A Formal Analysis Of Art托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

A Formal Analysis Of Art托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

一、A Formal Analysis Of Art托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an art history class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Last class I passed out your assignment for your first paper,and today I want to spend some time going over it.Mm…most people never take any art history until they get to college,so many of you have probably never written an art history paper before.

I gave you a list of appropriate works of art for you to write about.So your next step in this process needs to be to go look at the work you've selected as your topic.And bring a pencil and a notepad with you,because I don't mean you should just drop by at the museum and glance at it so you can say you've seen it in real life.You need to go and sit in front of the work and really look at it—carefully and slowly.And keep careful notes about what you see—you’ll need them for the kind of art history paper you're going to be writing…it's what we call a formal analysis.

A formal analysis of a work of art,any kind of art,is based on its formal qualities,which means qualities related to the form—things like color…texture…line…shapes…proportion…and composition.

Probably the closest thing to a formal analysis you might have written is for an English class.If you've…say…written an analysis of a poem,you've used the same skills—you've given an analysis of the poem by describing and analyzing its form and meter.A formal analysis paper in art history is very similar.

Now,before you begin writing your formal analysis,you'll want to start with a summary of the overall appearance of the work—a brief description of what you see.Are there figures—people?What are they doing?Or is it a landscape…or an abstract representation of something?Tell what the subject is,and what aspects are emphasized in the painting.This will give your reader an overview of what the work looks like before you analyze it.

The next part of your paper—the actual formal analysis—will be the longest and most important section of your paper,where you describe and analyze individual design elements.For this portion of the paper,you're going to rely on the notes you took at the museum,because you should be able to describe in detail the design elements the artist uses,and how they are used.For example,does the artist use harsh lines or soft lines—are the colors bright or muted?Focus on the design elements that you feel are most strongly represented in that particular work of art.And if you don't know where to begin,take note of where your eye goes first.Then describe things in the order in which your eye moves around the work.This will help you understand how one part relates to another—the interaction between the different parts of the work.OK,this kind of analysis should occur throughout the main portion of the paper.

In the last section of your paper—and this goes beyond formal analysis—you comment on the significance of what you have seen.What details of the work convey meaning?Some significant details will not be apparent to you right away,but if you look long enough,you realize how important they are for your interpretation of the work.

Many years ago,I was writing a formal analysis of a painting of a little boy.In the painting,a little boy was standing in his nursery,and he was holding a toy bird in his hand,and there were more toys around him in the background of the painting.Because of the bird he was holding,I assumed at first that the painting was about the innocence of children.But as I looked at the painting longer,I realized that the boy's eyes looked sad even though there was no discernable expression on his face.And then it dawned on me that,even though he was surrounded by toys,he was all alone in his nursery.The boy's eyes were a significant detail in the painting,that I didn't notice at first.

二、A Formal Analysis Of Art托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在藝術(shù)史課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

男教授：上節(jié)課我把你的第一篇論文的作業(yè)發(fā)給了你，今天我想花點(diǎn)時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)一下。嗯……大多數(shù)人在上大學(xué)之前從來沒有學(xué)過藝術(shù)史，所以你們中的很多人以前可能從來沒有寫過藝術(shù)史論文。

我給了你一份合適的藝術(shù)作品清單供你寫。因此，您在此過程中的下一步需要是查看您選擇的主題工作。帶上鉛筆和記事本，因?yàn)槲也皇钦f你應(yīng)該順道去博物館看看，這樣你就可以說你在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中見過它。你需要坐在工作的前面，認(rèn)真而緩慢地看著它。并仔細(xì)記下你所看到的，你將要寫的那種藝術(shù)史論文需要它們……這就是我們所說的形式分析。

對(duì)一件藝術(shù)作品，任何一種藝術(shù)的形式分析，都是基于它的形式品質(zhì)，這意味著與形式相關(guān)的品質(zhì)，比如顏色……紋理……線條……形狀……比例……和構(gòu)圖。

你可能寫過的最接近正式分析的東西是英語(yǔ)課。如果你寫了一首詩(shī)的分析，你就使用了與分析這首詩(shī)相同的技巧，通過描述和分析它的形式和韻律。藝術(shù)史上的正式分析論文非常相似。

現(xiàn)在，在你開始寫正式的分析之前，你需要先對(duì)作品的整體外觀進(jìn)行一個(gè)總結(jié)——對(duì)你所看到的東西進(jìn)行一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的描述。有人物嗎？他們?cè)谧鍪裁?？或者它是一幅風(fēng)景畫……還是某種抽象的東西？說出主題是什么，以及繪畫中強(qiáng)調(diào)了哪些方面。這會(huì)讓讀者在分析之前對(duì)作品有一個(gè)大致的了解。

論文的下一部分“實(shí)際形式分析”將是論文中最長(zhǎng)、最重要的部分，您將在其中描述和分析各個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)元素。對(duì)于本文的這一部分，你將依賴于你在博物館所做的筆記，因?yàn)槟銘?yīng)該能夠詳細(xì)描述藝術(shù)家使用的設(shè)計(jì)元素，以及它們是如何使用的。例如，藝術(shù)家是否使用粗線條或軟線條顏色是亮還是暗？專注于你認(rèn)為在這件藝術(shù)作品中最能體現(xiàn)的設(shè)計(jì)元素。如果你不知道從哪里開始，記下你的眼睛先去哪里。然后按照眼睛圍繞工作的順序描述事情。這將幫助您了解一個(gè)部分與另一個(gè)部分之間的關(guān)系以及工作不同部分之間的相互作用。好的，這種分析應(yīng)該貫穿論文的主要部分。

在論文的最后一部分，這超出了形式分析的范圍，你對(duì)你所看到的東西的意義進(jìn)行了評(píng)論。作品的哪些細(xì)節(jié)傳達(dá)了意義？一些重要的細(xì)節(jié)不會(huì)馬上對(duì)你顯現(xiàn)出來，但如果你看得夠久，你就會(huì)意識(shí)到它們對(duì)你解讀作品有多么重要。

許多年前，我在寫一幅關(guān)于一個(gè)小男孩的畫的正式分析。在這幅畫中，一個(gè)小男孩站在他的托兒所里，他手里拿著一只玩具鳥，在這幅畫的背景中，他周圍有更多的玩具。因?yàn)樗掷锬弥恢圾B，我起初以為這幅畫是關(guān)于孩子們的純真。但當(dāng)我再看這幅畫時(shí)，我意識(shí)到這個(gè)男孩的眼睛看起來很悲傷，盡管他的臉上沒有明顯的表情。后來我突然意識(shí)到，盡管他被玩具包圍著，但他還是獨(dú)自一人呆在托兒所里。男孩的眼睛是這幅畫中一個(gè)重要的細(xì)節(jié)，一開始我沒有注意到。

三、A Formal Analysis Of Art托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What point does the professor make about the writing of a formal analysis in art history?

A.Its objective is to identify common features of several works of art.

B.Its most important part is the explanation of an artwork's significance.

C.Several styles of writing a formal analysis are used by art historians.

D.A particular approach is required to present Information about an artwork.

Q2:2.According to the professor,what will students need to do before writing the art history paper?

A.Look at examples of formal analysis in textbooks

B.Take notes on the artwork they will write about

C.Go to different museums before selecting a topic for the paper

D.Study the historical context of the artwork they will write about

Q3:3.Why does the professor mention an English class?

A.To explain the difference between visual language and written language

B.To explain that students need good writing skills for their assignment

C.To point out similarities between a poetry paper and the students'assignment

D.To point out that many art historians become writers

Q4:4.What does the professor recommend as a way to understand the relationship between different parts of an artwork?

A.Looking for lines that connect different parts of the work

B.Examining the artwork from several different angles

C.Looking for similar colors the artist used throughout the work

D.Determining how the viewer's eyes move around the work

Q5:5.Why does the professor talk about his own experience analyzing the painting of a little boy?

A.To point out a common misconception about formal analysis

B.To stress the importance of looking at an artwork thoroughly

C.To show why a formal analysis should not emphasize small details

D.To provide an example of an artwork that is easy to analyze

Q6:6.The professor describes three sections the art history paper should contain.Place them in the order in which they should appear in the paper.Click on a phrase.Then drag it to the space where it belongs.

A.Analysis of the design elements the artist uses

B.Discussion of the meaning of the artwork

C.Summary of the appearance of the artwork

四、A Formal Analysis Of Art托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：D

A2:正確答案：B

A3:正確答案：C

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：B

A6:正確答案：CAB

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