其他用途，尤其是在今天。無論如何，制作彩色玻璃窗的藝術(shù)在中世紀(jì)的歐洲發(fā)展起來，與教堂建筑密切相關(guān)。

在11世紀(jì)早期，一種教堂建筑方法被開發(fā)出來，可以減少墻壁上的壓力，因此可以使用更多的空間來開窗戶，從而實現(xiàn)大而精致的窗戶設(shè)計。嗯，當(dāng)時藝術(shù)家們自己制作了玻璃，但首先他們提出了一個設(shè)計。呃，紙張稀缺且價格昂貴，所以，通常他們會將圖案繪制在白色桌面上。他們會畫出主要的輪廓，但也會畫出要使用的每一塊玻璃的形狀，并呃指出其顏色。

現(xiàn)在，呃，在窗戶本身，玻璃片將由鉛條連接在一起，所以，嗯，所以在圖紙中，呃藝術(shù)家也會指出鉛條的位置。嗯，然后你可以把一大塊玻璃放在桌面上，通過它看到設(shè)計，然后用它來引導(dǎo)把玻璃切成小塊。男學(xué)生：鉛就是用來把玻璃片粘在一起的嗎？

男教授：嗯，鉛很結(jié)實，很有彈性，所以它是連接不同形狀和尺寸的玻璃的理想材料。但是到了十五世紀(jì)，鉛條也幫助創(chuàng)造了設(shè)計，它們作為構(gòu)圖的一部分被放進了窗戶。嗯，它們被用來勾勒圖形，用來顯示邊界，就像你可能在鉛筆畫中使用實線一樣。男學(xué)生：他們是怎么得到顏色的……我是說他們是怎么給玻璃上色的？男教授：直到16世紀(jì)，彩色玻璃是在玻璃制造過程中著色的。嗯，通過在其他玻璃制造原料中添加金屬化合物，你得到了特定的顏色。如果你想要紅色，你就加銅，如果你想要綠色，你就加鐵。你只是把這些化合物添加到玻璃的其他成分中。女學(xué)生：那么每片玻璃都只有一種顏色？

男教授：是的，嗯，至少直到十六世紀(jì)。嗯，然后他們開始，嗯，你開始涂玻璃。呃，彩繪玻璃窗仍然被稱為“彩繪玻璃”，但實際上是在玻璃制作后直接在透明玻璃上繪制的顏色。用這種彩色玻璃，你可以把一塊玻璃涂成多種顏色。

女學(xué)生：對于彩繪玻璃，他們?nèi)匀皇褂勉U條？

男教授：是的，嗯，因為窗戶很大，需要不止一塊玻璃，所以你仍然需要鉛條來把這些玻璃連接在一起。但畫家們實際上試圖隱藏它們。因此，這與以前不同，當(dāng)時鉛條是設(shè)計的一部分。而且，這是不同的，因為與繪畫玻璃的想法，光通過創(chuàng)造嗯，神奇的效果是不是重點了…

油漆工作是。19世紀(jì)，人們開始在私人住宅和公共建筑中使用它們。不幸的是，許多原來的彩色玻璃窗被認(rèn)為是老式的，而且……它們實際上被摧毀了，取而代之的是彩繪玻璃。女學(xué)生：他們真的弄壞了嗎？這表明了良好的判斷力和真正的遠見，不是嗎？

男教授：是的，如果他們知道的話……嗯，不僅僅是舊的彩色玻璃今天真的很值錢；我們失去了可能很棒的藝術(shù)品。嗯，但幸運的是，早期技術(shù)在19世紀(jì)中期得到了復(fù)興，藝術(shù)家們又開始創(chuàng)作彩色玻璃，并在設(shè)計中使用鉛條。效果更漂亮。在十九世紀(jì)，路易斯·蒂芙尼提出了一些方法來創(chuàng)造美麗的效果，不用在玻璃上作畫。他把玻璃片分層，用薄銅帶代替鉛。這讓他為彩色玻璃做了這些，這些非常復(fù)雜，華麗的設(shè)計。他用在燈罩里，你聽說過蒂芙尼燈罩吧？這些當(dāng)然利用了電力照明的新創(chuàng)新-

e–電燈泡的效果與陽光透過彩色玻璃的效果不同，但很接近。因此，分層玻璃，蒂芙尼玻璃，變得非常流行，直到今天。那么，讓我們來看一些不同時代不同類型彩色玻璃的例子。

三、Stained Glass Art托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.The images in stained-glass windows

B.The history of stained-glass art

C.The importance of religious art during the Middle Ages

D.Techniques for making glass during the Middle Ages

Q2:2.What are two points the professor makes about stained glass windows made during the Middle Ages?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.They typically were small in size.

B.The glass was colored during the glassmaking process.

C.They were used mainly for churches.

D.They had simple designs.

Q3:3.During the Middle Ages,what was one of the first steps that artists used in making a stained glass window?

A.They drew the design onto the top of a table.

B.They created models of the design with lead strips.

C.They drew an outline of the design directly onto a piece of glass.

D.They painted the design on paper.

Q4:4.Accordingto the professor,what are two ways in which stained-glass windows made in the sixteenth century differed from those made in earlier centuries?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.The way the glass was colored

B.The role played by lead strips

C.The scenes that were depicted

D.The way glass pieces were cut

Q5:5.What does the professor imply contributed to the popularity of Tiffany glass?

A.The use of lead compounds to enhance its colors

B.The reuse of stained glass from old church windows

C.The invention of electric lighting

D.A new process for painting glass

Q6:6.What does the woman imply when she says this:That showed good judgment,real foresight,didn’t it?

A.It is unfortunate that people in the nineteenth century destroyed old stained glass windows.

B.Stained glass windows made in the nineteenth century are more beautiful than those made earlier.

C.It was necessary for people in the nineteenth century to break stained glass windows.

D.Stained-glass windows made in the 19th century are more valuable today than windows in previous centuries.

四、Stained Glass Art托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：BC

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：AB

A5:正確答案：C

A6:正確答案：A

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