您現(xiàn)在的位置:首頁 - 托福 - 答疑

托福閱讀長難句解析

2023-10-07 16:13:38 來源:中國教育在線

現(xiàn)在留學(xué)的學(xué)生越來越多,留學(xué)可以開闊眼界,也能學(xué)習(xí)不一樣的教育體制,而且國外名校眾多,教育水平也一流。下面小編就來和大家說說“托福閱讀長難句解析”這個(gè)問題

托福閱讀長難句解析

托福 閱讀長難句解析

托福閱讀考試當(dāng)中,大家都知道長難句是最大的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),很多考生也為之頭疼不已。對(duì)于托福閱讀文章本來就很長,對(duì)于一篇文章也只有20來分鐘的時(shí)間,其中就有12-14道題,給了考生很大的壓力。那么應(yīng)該如何應(yīng)對(duì)托福閱讀考試的這個(gè)長呢?小編認(rèn)為可以從托福閱讀的長句子、長文章和長題目3個(gè)方面來進(jìn)剖析。

首先:長句子。

大家一開始學(xué)習(xí)英語可能都知道句子的形成及結(jié)構(gòu)并沒有那么復(fù)雜,后來學(xué)得了修飾,就把之前學(xué)到句子稱之為簡單句,經(jīng)過修飾的句子為復(fù)雜句,而長句子就是在簡單句子經(jīng)過一個(gè)或者多個(gè)修飾之后形成的句子。考生在面對(duì)一個(gè)難以理解的句子時(shí),首先會(huì)想到的是這個(gè)句子的生詞多不多?如果有很多的生詞的話,那么我們從生詞開始攻克。但是如果詞匯大家都認(rèn)識(shí),但是句子的意思理解不了或者讀不下去,那么這時(shí)應(yīng)該如何辦呢?下面小編就通過例子來為大家講解一下:

A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin of Boston, William Byrd of Virginia, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries,especially aspiring artists,and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

這就是一個(gè)長句,這個(gè)句子詞匯并不難,但是句子理解難度卻不小,原因就是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)太復(fù)雜了,下面小編就帶大家一起來解剖一下:

A few art collectors introduced European art traditions to those colonistsand established in their respective communities the idea and the need.

對(duì)于這樣一個(gè)句子,大家要做的就是找到這個(gè)句子的核心主干(即主謂賓)注意后半部分嵌入了倒裝句established in their respective communities the idea and the need,establish是及物動(dòng)詞,后面卻加了介詞in,說明此處有倒裝,還原正常語序應(yīng)是established the idea and the need in their respective communities。倒裝出現(xiàn)的意義在于idea和need在原句中的后置定語(即藍(lán)色劃線部分)太長,為了防止頭重腳輕。

在原句中,是有人名是并列的不知道大家有沒有發(fā)現(xiàn),也是本句主語art collectors的同位語。其中還有一部分是colonists的非謂語動(dòng)詞后置定語,還一個(gè)部分是插入語用來進(jìn)一步解釋art collectors。

綜上所述,本句運(yùn)用了多種語法結(jié)構(gòu)(并列,倒裝,同位語,后置定語,插入語)把主干部分分割得支離破碎,如果對(duì)這些語法結(jié)構(gòu)不熟悉的同學(xué)肯定會(huì)一下子摸不著頭腦。而如果能夠盡最大努力把握其用法,那么對(duì)閱讀的速度和正確率的提升都有很大幫助。

以上這個(gè)句子我們就可以這樣翻譯:幾位藝術(shù)收藏家(此處省略幾位藝術(shù)家名字)將歐洲藝術(shù)傳統(tǒng)介紹給那些被特許參觀他們畫廊的殖民者,尤其是有抱負(fù)的藝術(shù)家們,并在他們各自的社區(qū)建立了藝術(shù)具有價(jià)值的觀念和致力于鼓勵(lì)其發(fā)展的機(jī)構(gòu)的需要。

其次:長文章

新托福閱讀的文章篇幅一般都是在700字以上,而這么長的文章主要就是由簡單句和一些復(fù)雜的長難句組成,除了句子理解外,為了更好的解題考生還應(yīng)該了解文章段落和文章結(jié)構(gòu)。面對(duì)比較長的段落和文章,要在短時(shí)間內(nèi)快速抓住重點(diǎn)信息,做對(duì)題目,那么對(duì)文章的行文套路要有非常清晰的把握。下面以一篇OG真題文章Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United States的段落為例來講解。

In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Whigs appealed to planters who needed credit to finance their cotton and rice trade in the world market, to farmers who were eager to sell their surpluses, and to workers who wished to improve themselves. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democratsdominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

對(duì)于這種較長的段落,如何快速辨別段落內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)和句與句之間的邏輯是理解的關(guān)鍵。一般來說,段落的主題常出現(xiàn)的位置在段首和段尾,但是也有例外,比如段落內(nèi)部出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,那么要注意轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容與前面相反而且是重點(diǎn)。

這個(gè)段落,首句在講兩個(gè)黨派的社會(huì)組成是相似的,接著的第二三句出現(xiàn)了both、neither表示“都”、“都不”,提出了兩點(diǎn)相似之處。第四句出現(xiàn)了關(guān)鍵性的however,而該句以及接下來的句子主語也發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變,都變?yōu)閮蓚€(gè)黨派的其中一個(gè)。那么,可以推斷出however之后的內(nèi)容與前面相反,所以段落的主題落在了Democrats和Whigs社會(huì)組成的不同之處。

最后:長題目

大家在備考托福閱讀時(shí),或者在做真題(有可能是TPO)大家會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有些題目有好幾行,其中的選項(xiàng)也有好幾行的,這時(shí)考生好不容易弄懂了文章 的意思,又碰到這么的題目和選項(xiàng),瞬間眼前一黑,這時(shí)不會(huì)做題時(shí)只好去蒙答案了,就使得大家的答題正確率直線下降。

對(duì)于這種題目,主要的解題方法就是同義改寫。同義,意味著核心意思保持一致;改寫,意味著換一種說法,簡單的例如替換同義詞語,復(fù)雜的例如改變句子結(jié)構(gòu)。下面,我們結(jié)合前面所講的長難句理解內(nèi)容來做一道句子簡化題。

The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semisubsistence farming that were more isolated and languishing economically.

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.

B. Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.

C. The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.

D. The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.

答案:選D

單詞:

integrate v. 使融合;使結(jié)合

dominate v. 主宰

semisubsistence n. 半自給自足

languish v. 失去活力

快速做法:

Step 1:根據(jù)邏輯排除A,因果邏輯無

Step 2:根據(jù)主干結(jié)構(gòu)排除C,主語不對(duì)

Step 3:細(xì)讀B和D,發(fā)現(xiàn)B與原句矛盾,排除。

詳細(xì)解析:

原句的結(jié)構(gòu)比較簡單易懂,主語是紅色部分。句子邏輯是綠色的whereas,表示“然而”。所以這句話是在對(duì)比Whigs和Democrats勢(shì)力分布上的區(qū)別。

A選項(xiàng)的極端詞only、最高級(jí)wealthiest、because因果邏輯均無體現(xiàn)

B選項(xiàng)表示兩個(gè)黨派的勢(shì)力在城市和鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)各自自然分布,與原句前半句矛盾

C選賢偷換主干,原句主干不是farming areas

D選項(xiàng)涉及同義改寫,whereas與while同義替換,邏輯對(duì)應(yīng)。poorer areas同義對(duì)應(yīng)原句的more isolated and languishing economically;market fully operating同義對(duì)應(yīng)原句的fully integrated into market economy

托福閱讀常見的句子關(guān)系解析

托福閱讀復(fù)習(xí)中,如果大家能夠很好地掌握一些句子關(guān)系,對(duì)于減少文章閱讀的阻礙,也是有很大的幫助的。具體的托福閱讀考試中,常見的句子關(guān)系有哪些呢?為大家整理了相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,供大家參考。

句間關(guān)系1——因果關(guān)系

涉及的題型有:細(xì)節(jié)題、修辭目的題、推理題、句子插入題。

顯性因果關(guān)系詞:

因:because, because of, for, as, since, in that, on account of, with

果:so, so that, therefore, thereby, as a result, hence, thus, consequently, accordingly

除了以上顯性因果關(guān)系詞外,還有很多隱形因果關(guān)系詞是大家必須知道的。

隱性因果關(guān)系詞:

A 導(dǎo)致(因-果):cause, reason, lead to, give rise to, result in, render, make, let, ask, support, push, stimulate, spark, spur, fuel, produce, be responsible for

如:The increased pressures of expanding populations have led to the removal of woody plants so that many cities and towns are surrounded by large areas completely lacking in trees and shrubs.

在這段話中,有l(wèi)ead to,表示了導(dǎo)致的意思,即結(jié)果;而so that 更進(jìn)一步表示了后面的結(jié)果,所以可以充分判定這段話有因果關(guān)系的邏輯。

B 由…而來(果-因):result from, derive from, originate from, initiate from, stem from, be responsive to, be attributable to

如:“The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process.”

在這段話中,根據(jù)result from可以推斷出有因果關(guān)系,那如果是解釋句子題時(shí),選項(xiàng)中有因果關(guān)系就可以優(yōu)先考慮。

C 反映,體現(xiàn)(果-因):reflect, present, demonstrate, suggest, imply, show This result demonstrates that…

D 考慮到:given, considering, in view of, thanks to, according to He succeeded thanks to (in view of) his effort.

E 依賴于:rely on, depend on, resort to, He resorted to books when he had problems.

F 條件關(guān)系:when, once, as soon as, as long as As soon as he got the money, he would leave the country at once.

G 分詞短語,不定式做狀語:Failing in the final exam, she cried.

因果關(guān)系在整個(gè)托福閱讀中的出鏡頻率非常高,曾做過一個(gè)統(tǒng)計(jì),在托福給出的官方練習(xí)題中,細(xì)節(jié)題中考查到因果關(guān)系的比例高達(dá)三分之一。同理,在推理題中,我們也可以利用常見的因果關(guān)聯(lián)詞找到推理的方向。官方大綱中也明確指出,推理題會(huì)“給出一個(gè)結(jié)論,讓考生推理結(jié)論產(chǎn)生的原因”。

考生們一定要學(xué)會(huì)換位思考,作者為什么要在一個(gè)段落中交代“原因”?無外乎就是為了給對(duì)應(yīng)的事情一個(gè)解釋。反之,作者為什么要提及“結(jié)果”,也是為了告訴讀者相關(guān)事情帶來的影響。

此外,有個(gè)不可忽視地信號(hào),在最新放出的官方練習(xí)題中,因果關(guān)系在修辭目的題中的體現(xiàn)越來越含蓄。這無疑是暗示考生,未來的考試中不一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)明確的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,但仍然考查的是因果關(guān)系。

句間關(guān)系2——比較關(guān)系

涉及的題型有:細(xì)節(jié)題、修辭目的題、推理題、句子插入題。

A 同級(jí)比較 as…as

B 比較級(jí):more…than, -er than, less…than

C 變化:change, alter, vary, modify, revise, increase, decrease, enhance, diminish, develop, progress, advance, improve, retreat, degenerate, continue, remain

D 差異:different, distinguish, separate, same, similar, comparable, compare…to E 超越:surpass, exceed, excel, over F 最高級(jí) 1)本身有最高級(jí)含義:maximum, minimum, peak, outstanding, top 2) 本身程度比較深:amazing, surprising, astonishing, prohibitively high 3) 否定+比較=最高級(jí) No one is more outstanding than him.

從這句話中可以看出,否定加比較表示的是一種最高級(jí)關(guān)系。

比較關(guān)系在句子之間的體現(xiàn)先從修辭目的題說起。

大家可以先用三十秒的時(shí)間來瀏覽下下文的這段話:

Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact,are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.

讀過這篇文章的同學(xué)應(yīng)該不陌生,是官方指南上的第六篇例文,這道題目問的是作者為什么要提及方框內(nèi)的這部分信息。

通過句尾的四個(gè)單詞,同學(xué)們能夠理解到飛機(jī)的這一操作其實(shí)和前文描寫魚在海里游的行為具有相同的道理,也就能判斷出最后兩句話之間是類比的關(guān)系。

所以修辭目的題中對(duì)于比較關(guān)系的考查還是比較容易上手的,無外乎對(duì)比和類比兩個(gè)角度。

在推理題中,比較關(guān)系是常見的推理思路一一“反向推理”的邏輯基礎(chǔ)。例如,官方指南上一篇講到"Himalayas"和"Caledonia"山脈的文章,作者利用了對(duì)比的手法論證山的高度和年齡之間的關(guān)系。不僅有時(shí)間上的比較,也有兩座山之間的比較,這種類型的題目往往是大家容易出錯(cuò)的點(diǎn)。

句間關(guān)系3——例證關(guān)系

涉及的題型有:詞匯題、細(xì)節(jié)題、修辭目的題、推理題、句子插入題。

眾所周知,一篇成熟的議論文,都會(huì)有強(qiáng)有力的例子來證明作者自己的觀點(diǎn)。

所以,例證關(guān)系也是非常重要的句間關(guān)系,這一關(guān)系的體現(xiàn)我們從詞匯題開始說起。

官方指南上有一道詞匯題,提問的對(duì)象是"distort"這個(gè)單詞。

相信很多同學(xué)都認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞,現(xiàn)在,請(qǐng)大家從句間關(guān)系的角度上去重新思考下。

請(qǐng)看下文:

Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

在"distort"這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的后一句就是一個(gè)非常簡單的實(shí)例,通過實(shí)例我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這句話就是對(duì)"distort"最簡單的一種解釋,從而理解出這個(gè)單詞的意思是“誤解”。

在主流的八大題型中,例證關(guān)系體現(xiàn)最頻繁的就是修辭目的題,超過半數(shù)的修辭目的題都是在考查舉例的寫作意圖。這類題目的未來趨勢(shì)是盡量減少關(guān)聯(lián)詞的出現(xiàn),取而代之的是句子的具體表達(dá)。

怎么通過句子的表達(dá)來判斷提問的對(duì)象是否是一個(gè)例子呢?就要從例子的呈現(xiàn)的特點(diǎn)去思考。

比如在一篇議論文中,如果出現(xiàn)了描寫一個(gè)人或者一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的冒險(xiǎn)經(jīng)歷,亦或是他們做實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程,有具體的記敘型要素,那么他們的出現(xiàn)就是為了證明上文中的論點(diǎn)服務(wù)的。

官方指南中講“食草動(dòng)物的飲食習(xí)慣”和“19世紀(jì)的美國政治”兩篇文章中都有典型的例題。

到了推理題中,題干中的對(duì)象多半是一個(gè)“例子”,也就是說我們不僅要讀懂例子本身,更需要去結(jié)合例子和前文觀點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系。

最典型的一道例題在一篇名為“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的長期穩(wěn)定性"的文章中,通過前后句的例證關(guān)系我們才能推理出"redwood forests"可能的生長地帶。雖然例證關(guān)系在推理題中出現(xiàn)比例并沒有在修辭目的題中那么高,但是為了在考場上游刀有余,還是要進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的思維訓(xùn)練。

總之,題型和句間關(guān)系之間是融會(huì)貫通的。

句間關(guān)系4——對(duì)比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

A 對(duì)比:while, whereas, on the other hand

在解釋句子題、插入句子題中,一旦出現(xiàn)對(duì)比關(guān)系,學(xué)生在掌握的基礎(chǔ)上就能非??焖俚呐卸ň溟g和句內(nèi)的關(guān)系。While, whereas 前后連接的是平行結(jié)構(gòu),on the other hand前必定有on one hand,可以用來把握句間關(guān)系。

B 轉(zhuǎn)折:but, although, despite, in spite of, nevertheless, however

轉(zhuǎn)折是托福閱讀的一個(gè)經(jīng)典考點(diǎn)之一,掌握這些轉(zhuǎn)折詞對(duì)考試非常有幫助。

句間關(guān)系5——否定關(guān)系

顯性否定:no, not, never, nor, none neither 隱形否定:fail to, refuse, remove, miss, reject, absence of, lack of 否定前綴:a-, ab-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, non- , un- 否定前綴是詞匯題中經(jīng)常出的一個(gè)考點(diǎn),把握否定前綴可以幫助考生把握一些生詞,依靠否定前綴對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行一個(gè)排除。

雙重否定:not fail to, not illegal, not uncommon, not unavailable 雙重否定是英文中經(jīng)常運(yùn)用的表達(dá)方式,由于在平時(shí)中文對(duì)話中用的很少,隨意對(duì)雙重否定的把握就顯得特別的重要。

托福閱讀雙語材料分享

托福閱讀復(fù)習(xí)中,提升自己的閱讀能力,還是要多進(jìn)行閱讀文章的練習(xí)。這楊能夠幫助大家更全面的提升閱讀能力。為大家整理了詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容,供大家參考練習(xí)。

Japan is like a parallel universe. Here in the land of the free,it’s customary to wash down a mouthful of Cool Ranch Doritos with a refreshingswig of Pepsi. In the land of the rising sun, you’ll find those same tastysnacks, but the corn chips could be anchovy-flavored, and that bottle of Pepsimight taste of spicy, bitter ginger.

日本好像處在另一個(gè)平行世界里。在美國這片自由之地,人們常往嘴里塞一把多力多滋玉米片(Cool Ranch Doritos),再喝一大口清涼的百事可樂(Pepsi)。你在日本也可以找到這些美味可口的零食,但玉米片成了鳳尾魚風(fēng)味,而瓶裝的百事可樂可能是辛辣苦澀的姜味。

We’ve cobbled together this list of Japanese-exclusive flavors ofpopular munchies. From squid ink–flavored ice cream to “man-scented” gum, someof these flavors really leave us scratching our heads.

我們收集整理了那些具有日本特色和風(fēng)味的名點(diǎn)小食。從墨魚汁味冰淇淋到“男人香”味口香糖,有些味道真讓我們摸不著頭腦。

KitKats

奇巧巧克力

KitKats are kind of a big deal in Japan. That’s right—thoserun-of-the-mill, chocolate-covered wafers you binge on during Halloween are arevered super-candy over there.

奇巧巧克力(KitKats)在日本非常熱銷。是這樣沒錯(cuò)——我們?cè)谌f圣節(jié)大吃特吃的那些普通的巧克力脆片,在日本被推崇為一種高級(jí)甜食。

But the Japanese aren't satisfied with coating their biscuits inmilk chocolate and calling it a day. No, KitKats in Japan come in a dizzyingarray of flavors.

但日本人吃牛奶巧克力外脆并不感到滿足,他們的巧克力還有各種各樣的口味。

Green tea, edamame soybean, wasabi, and red bean all sound likeunsurprisingly Asian flavors, but then we get into some really weird stuff.Ginger Ale. Buttered Corn. Hot Chili Pepper.

綠茶、毛豆、芥末和紅豆味都是我們意料之中的亞洲風(fēng)味,但我們還了解到一些匪夷所思的口味,比如姜汁汽水味(Ginger Ale)、奶油玉米味(Buttered Corn)和紅辣椒味(Hot Chili Pepper)。

And then there’s the KitKat Pizza. You probably never thought you’dever see those two words together.

此外還有奇巧披薩(KitKatPizza),你可能從未想過這兩個(gè)詞會(huì)組合到一起。

Pepsi

百事可樂

Aside from the rare occasionswhen PepsiCo tests the waters with new flavors like Holiday Spice, the familiarsoda brand usually doesn’t venture far beyond regular and diet in America.Japan, however, has been blessed with multiple limited-edition variations.

在美國,那些為人熟悉的蘇打水產(chǎn)品并不會(huì)太過出格,除非是百事可樂公司研制“百事假日香料”(Holiday Spice)這類新口味汽水。然而,日本的汽水已經(jīng)有多種限量版口味。

There are Pepsi Pink and Pepsi White, which are strawberry milk– andyogurt-flavored, respectively. And we can see the appeal in Pepsi Strong Shot(extra caffeine and carbonation). Pepsi Ice Cucumber also sounds pretty decent.

日本有粉色和白色的百事可樂,粉色的是草莓牛奶味,而白色的是乳酪味。我們還能看到市面上有百事超碳酸飲品(Pepsi Strong Shot),一種加強(qiáng)了咖啡因含量和碳化飽和度的可樂。冰黃瓜味百事可樂(Pepsi Ice Cucumber)聽起來也不錯(cuò)。

But then there’s Pepsi Gold (ginger-root flavor), Pepsi Azuki Bean(red bean paste–flavored), Pepsi Baobab (monkey bread fruit?), and Pepsi Shiso(an herb). Pepsi brings one of these oddball flavors out every summer, so wecan look forward to plenty more to come.

但日本還有生姜味的金黃百事(Pepsi Gold)、紅豆沙味的紅豆百事(Pepsi Azuki Bean)、猴面包樹果味的面包果百事(Pepsi Baobab)和香草味的紫蘇百事(Pepsi Shiso)。日本百事可樂公司每年夏天都會(huì)推出這些奇特口味的汽水,所以我們可以繼續(xù)拭目以待。

以上,就是本文的全部內(nèi)容分享,希望能給同學(xué)們帶來參考,如果您還有托福閱讀長難句解析其他方面的疑問,歡迎隨時(shí)在線咨詢客服老師。

>> 雅思 托福 免費(fèi)測(cè)試、量身規(guī)劃、讓英語學(xué)習(xí)不再困難<<

- 聲明 -

(一)由于考試政策等各方面情況的不斷調(diào)整與變化,本網(wǎng)站所提供的考試信息僅供參考,請(qǐng)以權(quán)威部門公布的正式信息為準(zhǔn)。

(二)本網(wǎng)站在文章內(nèi)容出處標(biāo)注為其他平臺(tái)的稿件均為轉(zhuǎn)載稿,轉(zhuǎn)載出于非商業(yè)性學(xué)習(xí)目的,歸原作者所有。如您對(duì)內(nèi)容、版 權(quán)等問題存在異議請(qǐng)與本站聯(lián)系,會(huì)及時(shí)進(jìn)行處理解決。

語言考試咨詢
HOT
培訓(xùn)費(fèi)用測(cè)算
英語水平測(cè)試
1
免費(fèi)在線咨詢
免費(fèi)獲取留學(xué)方案
在線咨詢
英語自測(cè)
留學(xué)方案
關(guān)注公眾號(hào)
  • 麗雅老師
  • 小皮老師
  • 小倩老師
  • 小雅老師