托福閱讀天文學(xué)詞匯
2023-10-18 16:48:23 來源:中國教育在線
托福閱讀天文學(xué)詞匯,很多同學(xué)對于這個問題有疑問和不解,那么下面就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。
托福 閱讀天文學(xué)詞匯
天文學(xué)是托??疾斓闹攸c學(xué)科領(lǐng)域之一,尤其是托福聽力和托福閱讀,無論是考察頻次和考察難度都非常高,那么這個時候如果我們能夠掌握一些重點學(xué)科詞匯,對我們更快更精準(zhǔn)地理解閱讀和聽力材料就會大有裨益,下面我們就來看一下托??荚囍懈哳l出現(xiàn)的20個天文學(xué)科重點詞匯和例析。
1. Cosmos 宇宙
Cosmology 宇宙學(xué)
Cosmologist 宇宙學(xué)家
例句:Philosopher and physicist Stephen Hawking is probably the world's most famous cosmologist.哲學(xué)家和物理學(xué)家史蒂芬霍金也許是全球著名的宇宙學(xué)家之一。
2. Asteroid n.小行星 adj.星狀的
Asteroid belt 小行星帶
例句:Many asteroids have been placed in groups and families based on their orbital characteristics. 人們根據(jù)軌道特征對許多小行星進(jìn)行分類。
3. Axis n.軸;軸心國(納粹德國、意大利王國和日本帝國)
英文釋義:an imaginary line that passes through Earth’s center and its North and South Poles;the center around which something rotates
例句:The Earth rotates on an axis between the north and south poles.地球繞著南北兩極之間的地軸自轉(zhuǎn)。
4. Big Bang n.宇宙大爆炸(一種關(guān)于宇宙起源的學(xué)說)
英文釋義:theory that an explosion created the universe many billions of years ago
根據(jù)霍金的時間簡史,大爆炸是宇宙開端的奇點;大擠壓則是宇宙終結(jié)的奇點。
這個詞還可以指1986年10月27日倫敦證交所的“創(chuàng)世大爆炸”改革
5. Black hole n. 黑洞(宇宙中包括光線在內(nèi)的一切事物都會被吸入的區(qū)域)
英文釋義:an area in outer space into which everything near it, including light, is pulled.
時空的一個區(qū)域,因為那里的引力是如此之強,以至于任何東西,甚至光都不能從該處逃逸出來。
6. Comet n.彗星
英文釋義:an object in outer space that develops along, bright tail when it passes near the sun
來自于拉丁語cometa,長發(fā)。因形狀如拖著的長頭發(fā)而得名。
Halley’s comet 哈雷彗星
7. Constellation n. 星座
英文釋義:a group of stars that forms a particular pattern and has a name.
A star in the constellation of Orion獵戶座的一顆恒星
Zodiac 黃道帶,指太陽、月亮及行星所行經(jīng)區(qū)域構(gòu)成的假想帶
上個世紀(jì)70年代舊金山出現(xiàn)的自稱“十二宮”的連環(huán)殺手。
Chinese Zodiac生肖
8. Dark matter n. 暗物質(zhì)
英文釋義:a type of matter that scientists think may exist that does not give off electromagnetic radiation but is quite abundant in the universe
“存在于星系、星團中以及也許在星系團之間的,不能被直接觀測到的但是能用它的引力效應(yīng)檢測到的物質(zhì)。宇宙物質(zhì)的90%可能采取暗物質(zhì)的狀態(tài)”——《時間簡史》
9. Ellipse n.橢圓
英文釋義:an elongated circle, or oval shape;shape of planetary orbits
例句:If this is an ellipse around the Earth,then this would be perigee and this would be apogee.
如果這是一個圍繞地球的橢圓形軌道,那么這是近地點,這是遠(yuǎn)地點。
Elliptical machine橢圓機
10. Equinox n.春分,秋分,晝夜平分點
英文釋義:one of the two times in a year when night and day are of equal length
例句:Why was the rising Sun due east one day after the equinox?
為什么是春分后一天太陽正好從東方升起?
The spring equinox春分
11. Galaxy n.銀河;星系
英文釋義:a collection of stars, star systems,dust, and gas bound together by gravity
the Milky Way 銀河
源自于希臘語galaxias,詞根gala意為“乳汁”,古希臘人認(rèn)為銀河是天后赫拉的乳汁流淌而成的。
例句:There are three main types of galaxy: spiral,elliptical, and irregular
星系主要有三種類型:螺旋形、橢圓形、和形狀不規(guī)則的星系。
12. Light year n. 光年(約為94605億千米)
英文釋義:the distance that light travels in one year; about 9.46 trillion kilometers
13. Meteor 流星
英文釋義:any of the small solid galactic bodies that enter the earth's atmosphere
Astronomers track large meteors using radar天文學(xué)家使用雷達(dá)跟蹤大型流星
Luminous meteors極光
14. Nebula n.星云
英文釋義:clouds of gas or dust in the universe that are made visible by the light of neighboring stars
例句:Light takes as long as 1500 years to reach Earth from the distant Horsehead Nebula 光需要1500年從馬頭星云傳播到地球
15. Gravity n.重力;
英文釋義:the force of attraction between all masses in the universe
例句:Because of the moon's smaller mass, its gravity is only one sixth of that on Earth.由于月球的質(zhì)量較小,其重力僅為地球的六分之一
Gravity另有“莊重”、“嚴(yán)肅”的意思
16. Orbit n./v.軌道;繞…作軌道運行
英文釋義:the path of an object as it revolves around another object in space
例句:The satellite orbits the Earth every 48 hours. 這顆人造衛(wèi)星每48小時繞地球運行一周
17. Rotation n.自轉(zhuǎn);旋轉(zhuǎn)
英文釋義:the spinning motion of a planet on its axis
例句:The Earth's rotation takes 24 hours. 地球自轉(zhuǎn)需要24小時
18. solar eclipse 日蝕
英文釋義:when the Moon passes between the Sun and the Earth
lunareclipse 月蝕
英文釋義:when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the Moon
19. Solstice n.至;至點
來自于古拉丁語“point at which the sun seems to stand still”字面意思即太陽停止的地方。
英文釋義:the time that Earth’s poles point at their greatest angle toward or away from the Sun
Summer solstice 夏至
Winter solstice冬至
20. Tide n.海潮;潮汐
英文釋義:the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the Moon
Time and tide wait for no man.“歲月不待人”
Turn the tide 扭轉(zhuǎn)局勢;力挽狂瀾
托福閱讀強化練習(xí)附答案
為了輔助大家更好地備考托福閱讀考試,協(xié)調(diào)自己的閱讀能力,為大家整理了一些強化練習(xí),希望對大家接下來的閱讀備考都有一定的幫助。詳細(xì)內(nèi)容如下:
(一)快速檢索單詞:請在30秒內(nèi)完成。
用下劃線在右側(cè)詞群中標(biāo)出出現(xiàn)的每個與左邊單詞相同的詞。
1) sought sought fought sought fought sought fought
2) minks sinks minkes minks sinks sinks sink
3) phrase phase phase phrase phase phase phase
4) chrome chrome chronic chrome chronic chrome
5) bright light brought bright right bring bright
6) discovery discover discovery recovery recover discuss
7) whale whale wheel whale whaling white
8) nature nurture natural nature nurse nature
9) mammal animal mammal mammon mammoth mammal
10) visionvisual vision virtual vision visional
時間:_____秒。正確:_____個。 在橫線上標(biāo)出左邊單詞出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)。
1) whirl whirr whim whirl whim whirr whirl ______
2) altaralter alter alter altar altar after altar ______
3) course coarse course course coarse coarse ______
4) whirl whirr whim whirr whim whirr whim ______
5) breath breathe breathe breathe breath breath ______
6 course coarse course course coarse coarse ______
7) radar reader read radar reader radar ______
8) perceive perception perceive perceive perception perceptive ______
9) navigate navigate negative navigate navigation navigate ______
10) adapt adapt adopt adaption accept adapt ______
時間:_____秒。正確:_____個。(第四個故意沒有左邊單詞,目的是提醒大家不要回視。要么第一次就看到,要么就干脆漏掉。)
(二) 快速短語識別:用下劃線標(biāo)出出現(xiàn)的所有第一個詞組。請在15秒內(nèi)完成。
1 industrial world
water per person population explosion food production electricity world industrial world water policies industrial world innovative layoutindustrial process falling behind violence world soil quality industrial revolution continue to raise international tensions
2 economic benefit
economy benefit economic growth economic development economy policy
electricity service economical engine effective solution economic benefit
efficient beginner effective skills economic benefit economical design
economic benefit economically fit economic activities
(三)快速識別替換詞。請在35秒內(nèi)完成。
mistaken - misconceptions misunderstand misuse misspell mischance change - view define modify access contain dominant involve - revolve intake follow contain invite invoice tiny - very swift very strong very small very sharp very quick speaking two language – contemporary texts bilingual rhythmic hearty
6. destroy - destruct decide rebuild construct
7. gigantic - excited foolish dangerous huge tiny particular
8. local - abroad board import domestic transport
9. vanish - to paint to disappear to defeat to suffer to decline
10. gloomyfoolish sad timid open poetic slender
11. purchase -to double something to succeed to buy something to lend something
12. hazard - a danger a storm a battle a fire a pound a pool
13. demanding job- precious task difficult job individual job related job
14. habitat - a place to live a habit to follow a person to inform
15. distinguished - eminent heritage poisonous contrast extend
答案:misconception, modify, contain, very small, bilingual, destruct, huge, domestic, to disappear, sad, to buy something, a danger, difficult job, a place to live, eminent
新托福閱讀背景知識分享
托福閱讀想要拿到高分,大家在復(fù)習(xí)備考中,還是要多了解一些背景知識,一方面輔助我們更好地理解原文內(nèi)容,一方面也有助于大家進(jìn)行閱讀的練習(xí)。兩全其美。為大家整理了相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,供大家參考。
為什么赤道地區(qū)不能形成臺風(fēng)?
因為科氏力能使氣流轉(zhuǎn)彎,但赤道地區(qū)沒有科氏力,所以雖然赤道地區(qū)很熱,但仍無法形成臺風(fēng),必須在緯度5度以上,才有足夠的科氏力。 在橫渡大西洋前往圣薩爾瓦多的時候,哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)蔚藍(lán)色的海洋中,有一道深藍(lán)色的河流自東向西流動著。這時,帆船快速地隨波漂流。哥倫布在日記中寫道:“我注意到海水明顯地自東向西流動,好像上帝驅(qū)使的一樣。”
其實,哥倫布看到的那道深藍(lán)色的“河流”就是海流。海流是海水大規(guī)模相對穩(wěn)定的運動,它遍及世界各個大洋,組成一個個好似封閉的循環(huán)。海流的運動有很多奇怪的地方。
首先,它運動的方向會在慣性作用下發(fā)生偏轉(zhuǎn)。這個現(xiàn)象是物理學(xué)家科里奧利首先提出來的,人們就稱這種力叫“科氏力”。
假設(shè)在沒有科氏力作用下,海洋中運動的船只會沿著直線行進(jìn)。然而,在科氏力作用下,船只的前進(jìn)方向馬上就改變了。由于我們這個裝置是模擬地球北半球的運動,所以,偏轉(zhuǎn)的方向會向右。
關(guān)于托福閱讀天文學(xué)詞匯這個問題本文的分享就到這里結(jié)束了,如果您還想了解更多相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,那么可以持續(xù)關(guān)注本頻道。
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