怎樣才能寫(xiě)出高質(zhì)量的托福作文？

隨著人們經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高，對(duì)于很多家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，留學(xué)不再是一個(gè)可望而不可及的事情，許多人都想要留學(xué)，那其中怎樣才能寫(xiě)出高質(zhì)量的托福作文？？針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，下面中國(guó)教育在線小編就來(lái)和大家分享一下。

作文時(shí)托?？荚嚤乜純?nèi)容，無(wú)法躲避，只能迎面直擊了，那如何才能把托福寫(xiě)出水平，顯示學(xué)員的高水準(zhǔn)發(fā)揮呢？那就得看你寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容是否高質(zhì)量了，作文內(nèi)容質(zhì)量高才是吸引考官，和贏得高分的必備條件，那如何做到如此呢？那下面就讓我們一起學(xué)習(xí)托福作文段落的展開(kāi)。先看這樣一道題：In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of this phenomenon.

假設(shè)我們審題之后，決定寫(xiě)這樣三個(gè)段落：食物條件的改善；醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進(jìn)步；經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定以其中第二個(gè)理由為例，這個(gè)理由要被寫(xiě)成三個(gè)段落中的第二個(gè)段落，那么這個(gè)段落大約應(yīng)該是100詞左右的篇幅(托福獨(dú)立作文部分字?jǐn)?shù)要求是300~350詞)。主題句可以很簡(jiǎn)單，“現(xiàn)代醫(yī)療技術(shù)步使人們活得越來(lái)越久?！保骸癕odern medical technologies have made people live longer.”

有的人可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這個(gè)句子太短，于是，就寫(xiě)成“Modern medical technologies have made more and more people live longer and longer.”——這是很惡心的。很多人誤以為句子寫(xiě)得越長(zhǎng)越好，詞匯用得越難越好(有相當(dāng)數(shù)量的老師也確實(shí)這么認(rèn)為)，事實(shí)上并非如此。當(dāng)然，如果有些人一定要認(rèn)為這個(gè)由8個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的主題句太簡(jiǎn)陋，那也不是不可以換成這樣一個(gè)由20個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的句子：“The rapid development of modern medical technologies is one of most important factors that contribute to current longer life expectancy. ”

無(wú)論怎樣，這樣的句子誰(shuí)都應(yīng)該寫(xiě)得出來(lái)，因?yàn)闆](méi)有一個(gè)不會(huì)寫(xiě)的詞——基本上都是初中詞匯就可以解決的。那接下來(lái)要寫(xiě)什么呢?比如，接著可以給出理由，“因?yàn)橛行┎∵^(guò)去不能治但現(xiàn)在能治了”：“Many diseases for which there had been no previous effective treatment might be responsive to modern medical technologies. ”

再一次，這是個(gè)基本上誰(shuí)都可以寫(xiě)得出來(lái)的句子，因?yàn)橛质且粋€(gè)基本上只使用初中詞匯的句子。四舍五入一下，把這個(gè)18個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的句子算作20個(gè)詞。那么這個(gè)段落已經(jīng)有了40個(gè)詞，還差60個(gè)詞的篇幅，那寫(xiě)些什么呢?接下來(lái)，可能就應(yīng)該提供一些具體的例子、細(xì)節(jié)了，“那哪些病過(guò)去不能治現(xiàn)在能治了呢?”比如，“猩紅熱”——會(huì)寫(xiě)么?再比如“百日咳”——會(huì)寫(xiě)么?又比如“肺結(jié)核”——會(huì)寫(xiě)么?問(wèn)題就出在這里了：不是想不到，而是想到了卻根本不會(huì)寫(xiě)。

之前看到的那篇習(xí)作中，學(xué)生在舉例說(shuō)明“瀕臨滅絕動(dòng)物很重要”的時(shí)候，其實(shí)也很可能并非沒(méi)想到“東北虎”、“揚(yáng)子鱷”、“丹頂鶴”之類(lèi)的準(zhǔn)確而又恰當(dāng)?shù)睦樱赡艿氖恰岸枷氲搅藚s都不會(huì)寫(xiě)”，所以只好寫(xiě)了個(gè)自己會(huì)寫(xiě)的——“spiders”!

講到這里，大家就應(yīng)該明白托福作文高分的關(guān)鍵了。其實(shí)只需要提前做好功課就好：給題庫(kù)中的每道題1) 不僅要列大綱，還要2) 落實(shí)具體細(xì)節(jié)，然后3) 查詞典。只羅列大綱是沒(méi)用的，因?yàn)槟侵徊贿^(guò)是完成了具體任務(wù)中的20%不到而已，并且還是容易的那20%。真正有效的、真正困難一些的是剩下的80%，到了考場(chǎng)上，可不能查詞典，不能參考語(yǔ)法書(shū)，不能用Google，所以，不提前做好功課，一切都是白費(fèi)。做功課的時(shí)候，把想到的具體細(xì)節(jié)落實(shí)到紙面上也很重要，因?yàn)槿绻贿@么做的話，一會(huì)兒就會(huì)忘掉剛剛想到的很多細(xì)節(jié)，進(jìn)而甚至連查詞典查什么都不知道。

而很多考生在準(zhǔn)備考試的時(shí)候甚至沒(méi)有專(zhuān)門(mén)查過(guò)詞典，這很令人費(fèi)解。一方面自己都確信自己的詞匯量不夠的情況下，另外一方面又堅(jiān)決不肯查詞典，這樣自相矛盾的心理也并非沒(méi)有解釋?zhuān)核麄冇X(jué)得自己正在背的詞匯書(shū)也許應(yīng)該能夠解決問(wèn)題，并且他們從來(lái)都不覺(jué)得查詞典有多么重要。

查過(guò)一次詞典就知道不查詞典有多么吃虧了?！皷|北虎”，是“North Chinese Tiger”，甚至直接寫(xiě)“Chinese Tiger”就行;“揚(yáng)子鱷”，是“Chinese Alligator”;“丹頂鶴”，是字對(duì)字的翻譯“Red Crown Crane”。這種詞，只要去查，查到之后看過(guò)一遍就不會(huì)忘。費(fèi)勁么?一點(diǎn)都不。三五秒鐘之后，作文就有實(shí)力獲得滿分了(請(qǐng)自行對(duì)照作文評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn))，不用什么高級(jí)詞匯、不用什么閃光句型，非常樸素地寫(xiě)：We should protect those endangered animals, because they are very important, for example, Chinese Tiger, Chinese Alligator, Red Crown Crane, and so on.

有些讀者反應(yīng)快，問(wèn)，那剛剛那篇關(guān)于“人們?yōu)槭裁丛絹?lái)越長(zhǎng)壽”的作文，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)有了40個(gè)詞的篇幅，然后你又提供了幾個(gè)諸如猩紅熱(Scarlet fever)、百日咳(Whooping cough)、肺結(jié)核(Tuberculosis)之類(lèi)的例子，那才50個(gè)詞不到的篇幅啊，不還是不夠100個(gè)詞么?其實(shí)再往下就很簡(jiǎn)單了。我可以說(shuō)：

你看，我小的時(shí)候就得過(guò)猩紅熱，可是很快就治愈了。所以，不僅沒(méi)有死掉，現(xiàn)在還好好的，坐在考場(chǎng)里參加你們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)得托?？荚嚒６野职值囊粋€(gè)兄弟，很小的時(shí)候得了同樣的病，治不好就夭折了。所以，現(xiàn)在的嬰兒死亡率要比過(guò)去低很多，也因此平均壽命比過(guò)去更長(zhǎng)了……很容易就寫(xiě)夠100詞的!

寫(xiě)作文就是這樣，寫(xiě)出一個(gè)主題句(Topic Sentence)，然后就要越來(lái)越具體地解釋?zhuān)忉尩揭恍┚唧w的細(xì)節(jié)，就可以再就著那寫(xiě)具體的細(xì)節(jié)展開(kāi)后繼的論述。而很多學(xué)生寫(xiě)到匯交之處就沒(méi)有東西可寫(xiě)了，于是就出現(xiàn)了“斷層”(地理學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)詞匯是“fault”);而后繼的內(nèi)容就根本不可能存在了。

這樣清楚地了解到自己寫(xiě)作文的困境根源所在，就很容易明白“不僅要列大綱，還要落實(shí)具體細(xì)節(jié)，然后查詞典”這個(gè)樸實(shí)的建議有多么合理多么重要了。另附一篇針對(duì)“人們?yōu)槭裁丛絹?lái)越長(zhǎng)壽”這道托福作文題的樣文(即便這篇文章里可能有一些這樣那樣的錯(cuò)誤，但它滿足了滿分評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的每一個(gè)條目，所以，可以獲得滿分)：

The improvement of food condition seems to be a very important factor. Compared to the past, much more assorted foods are available and at the same time they are more nutritious. Coarse food grain such as maize or sorghum had already been replaced by wheat flour and rice. Even the quality of drinking water has been improved. Water from river, water from well, and even tap water is no longer directly taken in; what is now drunk is more likely to be mineral water, purified water, or distilled water. Besides, better nourishments are now cheaply and readily available: a diverse array of vitamins can be supplemented by a single tiny pill.Equally important is the development of modern medical technology. Finer medicine and more effective treatments are continually developed and perfected, which means that many diseases for which there had been no previous effective treatment can now be easily cured. In the past, many pediatric diseases such as scarlet fever or whooping cough could cause an extremely high infant mortality. But now, such diseases are no longer considered as fatal any more. It’s very easy to make a long list containing such diseases which can now be easily cured but could not in the past: arthritis, tuberculosis, syphilis; cardiac trouble… In fact, the list is nearly endless.

Matching the improvement of food condition and the development of modern medical technology is another essential factor, the stability of social and economic environment. An obvious example is this: any war may well influence life expectancy of rival countries. On the contrary, in a relatively stable and secure environment, one is much more likely to be healthy. An insecure society can cause more stress, and under such stress, one is quite unlikely to be healthy. Studies have proved that one’s immune system would not function well when the stress is intolerable. Intolerable stress is in fact not rare at all, say, when the society undergoes an economic crisis.[325 Words]

別有任何疑問(wèn)。對(duì)，這篇文章就沒(méi)有所謂常規(guī)的“開(kāi)頭”和“結(jié)尾”，只有三個(gè)理由構(gòu)成的三個(gè)段落。但這種考試從來(lái)沒(méi)有要求過(guò)考生一定要寫(xiě)“五段式作文”。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀《新托福考試官方指南》第259頁(yè)的倒數(shù)三個(gè)段落：Do not “memorize” long introductory and concluding paragraphs just to add words to your essay. Raters will not look favorably on wordy introductory and concluding paragraphs such as the following:

“The importance of the issue raised by the posed statement, namely creating a new holiday for people, cannot e underestimated as it concerns the very fabric of society. As it stands, the issue of creating a new holiday raises profound implications for the future. However, although the subject matter in general cannot be dismissed lightheartedly, the perspective of the issue as presented by the statement raises certain qualms regarding practical application.”

“In conclusion, although I have to accept that it is imperative that something be done about creating a new holiday for people and find the underlying thrust of the implied proposal utterly convincing, I cannot help but feel wary of taking such irrevocable steps and personally feel that a more measured approach would be more rewarding.”

托福作文多與少并不是影響你高分的障礙，寫(xiě)出真實(shí)而又豐富的內(nèi)容，那才是托福寫(xiě)作高分的王道。

以上，就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容分享，希望能給同學(xué)們帶來(lái)參考，如果您還有怎樣才能寫(xiě)出高質(zhì)量的托福作文？其他方面的疑問(wèn)，歡迎隨時(shí)在線咨詢客服老師。

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