Crocodile Vocalization托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Crocodile Vocalization托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Crocodile Vocalization托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology class.

FEMALE PROFESSOR:OK,for today,let's look at a reptile—a predator—that hasn't evolved much in the last 70 million years.No discussion of reptiles would be complete without some mention of crocodiles.Now,we tend to think of crocodiles as uh,kind of solitary...hiding out in a swamp,kind of mysterious creatures... But we're finding out that they aren't as isolated as they seem.In fact,crocodiles interact with each other in a variety of ways. One way is with vocalizations...ya know,sounds generated by the animal.This is true of the whole crocodile family which includes crocodiles themselves,alligators,etc...

Take American alligators.If you were to go to a swamp during the breeding season,you'd hear a chorus of sounds.Deep grunts,hisses...These are sounds that male alligators make,and some of them are powerful enough to make the water vibrate. This sends a strong"go away"message to the other males,so the alligator can focus on sending other sound waves through the water...sound waves that you and I couldn't even hear since they're such low frequency.But they do reach the female alligator,who then goes to find,and mate with,the male.

Vocalization is,um,well,it's used for other reasons...like getting attention or dis—ah,letting others know that you're distressed. Ah,let's see...newborn crocodiles,or hatchlings,and their interactions with their mother.When they're born,croc-baby crocodiles have a sort of muffled cry while they're in their nest.Hatchlings are really vulnerable—especially to birds and small mammals—when they're born,but their mother,who's been keeping vigil nearby,hears their cry for help and carries them to safety...meaning,to water.

So,she takes them out of the nest,ah, um,all the eggs hatch at once,so she has about 40 newborns to look after.She takes about 15 out of the nest at a time,carrying them in her mouth to the nearby water. While she's taking one load of hatchlings,the others wait for her to come back,but do you think they're quiet about it?No way! They're clamoring for the mother's attention,sort of squeaking,and practically saying,"Don't forget about me!"

I heard some great examples of this on a television program on crocodiles last week...anyone catch it? It had a few interesting bits,but you know...uh,you have to be careful,think critically.Sometimes I don't know where these shows find their"experts."

MALE STUDENT:Excuse me.But um,does all that crying defeat the purpose?I mean,doesn't it...attract more predators?FEMALE PROFESSOR:Hmm,good question.I guess—well,I'm guessing that once the babies have the mother's attention,they're safe.She's never too far away,an-and I think—I mean,would you mess with a mother crocodile?So,after the mother transports all the youngsters,they still call to each other,and to their mother. This communication continues right through to adulthood.Crocodiles have about 18 different sounds that they can make. 

There's—uh,uh,you have deep grunting sounds,hisses,growls,squeaks,roars...So,there are many different sounds to interact or send messages.This is more typical of mammals than of reptiles...I mean,crocodiles'brains are the most developed of any reptile...in that sense,they're closer to mammals'brains than other reptiles'brains.And we know that mammals...ah,well dogs,for example...dogs vocalize many different sounds.Crocodiles have a similar level of,ah,vocal sophistication,if you will—which makes them unique among reptiles.

Another thing would be,ah,if a hatchling gets separated from the rest of its family.Once the others get far enough away,its survival instinct kicks in.It'll make a loud distress call,which its siblings answer...it calls again,and they continue calling back and forth until they all find each other again.Another thing,something that wasn't on that TV show I mentioned—ah,mother crocodiles lead their young from one area to another,like when they have to find a different source of water.Usually she'll lead them at night,when it's safer for them,moving ahead and then letting out calls of reassurance so that they'll follow her.Her voice helps give the babies the courage they need to leave the area and go someplace that's a more desirable home for them.

二、Crocodile Vocalization托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在生物課上聽一部分講座。

女教授：好的，今天，讓我們來看一種爬行動(dòng)物——一種在過去7000萬年中沒有太多進(jìn)化的食肉動(dòng)物。對(duì)爬行動(dòng)物的討論如果沒有提到鱷魚，就不算完整?，F(xiàn)在，我們傾向于認(rèn)為鱷魚是，呃，一種孤獨(dú)的……隱藏在沼澤中，一種神秘的生物；但我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他們并不像看上去那樣孤立。事實(shí)上，鱷魚之間的互動(dòng)方式多種多樣&nbsp；一種方法是發(fā)聲…你知道，動(dòng)物發(fā)出的聲音。整個(gè)鱷魚家族都是如此，包括鱷魚本身、鱷魚等。。。

以美洲短吻鱷為例。如果你在繁殖季節(jié)去沼澤地，你會(huì)聽到一聲合唱。深沉的呼嚕聲、嘶嘶聲……這些都是雄性短吻鱷發(fā)出的聲音，其中一些聲音足以讓水震動(dòng)&nbsp；這向其他雄性發(fā)出了強(qiáng)烈的“走開”信息，所以短吻鱷可以專注于通過水中發(fā)送其他聲波……聲波頻率很低，我們甚至聽不到。但它們確實(shí)到達(dá)了雌性短吻鱷，然后雌性短吻鱷魚去尋找雄性短吻鱷魚并與其交配。

發(fā)聲是，嗯，好吧，它被用于其他原因…比如引起注意或者讓別人知道你很痛苦&nbsp；啊，讓我們看看……新生的鱷魚，或剛孵出的幼崽，以及它們與母親的互動(dòng)。當(dāng)它們出生時(shí)，鱷魚寶寶在巢中會(huì)發(fā)出一種低沉的叫聲。剛孵出的幼崽真的很容易受到鳥類和小型哺乳動(dòng)物的傷害，但它們的母親一直在附近守夜，聽到它們呼救的聲音，把它們帶到安全的地方……也就是說，帶到水里。

所以，她把它們從巢里拿出來，啊；嗯，所有的卵一次孵化，所以她要照顧大約40個(gè)新生兒。她一次從巢中取出大約15只，用嘴把它們帶到附近的水里&nbsp；當(dāng)她帶著一批幼崽時(shí)，其他人都在等她回來，但你認(rèn)為他們對(duì)此保持沉默嗎？不可能&nbsp；他們叫喊著要引起母親的注意，有點(diǎn)吱吱作響，實(shí)際上是在說：“別忘了我！”

我上周在一個(gè)關(guān)于鱷魚的電視節(jié)目中聽到了一些很好的例子…有人抓住它嗎&nbsp；它有一些有趣的地方，但你知道…嗯，你必須小心，批判性地思考。有時(shí)我不知道這些節(jié)目的“專家”在哪里

男學(xué)生：對(duì)不起。但是，嗯，所有的哭泣都違背了目的嗎？我的意思是，它不吸引更多的捕食者嗎？女教授：嗯，好問題。我猜，我猜，一旦嬰兒得到母親的注意，他們就安全了。她從來不會(huì)離得太遠(yuǎn)，安，我想，我的意思是，你會(huì)和鱷魚媽媽亂搞嗎？因此，在母親運(yùn)送所有的孩子后，他們?nèi)匀换ハ嗪艚校埠艚心赣H&nbsp；這種交流一直持續(xù)到成年。鱷魚可以發(fā)出大約18種不同的聲音；

有，呃，呃，你有很深的呼嚕聲、嘶嘶聲、咆哮聲、尖叫聲、咆哮……所以，有很多不同的聲音可以交互或發(fā)送信息。這是哺乳動(dòng)物比爬行動(dòng)物更典型的…我的意思是，鱷魚的大腦是所有爬行動(dòng)物中最發(fā)達(dá)的…從這個(gè)意義上說，它們比其他爬行動(dòng)物的大腦更接近哺乳動(dòng)物的大腦。我們知道哺乳動(dòng)物……啊，比如狗……狗會(huì)發(fā)出許多不同的聲音。如果你愿意的話，鱷魚也有類似的聲音復(fù)雜程度，這使得它們?cè)谂佬袆?dòng)物中獨(dú)一無二。

另一件事是，啊，如果一只幼崽與其他家庭成員分離。一旦其他人離得足夠遠(yuǎn)，它的生存本能就會(huì)發(fā)揮作用。它會(huì)發(fā)出一個(gè)巨大的求救信號(hào)，它的兄弟姐妹會(huì)接電話……它再次呼叫，它們繼續(xù)來回呼叫，直到再次找到彼此。另一件事，我提到的那個(gè)電視節(jié)目中沒有的東西，啊，鱷魚媽媽帶著它們的幼崽從一個(gè)地方到另一個(gè)地方，就像當(dāng)它們必須找到不同的水源時(shí)。通常情況下，她會(huì)在晚上帶領(lǐng)他們，當(dāng)他們更安全的時(shí)候，向前移動(dòng)，然后發(fā)出保證電話，這樣他們就會(huì)跟著她。她的聲音幫助孩子們鼓起勇氣離開這個(gè)地區(qū)，去一個(gè)對(duì)他們來說更理想的地方。

三、Crocodile Vocalization托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What does the professor mainly discuss?

A.Factors that affect successful crocodile communication

B.Some reasons for crocodile vocalizations

C.Ways that newborn crocodiles learn to communicate

D.Reasons why crocodile vocalization is difficult to study

Q2:2.According to the professor,what are two functions of the sounds made by male alligators?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.To frighten predators

B.To attract mates

C.To locate hatchlings

D.To threaten other males

Q3:3.Based on the discussion,what is one reason hatchlings make vocalizations to their mother while they are in the nest?

A.To reassure her that they are safe

B.To signal that they are ready to follow her

C.To make sure she does not forget them

D.To indicate that they need to be relocated to a larger nest

Q4:4.What is the professor's opinion about the television program that she mentions?

A.She is concerned about the accuracy of some of the information the experts provided.

B.She is hopeful that the class will be able to discuss it.

C.She thinks it was overly critical of some recent theories about crocodiles.

D.She is surprised that it did not include more examples of crocodile communication.

Q5:5.Why does the professor mention dogs?

A.To explain that mammals are more complex than reptiles

B.To point out that crocodiles can communicate with dogs

C.To give an example of mammals that care for their young

D.To emphasize that crocodiles have highly developed brains

Q6:6.What happens when a hatchling makes a distress call?

A.Its siblings answer back.

B.The mother repeats the call.

C.The rest of its family waits near water.

D.The mother calls to other adult crocodiles for assistance.

四、Crocodile Vocalization托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：BD

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：A

A5:正確答案：D

A6:正確答案：A

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