Confucius and Dewey托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案

Confucius and Dewey托福紅Delta聽(tīng)力原文翻譯及問(wèn)題答案， 今天中國(guó)教育在線就來(lái)為大家分析這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

一、Confucius and Dewey托福聽(tīng)力原文：

M:More than two thousand years separated two of the world’s great educational philosophers,Confucius and Dewey.Yet,despite their,uh,separation in time and space,both of these thinkers held some interesting—and amazingly parallel—ideas about teaching and learning.Confucius lived during the sixth century B.C.,during China’s Classical Age,and is generally held to be China’s greatest and most influential philosopher.Confucius was,and still is,considered both reactionary and revolutionary.He’s reactionary because his perspective looked to the past,to the wisdom of the ancients.Confucius felt that his role as a teacher was to carry on the ancient tradition,rather than to create something new.He said,“I transmit,but do not create;I have faith in and love for ancient studies.”During his lifetime,Confucius studied and commented on several texts of the ancient tradition,including the books known as the Six Classics.Yes,Tracy?

W:If Confucius just studied the ancient books,why was he considered a philosopher?I mean,he didn’t create anything new.He just talked about other people’s work.

M:The way he looked to the past,his focus on the classical texts—that’s the reactionary side of Confucianism.

W:OK,but if he didn’t create anything new,how does this make him a revolutionary?

M:Confucius was a revolutionary because lie believed that there should be no distinction of social class in education.He believed that education should be,um,not just for the privileged class,but for any boy or girl who was able and willing to learn.Confucius stressed education for practical use because he believed the goal of education is to improve all of humanity.This aspect of Confucianism shares a core belief with the Western philosophy of pragmatism.According to pragmatism,the value of knowledge is a function of its practical outcome,that is,its usefulness to both the individual and the society.In the early twentieth century,pragmatism was highly influential in several fields—like government,business,but especially education.One of its leading thinkers was the American philosopher John Dewey.Like Confucius,Dewey was a scholar and educator whose ideas have had a tremendous impact,both in his time and beyond.Like Confucius,Dewey has a place among our greatest thinkers.As was the case with Confucius,some of Dewey’s ideas were considered revolutionary.Dewey’s ideas about individuality and social progress were radical in the early twentieth century.Dewey believed that the cultivation of the individual would benefit society as a whole,and therefore,the education of individual students is good for social progress.This is similar to the Confucian idea that if a man is true to his inner self,he will achieve true greatness,and that the greatness of individuals is necessary for social order.Despite the centuries that separated them,Confucius and Dewey held some similar ideas about knowledge,teaching,and learning.Confucius believed that the processes of teaching and learning stimulate each other.Teaching is half of learning,and the ideal teacher is one who goes over what he’s already learned and gains some new understanding from the experience.Compare this to Dewey’s idea that education is a continuously constructive process,with experience and knowledge building on each other.

二、Confucius and Dewey托福聽(tīng)力中文翻譯：

M：兩千多年來(lái)，世界上兩位偉大的教育哲學(xué)家孔子和杜威相隔甚遠(yuǎn)。然而，盡管他們，呃，在時(shí)間和空間上是分離的，但這兩位思想家在教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)方面都持有一些有趣且驚人的平行觀點(diǎn)?？鬃由钤诠傲兰o(jì)的中國(guó)古典時(shí)代，被普遍認(rèn)為是中國(guó)最偉大、最有影響力的哲學(xué)家。孔子過(guò)去被認(rèn)為是反動(dòng)的，現(xiàn)在仍然被認(rèn)為是革命的。他是反動(dòng)派，因?yàn)樗挠^點(diǎn)著眼于過(guò)去，著眼于古人的智慧?？鬃诱J(rèn)為他作為一名教師的角色是繼承古老的傳統(tǒng)，而不是創(chuàng)造新的東西。他說(shuō)：“我傳播，但不是創(chuàng)造；我相信并熱愛(ài)古代研究?！笨鬃由把芯坎⒃u(píng)論了幾部古代傳統(tǒng)，包括被稱為《六經(jīng)》的書(shū)籍。是的，特蕾西？

W：如果孔子只是研究古籍，為什么他被認(rèn)為是哲學(xué)家？我是說(shuō)，他沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造任何新東西。他只是說(shuō)說(shuō)別人的工作。

男：他看待過(guò)去的方式，他對(duì)經(jīng)典文本的關(guān)注是儒家思想反動(dòng)的一面。

W：好吧，但如果他沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造任何新的東西，這怎么會(huì)讓他成為一個(gè)革命者呢？

M：孔子是一位革命者，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為在教育中不應(yīng)區(qū)分社會(huì)階層。他認(rèn)為教育不應(yīng)該僅僅針對(duì)特權(quán)階級(jí)，而是針對(duì)任何有能力和愿意學(xué)習(xí)的男孩或女孩。孔子強(qiáng)調(diào)教育的實(shí)用性，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為教育的目標(biāo)是改善全人類。儒家思想的這一方面與西方實(shí)用主義哲學(xué)有著共同的核心信念。實(shí)用主義認(rèn)為，知識(shí)的價(jià)值是其實(shí)際結(jié)果的函數(shù)，即其對(duì)個(gè)人和社會(huì)的有用性。在二十世紀(jì)初，實(shí)用主義在政府、商業(yè)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域都有很高的影響力，尤其是在教育領(lǐng)域。其主要思想家之一是美國(guó)哲學(xué)家約翰·杜威。與孔子一樣，杜威也是一位學(xué)者和教育家，他的思想在他的時(shí)代和以后都產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響。像孔子一樣，杜威在我們最偉大的思想家中占有一席之地。就像孔子一樣，杜威的一些思想被認(rèn)為是革命性的。杜威關(guān)于個(gè)性和社會(huì)進(jìn)步的思想在二十世紀(jì)初是激進(jìn)的。杜威認(rèn)為，對(duì)個(gè)人的培養(yǎng)將有利于整個(gè)社會(huì)，因此，對(duì)個(gè)別學(xué)生的教育有利于社會(huì)進(jìn)步。這類似于儒家的觀點(diǎn)，即如果一個(gè)人忠于自己的內(nèi)心，他將實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的偉大，個(gè)人的偉大是社會(huì)秩序所必需的。盡管幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，孔子和杜威在知識(shí)、教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)方面有著相似的觀點(diǎn)?？鬃诱J(rèn)為教與學(xué)的過(guò)程是相互促進(jìn)的。教學(xué)是學(xué)習(xí)的一半，理想的教師是一個(gè)復(fù)習(xí)他已經(jīng)學(xué)過(guò)的知識(shí)并從中獲得一些新的理解的人。這與杜威的觀點(diǎn)相比較，杜威認(rèn)為教育是一個(gè)持續(xù)的建設(shè)性過(guò)程，經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)相互積累。

三、Confucius and Dewey托福聽(tīng)力問(wèn)題：

Q1:Which of the following best describes the organization of the lecture?

A.A history of educational philosophy

B.A comparison of two philosophers

C.A classification of educational practices

D.A description of the learning process

Q2:Why does the professor quote Confucius?

A.To illustrate Confucius’s respect for tradition

B.To explain why Confucius was a successful statesman

C.To portray Confucius as a radical philosopher

D.To compare Confucianism with another philosophy

Q3:According to the professor,in what way was Confucius a revolutionary?

A.He emphasized the ancient wisdom of the classical texts.

B.He believed that education was more a science than an art.

C.He wrote critically about the Six Classics of Chinese literature.

D.He thought that children of all social classes should be educated.

Q4:With which philosophy is John Dewey associated?

A.Confucianism

B.Idealism

C.Pragmatism

D.Socialism

Q5:Which ideas are important in the philosophy of both Confucius and Dewey?

Click on two answers.

A.Great books are the only true source of knowledge.

B.Learning requires the memorization of information.

C.The education of the individual will benefit society.

D.Education is a combination of knowledge and experience.

Q6:What does the professor imply about Confucius and Dewey?

A.They had similar ideas about the continuous nature of learning.

B.Their teachings combined ideas from several different philosophies.

C.They rejected many traditional beliefs of their own societies.

D.Their ideas are less influential today than they were in the past.

四、Confucius and Dewey托福聽(tīng)力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：D

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：CD

A6:正確答案：A

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