Effect of Electronic Media托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

新托福聽力難度大，題型多，而且聽力和寫作、口語等部分也相關(guān)聯(lián)，可以說，是牽一發(fā)而動全身的地位。所以要想取得高分，需要以殘酷的、毫無疑問的、不存在任何僥幸的聽力實(shí)力為基礎(chǔ)。那么關(guān)于“Effect of Electronic Media托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案”的內(nèi)容，下面由小編來給大家分享。

Effect of Electronic Media托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Effect of Electronic Media托福聽力原文：

Throughout most of human history,a society’s culture was defined and communicated primarily through the family.Early cultures communicated their values and beliefs to their children by oral tradition—word of mouth.Parents and grandparents had the job of passing on the culture’s history and traditions.The older members of the family were storytellers and historians—our“cultural narrators.”

The cultural narrator was valued for his or her wisdom and experience.The cultural narrator helped to sustain the society through the preservation of vital cultural information.Until the mid-twentieth century,the family was the medium by which culture was passed along.

Since the 1950s,however,the role of the cultural narrator has been taken over by television.What I mean is,the family storytellers have been replaced by television shows that tell us who we are,what we need,how we should speak,and what we should believe in.

In the sixties and seventies,as television became more a part of North American life,several writers and philosophers began to study what was going on.One of the most creative minds to explore this issue was Marshall McLuhan.

McLuhan studied English literature in his native Canada and in England,and then taught at several universities in the United States.As a Canadian scholar teaching in the U.S.,McLuhan realized that he didn’t understand his American students.He couldn’t figure out their interests and values,why they spoke and acted and felt the way they did.So,he set out to learn more about the values of his students by studying their popular culture:the movies,television shows,music,pastimes—all the things that young Americans pursued in their leisure time.

McLuhan became convinced that electronic media played a significant role and that the media were responsible for the attitudes and values of his students.In fact,he went beyond his immediate interest in his own students to theorize that the media had prompted most of the social changes in Western culture.McLuhan’s ideas soon made him the leading cultural critic and media theorist of his time.

McLuhan’s ideas gained attention worldwide.He wrote several books about the effect of media on human development,including this one,The Medium is the Message,which is the book you’ll be reading next in this course.

The Medium is the Message is McLuhan’s most influential book.Although it was first published more than thirty years ago,it remains an important classic in the field of communications.It’s a book—and an idea—that you’ll come back to over and over again,and reading it will probably change your view of how we communicate.

Why is it such an important book?Well,you’ve probably heard the expression,“The medium is the message”because it’s entered our vocabulary.What McLuhan meant by this statement was that how people learn—the medium—is more important than what they learn—the message.In other words,the method of communicating information has more influence on the public than the information itself.Communication is culture,and culture is communication.

McLuhan didn’t consider himself a critic of the media in the sense of condemning it.He wasn’t interested in deciding whether television was good or bad.He just wanted people to understand how it affected them so they could make their own informed decisions about it.We’re just beginning to understand the ways that the media have affected our culture.Sociologists,psychologists,media ecologists—people in a multitude of fields are trying to explain the relationships among media,values,and behavior.

Is television good or bad for us?Does television cause human behavior,or merely record it?This question is of particular interest to researchers who study the effects of television—especially television violence—on children’s behavior.And now that television is starting to merge with other electronic media,like the Internet,there are a growing number of issues and new questions calling for informed thinking about the relationship of the media to human development.

二、Effect of Electronic Media托福聽力中文翻譯：

在人類歷史的大部分時間里，一個社會的文化主要是通過家庭來定義和交流的。早期文化通過口頭傳統(tǒng)口口相傳的方式向孩子傳達(dá)他們的價值觀和信仰。父母和祖父母的工作是傳承文化的歷史和傳統(tǒng)。家里年紀(jì)較大的成員都是講故事的人和歷史學(xué)家——我們的“文化敘述者”

文化敘述者因其智慧和經(jīng)驗(yàn)而受到重視。文化敘述者通過保存重要的文化信息來幫助維持社會。直到二十世紀(jì)中葉，家庭一直是文化傳播的媒介。

然而，自20世紀(jì)50年代以來，文化敘述者的角色已經(jīng)被電視所取代。我的意思是，家庭故事講述者已經(jīng)被電視節(jié)目所取代，電視節(jié)目告訴我們是誰，我們需要什么，我們應(yīng)該如何說話，我們應(yīng)該相信什么。

在六七十年代，隨著電視越來越成為北美生活的一部分，一些作家和哲學(xué)家開始研究正在發(fā)生的事情。馬歇爾·麥克盧漢是探索這個問題最有創(chuàng)造力的人之一。

麥克盧漢在他的祖國加拿大和英國學(xué)習(xí)英國文學(xué)，然后在美國的幾所大學(xué)任教。作為一名在美國任教的加拿大學(xué)者，麥克盧漢意識到他不理解他的美國學(xué)生。他無法理解他們的興趣和價值觀，也無法理解他們?yōu)槭裁凑f話、行動和感受。因此，他開始通過研究學(xué)生的流行文化來更多地了解他們的價值觀：電影、電視節(jié)目、音樂、消遣——所有美國年輕人在閑暇時追求的東西。

麥克盧漢確信電子媒體發(fā)揮了重要作用，媒體對學(xué)生的態(tài)度和價值觀負(fù)有責(zé)任。事實(shí)上，他超越了對自己學(xué)生的直接興趣，認(rèn)為媒體推動了西方文化的大部分社會變革。麥克盧漢的思想很快使他成為那個時代的主要文化評論家和媒體理論家。

麥克盧漢的想法引起了全世界的關(guān)注。他寫了幾本關(guān)于媒體對人類發(fā)展影響的書，包括這本書，《媒體就是信息》，這本書你將在本課程的下一本書中閱讀。

《媒介就是信息》是麥克盧漢最具影響力的一本書。盡管它在三十多年前首次出版，但它仍然是通信領(lǐng)域的重要經(jīng)典。這是一本書，也是一個你會反復(fù)閱讀的想法，閱讀它可能會改變你對我們溝通方式的看法。

為什么這是一本如此重要的書？好吧，你可能聽說過“媒介就是信息”這句話，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)進(jìn)入了我們的詞匯表。McLuhan這句話的意思是，人們?nèi)绾螌W(xué)習(xí)媒體比他們學(xué)習(xí)信息更重要。換句話說，傳播信息的方法比信息本身對公眾的影響更大。溝通就是文化，文化就是溝通。

麥克盧漢并不認(rèn)為自己是媒體的批評者，他對決定電視是好是壞不感興趣。他只是想讓人們了解它是如何影響他們的，這樣他們就可以自己做出明智的決定。我們才剛剛開始了解媒體對我們文化的影響。社會學(xué)家、心理學(xué)家、媒體生態(tài)學(xué)家——許多領(lǐng)域的人都在試圖解釋媒體、價值觀和行為之間的關(guān)系。

電視對我們來說是好是壞？電視是引起人類行為，還是僅僅記錄下來？研究電視尤其是電視暴力對兒童行為影響的研究人員對這個問題特別感興趣?，F(xiàn)在，電視開始與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等其他電子媒體融合，越來越多的問題和新問題需要對媒體與人類發(fā)展的關(guān)系進(jìn)行知情思考。

三、Effect of Electronic Media托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.According to the professor,how did children acquire their culture throughout most of history?

A.By experiencing life in another country

B.By watching cultural programs on television

C.By going to the museum and the library

D.By listening to parents and grandparents

Q2:2.What does the professor mean by the term“cultural narrator”?

A.The voice that tells a story on a television program

B.The medium that conveys a culture’s values and beliefs

C.A book that is considered a classic in its field

D.A scholar who states theories about popular culture

Q3:3.According to the professor,why did Marshall McLuhan study popular culture?

A.McLuhan wanted to understand the values of his students.

B.McLuhan needed an interesting topic for his dissertation.

C.McLuhan wanted to write stories for a popular magazine.

D.McLuhan enjoyed watching television with his family.

Q4:4.What is the professor’s opinion of The Medium is the Message?

A.It is a good source of information about cultural history.

B.Its ideas are becoming less relevant today than in the past.

C.It was the first book to argue that television was bad for society.

D.It will influence how the students think about communication.

Q5:5.Why does the professor say this:

A.To compare different ways of conveying a message

B.To explain an important theory of communications

C.To show that miscommunication is a serious problem

D.To introduce a controversial topic of conversation

四、Effect of Electronic Media托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：C

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：B

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