新托?？谡ZTask 3解析之題目中的“不變”

　　新托?？谡ZTask 3解析之題目中的“不變”（廣州智美教育老師 吳微微）

　　新托?？谡Z中的Task 3，這是很多同學(xué)既喜歡又害怕做的一個(gè)題。經(jīng)過2個(gè)獨(dú)立題，大家終于不用再糾結(jié)15秒鐘要快速想話題的環(huán)節(jié)了。在Task 3 中，大家不需要構(gòu)思自己的觀點(diǎn)，只需根據(jù)閱讀和聽力材料進(jìn)行話題的概述。但又讓大家害怕的是，Task 3 是一個(gè)綜合題，需要大家結(jié)合閱讀和聽力進(jìn)行作答。這就涉及到大家的綜合聽力、閱讀和口語能力。閱讀材料僅有45秒鐘的時(shí)間進(jìn)行閱讀。讀完很容易出現(xiàn)的情況是忘記閱讀內(nèi)容，或者就是45秒鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)很多同學(xué)根本抓不住閱讀重點(diǎn)。此外，對(duì)于聽力內(nèi)容有些同學(xué)也會(huì)很緊張。

　　閱讀和聽力的內(nèi)容一直在變，應(yīng)該如何備考第三題，去抓住那些變化的點(diǎn)呢？帶著這些疑問，廣州智美教育老師將通過歸納Task 3 的場(chǎng)景，讓大家能夠提高一個(gè)高度，從更本質(zhì)的方面去看待問題，了解第三題中的不變之處。

　　一、不變之處：考點(diǎn)之話題形式

　　話題介紹

　　首先給大家介紹一下整個(gè)話題涉及幾個(gè)主要部分以及內(nèi)容，如下表：

　　注：

　　校園通知通常有以下形式：announcement / policy / notice / decision / plan

　　學(xué)生信件主要包括以下兩種: complaint letter / student proposal

　　二、不變之處：考點(diǎn)之話題場(chǎng)景

　　場(chǎng)景歸納

　　Task 3 主要內(nèi)容出處為校園生活，下面廣州智美教育老師想通過歸納TPO真題給大家分享主要的校園場(chǎng)景話題分類。讓大家能夠?qū)ν懈？谡Z中的校園生活場(chǎng)景有進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)識(shí)。

　　主要?dú)w納為：

　　1. 活動(dòng)、計(jì)劃或者課程的取消

　　TPO 2 — elimination of bus service

　　TPO 3 — hot breakfast eliminated

　　TPO 7 — sculpture course will be discontinued

　　TPO 23 — no more international news

　　2. 地點(diǎn)或者人物等要素的改變

　　TPO 5 — university dining hall being transformed into the Campus Dining Club

　　TPO 10 — art work being displayed at lobby

　　TPO 12 — changes of college radio station

　　TPO 17 — multi-person study tables being changed into personal cubicles

　　TPO 18 — university choir entering off-campus singing competition

　　TPO 21 — weekly newspaper being changed into daily e-mail

　　TPO 22 — campus tour guides being changed

　　3. 校園擴(kuò)建、改善、整修、關(guān)閉

　　TPO 11 — dormitory renovation

　　TPO 13 — new athletic stadium being built

　　TPO 15 — campus running tail being paved with cement

　　TPO 16 — improvement of student health service

　　TPO 24 — close of campus coffee house

　　4. 時(shí)間、費(fèi)用的增加或減少

　　TPO 4 — evening computer classes being added

　　TPO 6 — history seminar should be shorter

　　TPO 19 — fee increase for recreation center use

　　5. 學(xué)習(xí)或校園生活環(huán)境的改善

　　TPO 8 — music coming into cafeterias

　　TPO 14 — students being allowed to eat in the class

　　對(duì)于這些場(chǎng)景的歸納，廣州智美教育老師希望真正去考過試的或者在備考托福的考生們回想一下，你們考過的，或者是平時(shí)練習(xí)的真題是不是基本上不逃脫通知和學(xué)生信件這兩大類形式以及上述歸納的這五大類場(chǎng)景呢？

　　通過認(rèn)識(shí)Task 3 中這些不變的點(diǎn)，再去做一下這一類題，考生們會(huì)不會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)并不是每次都讓大家特別措手不及呢？是否會(huì)覺得更容易上手了呢？了解場(chǎng)景后，廣州智美教育老師將分別從閱讀和聽力兩個(gè)方面給大家介紹Task 3 的答題要點(diǎn)。

　　閱讀要點(diǎn)

　　對(duì)于閱讀，主要想從兩個(gè)方面來談?wù)摚矗洪喿x中的筆記應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)記什么，以及答題要點(diǎn)。下面主要以TPO中的話題來給大家進(jìn)行分析。

　　1. 筆記重點(diǎn)

　　以下，主要按照文章發(fā)展給大家介紹我們筆記中所要記的重點(diǎn)。首先，我們要做的是快速根據(jù)導(dǎo)語確認(rèn)話題形式—announcement還是letter from student。大家可以用簡(jiǎn)單的大寫字母A和L各表示通知和學(xué)生信件。閱讀文章出現(xiàn)后，首先要關(guān)注的是Title，很多情況下我們能夠從題目中讀出文章的主旨何在。如：

　　TPO 2 — elimination of bus service

　　TPO 3 — hot breakfast eliminated

　　TPO 7 — sculpture course will be discontinued

　　TPO 23 — no more international news

　　當(dāng)然也會(huì)有情況我們不理解題目或者想更多的了解話題的主旨，大家可以掃讀閱讀中的第一和第二句話，通常我們能從中得到有關(guān)話題的更具體的信息。

　　1）以下話題中，我們很難根據(jù)題目去進(jìn)行話題主旨了解。前兩句話給了我們足夠的具體信息去了解話題主旨。

　　Campus Dining Club Announced

　　Starting this year, the university dining hall will be transformed into the Campus Dining Club for one week at the end of each semester. During the last week of each semester, the dining hall will feature special meals prepared by the university’s culinary arts students. (TPO5)

　　通過紅色字體，我們可以很快得出，The announcement is about to transform the university dining hall into the campus dining club.

　　2）很多同學(xué)其實(shí)可以從題目去了解話題的主旨，學(xué)校要鋪跑道。

　　University Should Pave Running Trails

　　The university has about three miles of unpaved dirt running trails that pass through the forest near campus. I think these trails should be paved with cement. (TPO15)

　　鋪什么，怎么鋪這些我們都不得而知，從開始的第二個(gè)句子中，大家就可以很好的了解，學(xué)校是想鋪水泥跑道。The running trails in the university will be paced with cement.

　　其次，大家需要找出的是校園通知或者是學(xué)生信件的緣由，為什么要出這樣的通知或者寫信給學(xué)校，一定存在一定的理由。通常在Task 3 中有2個(gè)理由。很多時(shí)候，我們可以通過英文表達(dá)中的邏輯詞匯找到這兩個(gè)點(diǎn)的topic sentence。

　　University Should Allow Eating in Class

　　Currently, there is a university-wide policy that prohibits eating in the classroom. I disagree with this policy. I think students should be allowed to eat in class. This change would be good for two reasons. For one thing, students were permitted to eat, they would be able to concentrate better, because students often get hungry during long classes, and hunger makes it difficult to concentrate. Also, if food were allowed in classrooms, it would be possible for us to have in-class parties on the last day of class—with snack foods and beverages—to celebrate the end of each semester. (TPO 14)

　　通過掃讀邏輯詞匯，大家很快就能找到此次信件的理由：

　　Reason 1: It enables students to have better concentration in the class.

　　Reason 2: It is possible for students to have an in-class party at the end of the semester.

　　會(huì)有這樣一種情況，學(xué)校會(huì)引用某些教授或者領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的原話去表達(dá)?？吹轿恼轮写罅康囊?hào)，那理由必定會(huì)出現(xiàn)在領(lǐng)導(dǎo)話語中，大家不妨從這方面入手找找。

　　Fee Increase for Recreation Center Use

　　The university administration today announced a $25 increase in the student fee for using the campus recreation center. The higher fee, which all students are required to pay, will provide funds to upgrade the facility and provide newer, more modern exercise equipment at the center. “We expect the improvements to increase student use of the facility,” explained David Smith, director of the student activities office. Mr. Smith also noted that the decision was approved because “We feel that $25 is a reasonable increase that will be affordable for individual students.” (TPO 19)

　　開始兩個(gè)句子講明主題后，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)后面大量引號(hào)，那大家就不要看引號(hào)之外去記錄說話人的姓名或者其它信息了，主要去理解并且記錄話語信息。

　　Reason 1: It is assumed that students will use the improved facility more frequently.

　　Reason 2: It is reasonable to charge an extra $25 by the students, and they can afford it.

　　2. 閱讀答題要點(diǎn)

　　閱讀文章的答題要點(diǎn)也就是要求大家能夠整合以上兩個(gè)筆記過程，即主旨和2個(gè)理由。同樣我們選擇以上的TPO 19 來進(jìn)行整合：

　　It is announced by the university administration that students are supposed to charge an extra $25 by using the upgraded facility in the recreation center. It is assumed that students will use the improved facility more frequently. What’s more, they consider that it is reasonable to charge an extra $25 by the students, which is affordable for them.

　　除了理由的整合之外，大家千萬不能忘了兩點(diǎn)之間邏輯詞的呈現(xiàn)。這樣的表達(dá)會(huì)讓大家的結(jié)構(gòu)更加清晰。

　　聽力要點(diǎn)

　　1. 筆記重點(diǎn)

　　根據(jù)聽力的形式，也就是男女學(xué)生對(duì)話這樣一種形式，我們可以進(jìn)行分類筆記，即：把紙張對(duì)折，左邊可以寫上F，右邊可以寫上M，分別表示女學(xué)生female和男學(xué)生male。

　　首先，對(duì)話開始，我們的第一要?jiǎng)?wù)就是去抓住主要說話人(Major speakers)，找出他們說話人的觀點(diǎn)。很多時(shí)候大家可以根據(jù)說話人的語音語調(diào)去判斷，當(dāng)然也可以直接從語言入手。

　　積極的觀點(diǎn)，大家通常能聽到這樣的話語：

　　I think it is a good idea.

　　I really like it.

　　I think it will work.

　　消極的觀點(diǎn)，通常大家能聽到的是：

　　They are making a mistake.

　　I don’t think what she proposes will do much good.

　　I think it is a terrible idea.

　　No, actually, I do not think it is a good idea.

　　I do not think it is gonna work.

　　I do not like the idea.

　　I (totally) disagree.

　　Are they serious?（質(zhì)疑的語調(diào)）

　　I just upset about the article I read this morning.

　　判斷說話人的觀點(diǎn)，大家通?？梢杂梅?hào)進(jìn)行表示，積極觀點(diǎn)可以在說話人旁邊打√，消極觀點(diǎn)則×。其次是記錄主要說話人的觀點(diǎn)。在這里，很多學(xué)生會(huì)感到相當(dāng)?shù)暮ε?，就怕一走神什么都沒聽到，或者什么也聽不懂。糾結(jié)的是沒有選項(xiàng)可以選擇，必須要把內(nèi)容說出來。這就是大家為什么會(huì)覺得口語中的聽力要比真正的聽力簡(jiǎn)單的多，但又覺得口語中的聽力更難的原因。其實(shí)，大家要自信起來，我們聽到的聽力文章，對(duì)于看過閱讀文章的我們來說，并不是一篇全新的聽力。閱讀和聽力之間是存在一定的關(guān)系的。根據(jù)主要說話人的態(tài)度，聽閱主要存在兩種相關(guān)關(guān)系。

　　1）積極觀點(diǎn)：正相關(guān)

　　以TPO 19 為例

　　Fee Increase for Recreation Center Use

　　The university administration today announced a $25 increase in the student fee for using the campus recreation center. The higher fee, which all students are required to pay, will provide funds to upgrade the facility and provide newer, more modern exercise equipment at the center. “We expect the improvements to increase student use of the facility,” explained David Smith, director of the student activities office. Mr. Smith also noted that the decision was approved because “We feel that $25 is a reasonable increase that will be affordable for individual students.” (TPO 19)

　　Reason 1: It is assumed that students will use the improved facility more frequently.

　　Reason 2: It is reasonable to charge an extra $25 by the students, and they can afford it.

　　主要說話人為男學(xué)生，他表示同意話題的內(nèi)容。因此，我們可以判斷，接下去他的觀點(diǎn)將會(huì)更加去加強(qiáng)閱讀中的兩個(gè)點(diǎn)，即：增加學(xué)生使用率和增加費(fèi)用的合理性。會(huì)有一些具體的事實(shí)或者例子來加強(qiáng)觀點(diǎn)。

　　2）消極觀點(diǎn)：負(fù)相關(guān)

　　以TPO 14 為例

　　University Should Allow Eating in Class

　　Currently, there is a university-wide policy that prohibits eating in the classroom. I disagree with this policy. I think students should be allowed to eat in class. This change would be good for two reasons. For one thing, students were permitted to eat, they would be able to concentrate better, because students often get hungry during long classes, and hunger makes it difficult to concentrate. Also, if food were allowed in classrooms, it would be possible for us to have in-class parties on the last day of class—with snack foods and beverages—to celebrate the end of each semester. (TPO 14)

　　Reason 1: It enables students to have better concentration in the class.

　　Reason 2: It is possible for students to have an in-class party at the end of the semester.

　　主要說話人為女學(xué)生，表現(xiàn)為：反對(duì)信件內(nèi)容。因此，會(huì)話中，女學(xué)生表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，主要會(huì)從能夠在上課更專心和期末辦聚會(huì)兩個(gè)點(diǎn)來否定信件內(nèi)容。會(huì)用一些事實(shí)或者論據(jù)來表現(xiàn)她的反對(duì)理由。因此，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)說話人的觀點(diǎn)會(huì)緊扣話題觀點(diǎn)來發(fā)表。閱讀結(jié)束后呈現(xiàn)給我們的并不是完全新的聽力內(nèi)容。

　　2. 語言組織

　　在聽力中，很多學(xué)生會(huì)重復(fù)或過度使用某些詞匯，如agree, disagree, think等。以下主要給大家提供的是一些此類詞匯的同義轉(zhuǎn)換，可以讓大家的句型和用詞更加豐富。

　　認(rèn)為：consider / suppose / in my opinion / from my point of view

　　可能：probably / perhaps / tend to / be likely to

　　同意：agree / be in favor of / hold a positive attitude

　　不同意：totally disagree / oppose to / hold a negative attitude

　　3. 聽力答題要點(diǎn)

　　聽力中，我們要回答的點(diǎn)是：主要說話人的話題觀點(diǎn)，以及對(duì)應(yīng)話題的正相關(guān)或者負(fù)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，同樣以主題句和觀點(diǎn)的方式進(jìn)行描述。綜合TPO 14 的聽力，我們可以這樣進(jìn)行回答：

　　The female student totally disagrees with the proposal. Firstly, she considers that even though eating snacks help some of the students to focus on the class, not all the students in the class can have good concentration. The reason is they will be distracted by the noise like eating crisps or biting fruit. In addition, the end of the semester is, actually, of great importance to the students. They are supposed to use the period of time to review what they have learned and try their best to get a good performance in the examination.

　　通過上面的介紹，希望大家會(huì)對(duì)新托福第三題有進(jìn)一步的了解，包括題型和話題場(chǎng)景這些不變的方面。還有針對(duì)在每個(gè)題目中的閱讀和聽力中變化的點(diǎn)，以及大家應(yīng)該從哪些方面入手去找。希望這些觀點(diǎn)的歸納和總結(jié)會(huì)對(duì)大家回答托?？谡Z第三題有一定的幫助。