Suburb Housing Design托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Suburb Housing Design托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、Suburb Housing Design托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an architecture class.The professor has been discussing housing designs.MALE PROFESSOR:Alright,in our last class we began our discussion of housing designs in the United States from the 1940's.You'll remember,for example,that we looked at some photos and discussed apartment complex in Chicago from that decade.Now,today,let's talk about housing design in the suburbs.The demand for low-cost housing outside the cities increased in the late 1940's after World War II as a whole generation of young families needed affordable housing,and a firm called Levitt&Sons strove to meet this demand in some pretty innovative ways.

They designed buildings based on the demands of the public,not so much their own artistic vision,and created a residential community in the state of New York that became known as Levittown.Levittown was the first suburb of its kind and it started out with 2,000 homes.They were called Cape Cod houses—the Cape Cod model—and they were designed to look like the historical cottages in the New England states,in the northeastern United States.

The original floor plan was very simple.The living room was in the front of the house,with windows looking out towards the street.You also had two bedrooms,um,a bathroom and a kitchen.Everything was on one floor.The bathroom was right next to the kitchen,which was a way of keeping building costs down,since the two rooms could rely on just one plumbing system.Another feature of this Cape Cod house is that it could be expanded,as families grew and needed more space.You had the downstairs,but up the stairs,the house actually had unfinished attic space as well.Levitt&Sons promoted their houses saying this attic space could easily be converted into another bedroom or even two,and then there was always the possibility of building additional rooms onto the house later.Each house was built the same way and with the same materials.—all parts were standardized—so houses could be built economically.This was important because it meant that they were affordable for young families who wanted to live outside of the city.As a result,what you had was a whole community of houses that,except for the color of their roof and walls,were identical.So eventually,there's going to be a demand for some variety,right?After a couple of years,Levitt&Sons came up with a second design—well,they called it a second design,because it had a slightly different roof.Plus,the exterior had a more modern look.This model was called a ranch house.Now,I'm guessing it wasn't too expensive or time-consuming for Levitt to come up with this idea,but it was certainly efficient and hugely popular with families.The Ranch is like the Cape Cod,except that the living room is in the back of the house instead of the front,and on this Ranch model,there is one more important feature that is not present in the Cape Cod.It has a large window in the living room called a"picture window",which gives you a kind of"framed view"of the outside.The way the Ranch is set up when you look out this picture window from the living room you're looking out from the back of the house instead of from the front.Parents could watch the children playing in the backyard,the grassy area behind the house rather than a view of the street.So here was a way for families to disconnect their home,their house,their private lives from the outside world,which was represented by the street that led to work and school,which really seems like the thing they had been looking for all along,but the floor plan was just like the Cape Cod only,you know,turned 90 degrees.Levitt&Sons offered their ranch houses for sales at a low price.They could do that because they were using the simple and therefore cost-saving building methods.Another way they kept construction prices down was to train workers who went from house to house doing a specific task,sort of like an assembly line.For example,you might have a painter whose job was to paint the doors of each house and then it would be someone else's job to install the doors.This way houses went up quickly,saving time and money.And the Levitt's ideas caught on.In the early 1950's,their designs became a model for suburb construction throughout the country.

二、Suburb Housing Design托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在建筑課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。教授一直在討論住房設(shè)計。男教授：好的，在上節(jié)課中，我們從20世紀(jì)40年代開始討論美國的住房設(shè)計。例如，你會記得，我們看了一些照片，討論了那十年芝加哥的公寓大樓。現(xiàn)在，我們來談?wù)劷紖^(qū)的住房設(shè)計。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后的20世紀(jì)40年代末，由于整整一代年輕家庭都需要經(jīng)濟(jì)適用房，城市外對廉價住房的需求增加了，一家名為Levitt&Sons的公司努力以一些相當(dāng)創(chuàng)新的方式滿足這一需求。

他們根據(jù)公眾的需求而不是他們自己的藝術(shù)眼光來設(shè)計建筑，并在紐約州創(chuàng)建了一個名為萊維敦的居住社區(qū)。萊維敦（Levittown）是該類型的第一個郊區(qū)，最初有2000套住房。它們被稱為科德角小屋，即科德角模型，其設(shè)計與美國東北部新英格蘭各州的歷史小屋相似。

原來的平面圖很簡單。客廳在房子的前面，窗戶朝著街道。你還有兩間臥室，一間浴室和一間廚房。一切都在一層樓。浴室就在廚房旁邊，這是一種降低建筑成本的方法，因為這兩個房間只能依靠一個管道系統(tǒng)?？频陆亲≌牧硪粋€特點是，隨著家庭的增長，需要更多的空間，它可以擴(kuò)建。你在樓下，但在樓上，房子實際上還有未完工的閣樓空間。Levitt&Sons公司推銷他們的房子時表示，這個閣樓空間可以很容易地轉(zhuǎn)換成另一間臥室，甚至兩間臥室，之后總有可能在房子上再建一些房間。每棟房子都是用同樣的方法和材料建造的-所有的部分都是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的，所以房屋可以經(jīng)濟(jì)地建造。這一點很重要，因為這意味著對于想住在城外的年輕家庭來說，他們是可以負(fù)擔(dān)得起的。結(jié)果，你得到的是一個完整的房子社區(qū)，除了屋頂和墻壁的顏色，其他都是一樣的。所以最終，會有對一些品種的需求，對嗎？幾年后，Levitt&Sons提出了第二種設(shè)計——他們稱之為第二種設(shè)計，因為它的屋頂略有不同。此外，外觀更具現(xiàn)代感。這個模型被稱為牧場房屋?，F(xiàn)在，我猜Levitt提出這個想法不會太貴或太耗時，但它確實很有效，并且深受家庭歡迎。牧場就像科德角，只是客廳在房子的后面，而不是前面。在這個牧場模型上，還有一個更重要的特征是科德角沒有。客廳里有一扇大窗戶，叫做“畫窗”，可以讓你看到外面的“框架視圖”。牧場的設(shè)置方式當(dāng)你從客廳的這扇窗戶向外看時，你是從房子的后面而不是前面看的。家長們可以看到孩子們在后院玩耍，而不是在房子后面的草地上玩耍。因此，這是一種讓家庭將他們的家、房子、私人生活與外部世界斷開的方式，這條通向工作和學(xué)校的街道代表了這條街道，這似乎是他們一直在尋找的東西，但平面圖就像科德角一樣，你知道，只有90度的轉(zhuǎn)彎。Levitt&Sons以低價出售他們的牧場房屋。他們之所以能夠做到這一點，是因為他們使用的是簡單的、因而節(jié)省成本的建筑方法。他們壓低建筑價格的另一種方法是培訓(xùn)工人，讓他們挨家挨戶做特定的工作，有點像流水線。例如，您可能有一位油漆工，他的工作是油漆每間房子的門，然后安裝門將是其他人的工作。這樣房子很快就蓋起來了，節(jié)省了時間和金錢。萊維特的想法很受歡迎。20世紀(jì)50年代初，他們的設(shè)計成為全國郊區(qū)建設(shè)的典范。

三、Suburb Housing Design托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Trends in housing designs in United States cities in the 1940s

B.The spread of the Levittown model across the United States

C.Ways that a building company met a demand for affordable housing

D.The importance of floor plans in meeting the needs of people

Q2:2.What feature of the Cape Cod house made it attractive for young families?

A.A living room that could be divided into bedrooms

B.Attic space that could be transformed into rooms

C.A backyard that was extremely spacious

D.A plumbing system that could easily be extended

Q3:3.Why does the professor discuss the living room window of the ranch house?

A.To explain that it helped families save money on heating costs

B.To point out that it helped families focus on their private lives

C.To compare it to the picture window in the Cape Cod house

D.To point out that it provided a view of the street in front of the house

Q4:4.What enabled Levitt&Sons to build houses economically?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.They were able to create new designs very quickly.

B.They used the same materials for every house.

C.They constructed houses near large cities.

D.They trained workers to perform specialized tasks.

Q5:5.What was a result of the building methods used to construct Levittown?

A.Similar towns were formed in other areas.

B.Housing developments took a long time to complete.

C.Levitt&Sons became known for their artistic vision.

D.Housing became less affordable in the 1950s.

Q6:6.What can be inferred about the professor when he says this:

A.He believes that the second design was an improvement over the first.

B.He doubts that the second design was as efficient as the first.

C.He believes that the two designs were similar.

D.He doubts that the change in the roof was necessary.

四、Suburb Housing Design托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：C

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：B

A4:正確答案：BD

A5:正確答案：A

A6:正確答案：C

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