托福閱讀題六選三怎么給分

現(xiàn)在留學(xué)的學(xué)生越來(lái)越多，留學(xué)可以開闊眼界，也能學(xué)習(xí)不一樣的教育體制，而且國(guó)外名校眾多，教育水平也一流。下面小編就來(lái)和大家說(shuō)說(shuō)“托福閱讀題六選三怎么給分”這個(gè)問(wèn)題

托福 閱讀題六選三怎么給分

托福閱讀六選三的題型其考察初衷是要求我們?cè)陂喿x結(jié)束應(yīng)該在頭腦中形成一個(gè)文章的整體框架，涵蓋整篇文章的主要觀點(diǎn)和信息。這就要求我們?cè)陂喿x的時(shí)候，把主要觀點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵信息記錄下來(lái)同時(shí)梳理信息之間的關(guān)系，便于我們?cè)谧x完文章后梳理文章脈絡(luò)。

托福閱讀六選三題目的英文是Prose Summary，即文章小結(jié)題，因此我們找到選項(xiàng)一定要具有概括性，要么就能概括整段，要么就多概括幾段甚至全篇，本來(lái)印刷成本就夠高的了，還整那么多修飾或者具體到不能再具體的點(diǎn)嗎?因此修飾成分、具體舉例成分就是這個(gè)題目的弱點(diǎn)所在。之后我們就要了解一下這種題目的弱點(diǎn)和硬傷了。6個(gè)選項(xiàng)傳達(dá)很多信息了，當(dāng)你把這些信息匯總之后，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)共性是一直都在的，只是我們沒(méi)有挖掘出來(lái)，一旦將共性找出，題目的難度便會(huì)瞬間降低。那么共性在哪里呢?很簡(jiǎn)單，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置以及錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)。因此接下來(lái)，和大家share一下哪些選項(xiàng)我們可以從一上來(lái)就列為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)范疇~~

首先，我們先看一下TPO19-1，羅馬軍隊(duì)這一篇的最后一題的C和D

C：By recruiting unemployed young men for its auxiliary units， the armymade it possible for them to stay in their hometowns and provide financialsupport for their families.

D：The forts contributedto the quality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places whobrought with them new skills and techniques.

重要的部分我已經(jīng)用紅色標(biāo)出，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這兩個(gè)紅色部分就是一樣一樣一樣滴呀，都是by帶的一大坨，而大家想想看，by這個(gè)詞是干什么的呢?修飾!修飾的東西一般都不可能是正確答案，理由很簡(jiǎn)單，ETS的印刷費(fèi)是要錢的，既然給你印出了這么多修飾，那么就一定要達(dá)到迷惑你的目的呀!所以，如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了介詞短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)的一大坨修飾，或者定語(yǔ)從句這種本身就是一大坨修飾的東西，基本可以被pass了。

仍然是這套TPO，我們來(lái)看第二篇，Succession， Climax，and Ecosystems，仍然是最后一題，我們一起來(lái)看A選項(xiàng)

A：Areas that arerecovering from serious disturbances like volcanic eruptions and heavy floodsprovided special opportunities to observe the development of plant communities.

好吧，that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)巨長(zhǎng)無(wú)比的定語(yǔ)從句，所以就直接pass吧。親們，還是那句話，最后一題考的是總結(jié)，本來(lái)選項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)度就是很有限的，寫那么多修飾是要鬧哪樣啊!必須是錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)來(lái)迷惑人的呀，直接刪掉。

我們?cè)倏匆幌耇PO11-3，Begging by Nesting，其中的C選項(xiàng)，如下

The success with which songbird nestlings communicate their hungerto their parents is dependent on the frequencies of the nestlings’ beggingcalls.

不難看出，仍讓是with which帶了一大堆的修飾，當(dāng)我們看到這一大幫修飾的時(shí)候，就義無(wú)返顧的把它列為錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)吧。

相同的例子還有很多，我就不一一贅述了，錯(cuò)誤答案其中一個(gè)特點(diǎn)就是各種修飾，要不然是定語(yǔ)從句，要不然是分詞或者介詞，不論如何，看到這種修飾，直接拉黑，正確答案必須具有總結(jié)性，短短20幾個(gè)單詞，總結(jié)還總結(jié)不過(guò)來(lái)呢，修飾鐵定就木有必要啦。

說(shuō)完修飾成分之后，我們來(lái)進(jìn)入第二個(gè)話題，“比較”。眾所周知，當(dāng)比較結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在選項(xiàng)中的時(shí)候，有80%以上的選項(xiàng)都是錯(cuò)的，除非原文中建立了比較關(guān)系。因此，在最后這個(gè)題目中，如果選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)了比較，很簡(jiǎn)單，just拉黑!我們一起看一些錯(cuò)誤答案。

TPO12-1，Which HandDid They Use?

D：Neanderthal skeletonsoften have longer finger bones in the right hand， which is evidence thatthe right hand was stronger. 不僅有比較還有定語(yǔ)從句，長(zhǎng)得就違章。

TPO12-2， Transition to Sound in Film

選項(xiàng)F：The arrival of sound film technology in theUnited States forced smaller producers in the motion pictureindustry out of business.

TPO13-1，Childrenand Advertising

F：Very young childrenare particularly influenced by host selling， while slightly older childrenare more readily misled by seemingly rational claims such as “the best”.

通過(guò)以上例子我們看出，比較結(jié)構(gòu)的出現(xiàn)確實(shí)很是坑爹，看見(jiàn)就殺，別猶豫，除非你選來(lái)選去發(fā)現(xiàn)只選出來(lái)兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)的話，那咱再看看比較結(jié)構(gòu)是不是在原文出現(xiàn)過(guò)。不過(guò)選出兩個(gè)的話已經(jīng)搞定1分，所以要看投入產(chǎn)出比哦~~

下一個(gè)part，數(shù)字。其實(shí)很容易理解，數(shù)字都是細(xì)節(jié)，總結(jié)中出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)就拉黑。不過(guò)要把年代和時(shí)間除外，因?yàn)橛幸活愇恼戮褪前凑諘r(shí)間和年代排列的，所以時(shí)間和年代是文章重要的信息，如果劃掉，就木有可選的部分啦~~

TPO15-3， Mass Extinction

D：There was aparticularly large mass extinction that occurred around 250 million years agoat the end of the Permian period， whose cause could not be determined.好吧，250出現(xiàn)在了選項(xiàng)中，不是年代也不是時(shí)間，就是個(gè)二百五，直接殺~~

TPO16-2，Developmentof the Periodic Table

F：In the 1890’s， Ramsayand Lord Rayleigh isolated argon and proposed the existence of a new series ofelements.數(shù)字確實(shí)出現(xiàn)了，但是別著急殺來(lái)殺去的，這個(gè)1890是個(gè)年代，所以是重要信息，不能殺啊!!!

接下來(lái)，就是舉例性質(zhì)內(nèi)容，舉例要分大和小，比如OG上一篇opportunist那篇文章，最后一大段說(shuō)的就是OAK這個(gè)東西，是舉例沒(méi)錯(cuò)但是是個(gè)大例子，一大段那么多，因此最終選擇的時(shí)候我們也不能刪掉的。那么什么是小舉例呢，看看TPO21的geothermal energy那篇吧，最后一題的D選項(xiàng)說(shuō)到一個(gè)experiment，好吧，木有看到呀，殺掉，太細(xì)節(jié)的東西了。但是如果總結(jié)性內(nèi)容為了說(shuō)得更加透徹，會(huì)引入一兩個(gè)例子，引入的時(shí)候用such as，這樣的話問(wèn)題不大，因?yàn)橹黧w內(nèi)容是文章主題，這就沒(méi)問(wèn)題。

最后要說(shuō)的就是每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的主體描述對(duì)象和文章各段首句的對(duì)應(yīng)。如果讀完了文章各段首句，發(fā)現(xiàn)木有選項(xiàng)主體描述對(duì)象，那就直接殺吧。各段首句可以理解為概括性描述，而最終我們要選擇總結(jié)性的選項(xiàng)，總結(jié)了半天連各段主體都木有提到，那就洗洗睡吧。所以，如果你有記筆記的習(xí)慣，那就用筆記卡選項(xiàng)就好了;如果木有筆記，也木有時(shí)間，那么就用各段主題句去卡選項(xiàng)，最次的情況就是縮小范圍，當(dāng)然沒(méi)準(zhǔn)卡出來(lái)兩個(gè)你就賺了。

綜上所述，除了我們平時(shí)通常知道的那些錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)之外，一定要再看看選項(xiàng)是否滿足以上所說(shuō)的幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：修飾成為(包括介詞、非謂和定從)過(guò)長(zhǎng);數(shù)字(不包括時(shí)間和年代);比較結(jié)構(gòu);小舉例內(nèi)容;沒(méi)有包括文章各段主句的描述主體。如果真中了，直接殺掉，縮小選項(xiàng)。所以，如果你運(yùn)氣好，你的6選3很可能是4選3或者3選3哦，然后根據(jù)常規(guī)方法好好做就好了。因此，兩步，一篩一選。

我們最后看一個(gè)例子，TPO19-1，羅馬軍隊(duì)，以下是六個(gè)選項(xiàng)

(A) Although the presence of thearmy in certain areas caused resentment among the local population， it providedimportant services such as building infrastructure.

(B) Though the army appropriatedland and some goods， it also paid for many supplies， stimulating local economicgrowth.

(C) By recruiting unemployedyoung men for its auxiliary units， the army made it possible for them to stayin their home towns and provide financial support for their families.

(D) The forts contributed to thequality of local crafts by bringing in artisans from distant places who broughtwith them new skills and techniques.

(E)Largequantities of cash from soldiers’ pay stimulated development， but also drove upprices， making it hard for local residents to afford goods and services.

(F) Roman soldiers started families with local inhabitants， and overthe generations， the military community became a stable part of Britishsociety.

一個(gè)一個(gè)來(lái)看吧，分析如下：

A選項(xiàng)就有一個(gè)such as，而且之前我說(shuō)過(guò)，有such as的可以是對(duì)的，因?yàn)橹黧w是原文概括性內(nèi)容就ok，因此A暫時(shí)不是錯(cuò)的。

B選項(xiàng)有一個(gè)stimulating，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的修飾成分，是對(duì)是錯(cuò)不好說(shuō)，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)成分也不長(zhǎng)啊。

C選項(xiàng)一上來(lái)就一個(gè)By，特別好，殺掉。

D選項(xiàng)中第一行的后一半到第二行全是by，而且包含定從，殺。

E選項(xiàng)有個(gè)making做分詞修飾，和B結(jié)構(gòu)相同，不過(guò)木有B那么長(zhǎng)，很能是錯(cuò)，不過(guò)暫時(shí)不做判斷。

F選項(xiàng)比較安全，沒(méi)有我們說(shuō)過(guò)的點(diǎn)。

因此出判斷：CD是錯(cuò)的，B和E有一個(gè)是對(duì)的，AF尚可。再回文章判斷B和E就好了，余下的內(nèi)容就是各自回到各自的定位區(qū)間去判斷。這樣一來(lái)6選3變成了4選3，而且你已經(jīng)選出兩個(gè)了，那么就很爽了~~

托福閱讀六選三題型

“六選三”的主旨題是托福閱讀最后一道大題最常出現(xiàn)的題型之一，即從六個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選取三個(gè)，加上給出的句子，合成對(duì)全文主要觀點(diǎn)的概括。正確選項(xiàng)的特征是"the most important ideas in the passage"，是文章的核心信息;反過(guò)來(lái)說(shuō)，錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)除了可能是文章根本沒(méi)有涉及的信息之外，典型特征之一是過(guò)多關(guān)注文章細(xì)節(jié)而不是主要觀點(diǎn)。下面我們以兩個(gè)題目分別來(lái)看如何判斷主旨信息和細(xì)節(jié)信息。

例題1：MINERALS AND PLANTS

下面分別是文章每段段首的信息：

Paragraph 1 Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development.

Paragraph 2 Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or stem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant.

Paragraph 3 Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions.

Paragraph 4 While mineral deficiencies can limit the growth of plants, an overabundance of certain minerals can be toxic and can also limit growth.

Paragraph 5 Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyper accumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal.

Paragraph 6 Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals - an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation.

題目：

Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and development.

1. Some plants are able to accumulate extremely high levels of certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.

2. Though beneficial with lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.

3. When plants do not absorb sufficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.

4. Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much research has been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.

5. Some plants can tolerate comparatively low levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.

6. Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cured by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution.

正確選項(xiàng)是123。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)1對(duì)應(yīng)第5和6段;選項(xiàng)2對(duì)應(yīng)第4段;選項(xiàng)3對(duì)應(yīng)第2段。這是因?yàn)?，所謂的文章主要信息，其實(shí)就是某一段或幾段的主旨信息。因此，如果有的選項(xiàng)不確定，可以回到文中把每段的主旨信息找到，作為判斷的依據(jù)。

除了選出正確選項(xiàng)外，還要擅長(zhǎng)排除錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)。常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)是文章提到的細(xì)節(jié)信息。那么細(xì)節(jié)信息的特征是什么?先看例子。

例題2：APPLIED ARTS AND FINE ARTS

題目：

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

This passage discusses fundamental differences between applied-art objects and fine-art objects.

Answer Choices

○Applied-art objects fulfill functions, such as containing or sheltering, and objects with the same function have similar characteristics because they are constrained by their purpose.

○It is easy to recognize that Shang Dynasty vases are different from Inca vases.

○Fine-art objects are not functional, so they are limited only by the properties of the materials used.

○Renaissance sculptors learned to use iron braces to strengthen the internal structures of bronze statues.

○In the twentieth century, fine artists and applied artists became more similar to one another in their attitudes toward their materials.

○In all periods, fine artists tend to challenge the physical limitations of their materials while applied artists tend to cooperate with the physical properties of their materials.

錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)為245.它們共同的特點(diǎn)是：細(xì)節(jié)信息，具體體現(xiàn)在：選項(xiàng)2里的Shang Dynasty vases, 選項(xiàng)4的Renaissance sculptors, 選項(xiàng)5里的in the twentieth century和similar。這些細(xì)節(jié)信息的具體特征是：人名、地名、數(shù)字、年代等等。尤其當(dāng)這些信息出現(xiàn)在句子主干處時(shí)，要格外當(dāng)心!

托福閱讀真題練習(xí)

托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：雕塑的文本+題目+答案

托福閱讀文本：

The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was far from a rich one, and in fact, in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and craftspeople. Stone carvers engraved their motifs of skulls and crossbones and other religious icons of death into the gray slabs that we still see standing today in old burial grounds. Some skilled craftspeople made intricately carved wooden ornamentations for furniture or architectural decorations, while others caved wooden shop signs and ships' figureheads. Although they often achieved expression and formal excellence in their generally primitive style, they remained artisans skilled in the craft of carving and constituted a group distinct from what we normally think of as "sculptors" in today's use of the word.

On the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired, Americans turned to foreign sculptors, as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina, commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt. Wilton also made a lead equestrian image of King George III that was created in New York in 1770 and torn down by zealous patriots six years later.A few marble memorials with carved busts, urns, or other decorations were produced in England and brought to the colonies to be set in the walls of churches — as in King's Chapel in Boston. But sculpture as a high art, practiced by artists who knew both the artistic theory of their Renaissance-Baroque-Rococo predecessors and the various technical procedures of modeling, casting, and carving rich three-dimensional forms, was not known among Americans in 1776. Indeed, for many years thereafter, the United States had two groups from which to choose — either the local craftspeople or the imported talent of European sculptors.

The eighteenth century was not one in which powered sculptural conceptions were developed.

Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans — originally trained as stonemasons, carpenters, or cabinetmakers — attacked the medium from which they sculpture made in the United States in the late eighteenth century.

托福閱讀題目：

1. What is the main idea of the passage ?

(A) There was great demand for the work of eighteenth-century artisans.

(B) Skilled sculptors did not exist in the United States in the 1770's.

(C) Many foreign sculptors worked in the United States after 1776.

(D)American sculptors were hampered by a lack of tools and materials.

2. The word "motifs" in line 3 is closest in meaning to

(A) tools

(B) prints

(C) signatures

(D) designs

3. The work of which of the following could be seen in burial grounds?

(A) European sculptors

(B) Carpenters

(C) Stone carves

(D) Cabinetmakers

4. The word "others" in line 6 refers to

(A) craftspeople

(B) decorations

(C) ornamentations

(D) shop signs

5. The word "distinct" in line 9 is closest in meaning to

(A) separate

(B) assembled

(C) notable

(D) inferior

6. The word "rare" in line 11 is closest in meaning to

(A) festive

(B) infrequent

(C) delightful

(D) unexpected

7. Why does the author mention Joseph Wilton in line 13?

(A) He was an English sculptor who did work in the United States.

(B) He was well known for his wood carvings

(C) He produced sculpture for churches.

(D) He settled in the United States in 1776.

8. What can be inferred about the importation of marble memorials from England?

(A) Such sculpture was less expensive to produce locally than to import

(B) Such sculpture was not available in the United States.

(C) Such sculpture was as prestigious as those made locally.

(D) The materials found abroad were superior.

9. How did the work of American carvers in 1776 differ from that of contemporary sculptors?

(A) It was less time-consuming

(B) It was more dangerous.

(C) It was more expensive.

(D) It was less refined.

托福閱讀答案：

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