the fiddler crab's visual field托福tpo69聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

the fiddler crab's visual field托福tpo69聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

一、the fiddler crab's visual field托福聽力原文：

Professor: Okay so we've seen some examples of animals whose vision is very different from our own. Now I’d like to play around with this idea and animal’s visual perception,the way it sees the world has a profound effect on the way it behaves. And when we try to understand the behavior when animal whose perception is different from ours,where interpreting their behavior from our perspective. And for that reason,some of our current thinking about animal behavior,theories which have not taken perceptual differences into account,may be biased. So,before we get started,who can remind us of some of these differences,yes jack.

Student: Last week we talked about insects with compound eyes and well,I remember this picture in the book that show you how each eye was actually seeing hundreds of images of an object when we see only one.

Professor: I'm glad you brought up that example,because the animal I want to discuss today also has compound eyes and that’s the fiddler crab. The fiddler crab has been studied quite a bit by researchers interested in this connection between perception and behavior. One reason is that it's quite easy to observe,it lives out in the open on mud flats and has a very limited territory. In fact rarely leaves this mud environment. Now,the fiddler crab has an unusual way of seeing,as you notice from this picture,its eyes located on stalks that point straight up,this gives the crab a panoramic visual field.

Here let me show you what I mean,so the fiddler crab can see three hundred sixty degrees all around in every direction. And the end of each stalk is divided into about ten thousand little eyes. So,it has compound vision similar to what some insects have. Another unusual feature is that this crab’s vision is sharpest on the periphery on the outer edges of its visual field. Actually,this makes a lot more sense when you realize that is on the edge of its visual field on the ground,where the other crabs are likely to be,that they have to make the finest,distinctions,like between rival and mate. But even the sharpest part of the crab’s visual field isn’t all that great,it'd be like oh,imagine looking at a newspaper,and say you saw nothing but a blurry white object,maybe with a few black spots on it,ok.

Now another important thing,animals have to be able to see its predators. For fiddler crabs,the most important predators are typically birds and the very center of the fiddler crab’s field vision is,surprise,the sky. And here's the thing,the crab’s visual field is even blurrier in the center upon the sky than it is on the edges.

Student: But that doesn't make sense,if the center of the crab’s visual field is so blurry,then how can they ever defend themselves,I mean,how do you know they would,mistake,I don't know,something,anything,in the air for bird.

Professor: Well,this goes back to what I said earlier,we need to stop thinking from our own visual perspective and think about it from the animal’s point of view. Because everything it sees is blurry,the fiddler crab’s world view is very simple one,everything in the sky is assumed to be a predator and everything on the ground is assumed to be a crab. This is the most basic distinction that needs to make for its survival. So,what for us would be a disadvantage,blurry vision,actually turns out for the crab to be advantage to its survival. This way of seeing simplifies the way the crab needs to respond to whatever it sees.

Student: But how can we know that for sure.

Professor: Actually,researchers have proven it.Here’s what they did. They placed a cylinder on a mudflat inhabited by fiddler crabs,the crabs treated the object like another crab,fighting it,ignoring it or even sizing it up as a potential mate. But,when the same cylinder was tossed up in the air over the mudflats,all the crabs ran for the safety of their burrows. So you can see how the crab's behavior is affected by its vision and object on the ground,any object as long as it's on the periphery of its visual field is perceived as another crab. And that same object when seeing in the air,at the center of its visual field,is perceived as not a crab and therefore a potential predator.

二、the fiddler crab's visual field托福聽力中文翻譯：

教授：；好的，我們已經(jīng)看到了一些動物的例子，它們的視力與我們的非常不同；現(xiàn)在我想談?wù)勥@個想法和動物的視覺感知，它看待世界的方式對它的行為方式有著深遠的影響；當(dāng)我們試圖理解感知與我們不同的動物的行為時，從我們的角度解釋它們的行為；因此，我們目前對動物行為的一些思考，即沒有考慮知覺差異的理論，可能存在偏見；所以，在我們開始之前，誰能提醒我們這些差異，杰克。

學(xué)生：；上周我們討論了有復(fù)眼的昆蟲，我記得書中的這張圖片，它向你展示了當(dāng)我們只看到一個物體時，每只眼睛實際上是如何看到數(shù)百個物體的圖像的。

教授：；我很高興你提到了這個例子，因為我今天要討論的動物也有復(fù)眼，那就是招潮蟹；對感知和行為之間的這種聯(lián)系感興趣的研究人員對招潮蟹進行了大量的研究；一個原因是它很容易被觀察到，它生活在泥灘上的開闊地帶，而且領(lǐng)土非常有限；事實上，很少離開這種泥濘的環(huán)境；現(xiàn)在，招潮蟹有一種不同尋常的視覺方式，正如你從這張照片中注意到的，它的眼睛位于筆直向上的莖上，這給了蟹一個全景視野。

讓我來告訴你我的意思，這樣招潮蟹可以看到360度左右的各個方向；每根莖的末端被分成大約一萬個小眼睛；因此，它有著與某些昆蟲相似的復(fù)合視覺；另一個不尋常的特征是，這種螃蟹的視野在其視野外緣的邊緣最清晰；事實上，當(dāng)你意識到在地面上的視野邊緣，其他螃蟹可能在那里，它們必須做出最好的區(qū)分，比如在競爭對手和配偶之間，這就更有意義了；但是，即使是螃蟹視野中最銳利的部分也不是那么好，它會像哦，想象一下看報紙，你只看到一個模糊的白色物體，可能上面有一些黑點，好吧。

現(xiàn)在另一件重要的事情是，動物必須能夠看到它的掠食者；對于招潮蟹來說，最重要的食肉動物通常是鳥類，令人驚訝的是，招潮蟹視野的中心是天空；問題是，螃蟹的視野在天空中央比邊緣更模糊。

學(xué)生：；但這沒有意義，如果螃蟹的視野中心如此模糊，那么它們怎么能自衛(wèi)，我的意思是，你怎么知道它們會錯，我不知道，空中有什么東西，任何東西，對鳥來說。

教授：；好吧，這可以追溯到我之前所說的，我們需要停止從我們自己的視覺角度來思考，而是從動物的角度來思考；因為它所看到的一切都是模糊的，招潮蟹的世界觀非常簡單，天空中的一切都被認(rèn)為是捕食者，地面上的一切都被認(rèn)為是螃蟹；這是其生存所需的最基本區(qū)別；所以，對我們來說不利的是，視力模糊，事實證明，螃蟹對它的生存是有利的；這種視覺方式簡化了螃蟹對所看到的一切做出反應(yīng)的方式。

學(xué)生：；但我們怎么能確定這一點呢。

教授：；事實上，研究人員已經(jīng)證明了這一點。下面是他們所做的；他們在有招潮蟹的泥灘上放置了一個圓柱體，招潮蟹把這個物體當(dāng)作另一只螃蟹一樣對待，與它搏斗，忽視它，甚至把它當(dāng)作潛在的配偶；但是，當(dāng)同一個圓筒被拋到泥灘上空時，所有的螃蟹都跑向它們的洞穴；因此，你可以看到螃蟹的行為是如何受到其視覺和地面上物體的影響的，任何物體只要在其視野的外圍，都會被視為另一只螃蟹；同樣的物體，在其視野的中心，當(dāng)在空中看到時，被認(rèn)為不是螃蟹，因此是潛在的捕食者。

三、the fiddler crab's visual field托福聽力問題：

Q1:What is the purpose of the lecture?

A.To analyze the relationship between an animal’s visual perception and its body structure

B.To make students aware of potential bias in interpretations of animal behavior

C.To argue that human vision is inferior to the vision of certain animals

D.To evaluate methods researchers use to determine the characteristics of an animal’s vision

Q2:What feature does the professor describe as being common to both an insect and a fiddler crab?

A.They both have compound vision.

B.They both have a panoramic field of vision.

C.They both have eyes on stalks.

D.They both defend their territory in a similar manner.

Q3:According to the professor,what detail about the fiddler crab makes it easy to observe?

A.It remains close to its home.

B.It moves very slowly.

C.Its shell is easy to identify.

D.Its eyestalks can be seen from far away.

Q4:According to the professor,what is the most important distinction that a fiddler crab must make?

A.The distinction between mudflats and other surfaces

B.The distinction between predators and prey

C.The distinction between crabs and predators

D.The distinction between male crabs and female crabs

Q5:How would a fiddler crab react to a ball thrown in the sky above it?

A.As if the ball were a rival crab

B.As if the ball were a potential mate

C.As if the ball were a predator

D.As if the ball were potential prey

Q6:What does the professor imply when she says this:

A.Students should take notes on the point she is making.

B.Students should not be surprised by the fact she is citing.

C.She realizes that her statement contradicts what students have learned.

D.She is aware that her statement does not seem logical.

四、the fiddler crab's visual field托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：B

A2:正確答案：A

A3:正確答案：A

A4:正確答案：C

A5:正確答案：C

A6:正確答案：D

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