托福閱讀表格題

隨著人們經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高，對(duì)于很多家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，留學(xué)不再是一個(gè)可望而不可及的事情，許多人都想要留學(xué)，那其中托福閱讀表格題？針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，下面中國(guó)教育在線小編就來(lái)和大家分享一下。

托福 閱讀表格題

在托福閱讀的題型中，表格類題型有時(shí)的難度系數(shù)也是頗高的。而表格類題目有時(shí)在聽(tīng)力類題目中，也是會(huì)有遇見(jiàn)，而其不同之處就是在于，IBT閱讀部分的表格題既包括了對(duì)全文重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容的發(fā)問(wèn)又包括了對(duì)全文主題和結(jié)論發(fā)問(wèn)。它們以對(duì)比表格和總結(jié)表格的形式出現(xiàn)。相對(duì)于聽(tīng)力表格題來(lái)說(shuō)，閱讀部分的難度系數(shù)更大一些。那么，下面我們就為大家?guī)?lái)一些相關(guān)的例題，希望能為大家的備考帶來(lái)幫助。

一、表格題分為兩大類：總結(jié)表格題和對(duì)比表格題。

1、總結(jié)表格題

相對(duì)而言， 總結(jié)表格題的出現(xiàn)頻率要高于對(duì)比表格題，這是由它們自身特點(diǎn)，出題方式和原文是否具備對(duì)比對(duì)照關(guān)系這三方面的因素決定的。

2、題的出題模式有兩種：

一種是針對(duì)全文內(nèi)容出題，答案由全文的主題，細(xì)節(jié)和重點(diǎn)支持段落的概述三部分組成。另外一種是針對(duì)文章中的重點(diǎn)支持性段落出題，答案由這些重點(diǎn)支持性段落主題，段落結(jié)論，以及重點(diǎn)支持性例子的概述三部分組成。這里我們重點(diǎn)看第一種出題模式。

我們來(lái)看一個(gè)例子，

The Atlantic Cod Fishery

Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.

Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.

By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.

Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.

However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.

Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fish populations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks. ]

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points

The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.

1、Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

2、Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

3、The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s

Answer Choices

(1)Atlantic cod stocks were once plentiful in the rich environment around the Grand Banks.

(2)The Atlantic cod is a groundfish that preys on herring and small fish that eat krill.

(3)Cod fishing was so successful that few people considered the possibility of overfishing until fish stocks fell.

(4)The Canadian government tried to diversity Newfoundland’s economy in the 1980s.

(5)Despite severe limits on fishing, cod stocks remain at low levels and show few signs of recovery.

(6)Newfoundland exports millions of dollars worth of crab and other shellfish every year.

解析托福閱讀圖表填空題

托福閱讀的圖表填空題和文章總結(jié)題類似，一般出現(xiàn)在最后一題，是對(duì)文章中某幾類信息的比較或?qū)Ρ?，同樣考察考生?duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、主要觀點(diǎn)的把握。下面我們就以一道真題為例，來(lái)看看托福閱讀的圖表填空題該如何應(yīng)對(duì)吧。

例題

Directions: Complete the table below by indicating which features of fishes are associated in the passage with reducing water resistance and which are associated with increasing thrust. This question is worth 3 points.

Features of Fishes

1. The absence of scales from most of the body

2. The ability to take advantage of eddies

3. The ability to feed and reproduce while swimming

4. Eyes that do not protrude

5. Fins that are stiff, narrow, and smooth

6. The habit of swimming with the mouth open

7. A high, narrow tail with swept-back tips

托福閱讀圖表填空題要求：對(duì)比文章中的某兩個(gè)部分的內(nèi)容

有的托福閱讀文章是全文的對(duì)照對(duì)比，有的則是重點(diǎn)段落的對(duì)照對(duì)比。這種題目需要先識(shí)別要求對(duì)比的內(nèi)容，并且從原文中搜尋對(duì)應(yīng)的文章段落。本題要求對(duì)比REDUCING WATER RESISTANCE和INCREASING THRUST，因此我們先通過(guò)讀每段的關(guān)鍵句來(lái)確定對(duì)比內(nèi)容所在段落。

托福閱讀圖表填空題解析：

通過(guò)檢索我們發(fā)現(xiàn)以下兩個(gè)段落對(duì)應(yīng)本題：

第三自然段：Tunas, mackerels, and billfishes have made streamlining into an art form. Their bodies are sleek and compact. The body shapes of tunas, in fact, are nearly ideal from an engineering point of view. Most species lack scales over most of the body, making it smooth and slippery. The eyes lie flush with the body and do not protrude at all. They are also covered with a slick, transparent lid that reduces drag. The fins are stiff, smooth, and narrow, qualities that also help cut drag. When not in use, the fins are tucked into special grooves or depressions so that they lie flush with the body and do not break up its smooth contours. Airplanes retract their landing gear while in flight for the same reason.

本段重點(diǎn)陳述了減少水阻力的幾種設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)對(duì)于本段的精讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)陰影處信息可對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)145.

第八自然段：There are adaptations that increase the amount of forward thrust as well as those that reduce drag. Again, these fishes are the envy of engineers. Their high, narrow tails with swept-back tips are almost perfectly adapted to provide propulsion with the least possible effort. Perhaps most important of all to these and other fast swimmers is their ability to sense and make use of swirls and eddies (circular currents) in the water. They can glide past eddies that would slow them down and then gain extra thrust by "pushing off" the eddies. Scientists and engineers are beginning to study this ability of fishes in the hope of designing more efficient propulsion systems for ships.

本段重點(diǎn)介紹了關(guān)于提升推進(jìn)力的幾種設(shè)計(jì)，通過(guò)對(duì)本段的精讀可對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)2和7.選項(xiàng)2和7對(duì)應(yīng)原文中如陰影所示的句子，此題要求學(xué)生在做題時(shí)有快速檢索信息的能力。

托福閱讀考試中需不需要做筆記

大家都知道托福閱讀考試篇幅很長(zhǎng)，因?yàn)槠^(guò)長(zhǎng)，導(dǎo)致有些同學(xué)在看文章的時(shí)候看到后面已經(jīng)忘記了前面的內(nèi)容。那么，托福閱讀是否可以像托福聽(tīng)力考試那樣邊聽(tīng)邊記筆記呢?這樣做是否有助于提高做題的正確率呢?其實(shí)托福閱讀考試中是不建議大家記筆記的。下面，來(lái)給大家分析下托福閱讀考試不記筆記的原因。

一. 托福閱讀出題順序和文章順序一致

我們首先從托福閱讀的出題順序上來(lái)講講為何托福閱讀不需要做筆記。托福閱讀篇幅確實(shí)比較長(zhǎng)，平均字?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到700-750字，想要讀完，并且記住文章內(nèi)容確實(shí)比較苦難。但是大家在做題中會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，其實(shí)托福閱讀的出題順序和文章的順序是一致的(主旨題除外)，前2-3道題都是針對(duì)第一段提問(wèn)，然后接下來(lái)的問(wèn)題是針對(duì)第二段提問(wèn)……所以，從出題的順序上看，是沒(méi)有必要在做閱讀題的時(shí)候做筆記的，邊做題邊看閱讀文章完全可行。

二. 托福閱讀考試時(shí)間緊，沒(méi)有時(shí)間做筆記

接下來(lái)，我們來(lái)從托福閱讀考試時(shí)間上分析下為何不需要做閱讀筆記。托福閱讀每篇考試時(shí)間為20分鐘，具體分配到每一道題的時(shí)間也就一分鐘多一點(diǎn)，所以總的來(lái)看，托福閱讀的考試時(shí)間是非常緊張的，如果大家再在讀文章的時(shí)候記筆記，那么勢(shì)必會(huì)導(dǎo)致做題時(shí)間不足。

三. 記不住文章內(nèi)容是理解力的問(wèn)題

其實(shí)，文章前后內(nèi)容連貫不起來(lái)，究其根本還是理解力有欠缺，通過(guò)記筆記是解決不了問(wèn)題的。如果大家對(duì)文章的理解尚有欠缺，那么建議還是從根本上去做提升，首先過(guò)詞匯關(guān)，然后分析長(zhǎng)難句，如果語(yǔ)法不過(guò)關(guān)的話，也要去補(bǔ)習(xí)一下語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。基礎(chǔ)打好以后，可以看一些托福閱讀的做題技巧，對(duì)于提升做題速度也是幫助的。最后，要回歸到閱讀練習(xí)上來(lái)，多刷題多做練習(xí)。做閱讀練習(xí)時(shí)不建議做題前通讀全文，直接從題目開(kāi)始返回文中找答案即可。

所以，從上文中我們可以看到，托福閱讀筆記是沒(méi)有必要做的，閱讀考試時(shí)間非常緊張，根本沒(méi)有做閱讀筆記的時(shí)間，而且閱讀題的出題順序和文章一直，也沒(méi)有必要做筆記幫助理解。希望大家在托福閱讀練習(xí)的時(shí)候能掌握正確方法，避開(kāi)誤區(qū)。

托福閱讀真題

托福閱讀部分，具體的考試題目?jī)?nèi)容的回顧，可以作為背景知識(shí)，輔助我們更好地備考。因?yàn)橥懈？荚囍?，也有可能重?fù)出題，因此對(duì)于舊題的備考，也不容忽視。為大家整理了11月4日的托福閱讀題目回憶，一起來(lái)看看吧!

托福考試日期：

2018年11月4日

托?？荚噧?nèi)容回憶：

Colonial America and the Navigation Acts

先講了早期英國(guó)殖民者對(duì)美洲的殖民引起一些不滿，因?yàn)槭斩愡^(guò)高且限制他們的一些產(chǎn)品與英國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。后面著重講其實(shí)這種殖民統(tǒng)治也對(duì)美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)有好處，如幫他們買產(chǎn)品到歐洲，有英國(guó)海軍保護(hù)等。最后說(shuō)美國(guó)農(nóng)民雖然參與市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)，但前提還是找滿足自己，所以也會(huì)過(guò)生產(chǎn)來(lái)和別人換。

那么以上就是關(guān)于托福閱讀表格題的相關(guān)內(nèi)容啦，以上內(nèi)容作為參考分享給大家，希望能幫助到有需要的同學(xué)，如果還有更多想要了解的內(nèi)容可以關(guān)注本平臺(tái)繼續(xù)瀏覽。

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