托福閱讀中的詞匯積累

近年來，越來越多的中國(guó)學(xué)子選擇留學(xué)，那其中托福閱讀中的詞匯積累？本文則針對(duì)這個(gè)問題，為大家整理了資料，接下來咱們就一起往下了解吧。

托福 閱讀中的詞匯積累

托福閱讀復(fù)習(xí)備考中，對(duì)于詞匯的積累，也是我們備考的重要內(nèi)容之一。具體的對(duì)于托福閱讀詞匯，我們應(yīng)該如何積累呢?為大家整理了詳細(xì)的內(nèi)容，供大家參考。

眾所周知，托福的詞匯量需要達(dá)到8000+才能夠獲取比較理想的分?jǐn)?shù)?？墒?000+的詞匯量是什么概念呢?一個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生，按老師要求正常進(jìn)行英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的情況下：初中畢業(yè)詞匯量在2000左右;高中畢業(yè)3500左右;通過大學(xué)四級(jí)考試，詞匯量在4200左右;通過大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試，詞匯量在5500左右。所以，8000+的詞匯量即為在不同基礎(chǔ)之上，至少添加2500的詞匯，其中包含至少1600的學(xué)科詞匯。所謂學(xué)科詞匯，即為不同科學(xué)的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，如：mammoth(猛犸象), quartz(石英), limestone(石灰?guī)r), marble (大理石)，granite(花崗巖)，magma(巖漿)等等。對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)詞匯都沒有掌握得很好的學(xué)生來說，背誦這些單詞，簡(jiǎn)直“難于上青天”。

面對(duì)如此多而雜的托福閱讀詞匯，我們首先要做的是靜下心來，想一想托福閱讀考試的目的：說白了，托福是一項(xiàng)語(yǔ)言考試，并不考學(xué)生對(duì)某專業(yè)或某學(xué)科的知識(shí)掌握程度;也不考學(xué)生對(duì)專業(yè)詞匯的理解水平;主要考的是在專業(yè)文章的背景之下，學(xué)生能夠獲得什么樣的信息，怎樣利用這些信息，解決跟文章相關(guān)的一些問題。

由上述目的，我們可以看出：其實(shí)專業(yè)詞匯的理解并沒有那么重要。重要的是，我們?cè)趺蠢梦恼滦畔⑦M(jìn)行解題。因此，我們把托福閱讀的詞匯分成兩類：

學(xué)科詞匯

非學(xué)科詞匯

學(xué)科詞匯

在大部分學(xué)生的眼里，學(xué)科詞匯不僅生僻而且難寫，跟日常生活沒有太大的聯(lián)系，“不接地氣”。剛開始準(zhǔn)備托福閱讀的學(xué)生，往往都是買一本學(xué)科分類詞匯，開始狂背起來。背了一個(gè)月之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)連A開頭的單詞都沒背完，自信心嚴(yán)重受挫，致使后來的學(xué)習(xí)也無心進(jìn)行。

其實(shí)，筆者不建議大家花太多時(shí)間去背閱讀的學(xué)科詞匯。相反，對(duì)閱讀里的學(xué)科詞匯，我們應(yīng)該采取“冷”處理的方式，即不背誦，偶爾拿出來翻看。如果在閱讀中遇到，則把其想象成不同的整體，用不同的符號(hào)如“*”, “%”,“&”等來代替;也可直接用該詞匯首字母代替其本身，旨在快速找出本句話的主干意思。例如：

Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids.(摘自TPO 34 Protection of Plants by Insects)

本句話中的學(xué)科詞匯有：floral nectar, extrafloral nectar, dissolved sugars, amino acids。如果大家糾結(jié)這些單詞的意思的話，時(shí)間很快就過去了，也弄不明白到底講的是什么。我們可以把這幾個(gè)學(xué)科詞匯分別想成一個(gè)整體，看成是“*” “%” “&” “#”, 翻譯成中文，意思就會(huì)變成：像floral nectar(*)一樣，extrafloral nectar(%)有很多水分，dissolved sugars(&)量比較多，在有些植物體中，會(huì)有少量的amino acids(#)。這樣下來，主干意思出來了，句子的邏輯關(guān)系也梳理的清楚了，學(xué)生也不用背這些學(xué)科詞匯了。

非學(xué)科詞匯

非學(xué)科詞匯包含動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞和非專業(yè)名詞(學(xué)科名詞之外的其他名詞)。這些詞匯在托福閱讀中占比較大，而且是理解句子主干和意思的關(guān)鍵，因此，非學(xué)科詞匯是必須要好好背誦的。

Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids.(摘自TPO 34 Protection of Plants by Insects)

利用該句子，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)：如果不認(rèn)識(shí)floral nectar, extrafloral nectar, dissolved sugars, amino acids, 而認(rèn)識(shí)這些單詞之外的其他所有詞匯，那么本句話的意思還是能說得通的，起碼我們知道“誰”“做了”“什么事”。但是如果我們不認(rèn)識(shí)consists, mainly, content, amounts, 即便我們認(rèn)識(shí)其他學(xué)科詞匯，也不明白在講什么。由此可見，非學(xué)科詞匯的背誦才是重中之重。

托福閱讀詞匯題遇到生詞怎么辦

托福閱讀考試中，詞匯提醒主要考察大家對(duì)于陌生詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意思，大多部分的詞匯考生可能復(fù)習(xí)不到。那么面對(duì)這種情況，我們?nèi)绾文軌虿聹y(cè)出生詞的語(yǔ)義呢?下面我們就通過實(shí)例來為大家解析相關(guān)的技巧。

我們來看一道新托?？荚嚬俜街改仙系念}目：

Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.

6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. explained

B. visible

C. identified

D. located

這道題目很多同學(xué)會(huì)選擇第四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(locate：坐落于…)，將這個(gè)含義帶入到語(yǔ)句當(dāng)中，意思也通順，指Basilosaurus坐落于撒哈拉沙漠。但是這里需要注意的是，托福的詞匯題并不是選項(xiàng)帶入搭配合適就一定是正確答案，而是應(yīng)該從語(yǔ)境入手來選擇。

正確的做法是，首先查看生詞附近有無并列，轉(zhuǎn)折等語(yǔ)境上的含義暗示。本句當(dāng)中，生詞的前方有“and”來暗示并列，而從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來看，前半句中的動(dòng)詞“found”，意思是“找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)”，那么后半句的exposed對(duì)應(yīng)語(yǔ)境也應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)現(xiàn)某物，即找到，或者看見某物。因此這道題目的正確答案選擇B(visible：可看見的)。

托福閱讀真題練習(xí)

托福閱讀真題練習(xí)：繪畫藝術(shù)的文本+題目+答案

托福閱讀文本：

By 1776 the fine art of painting as it had developed in western Europe up to this time had been introduced into theAmerican colonies through books and prints, European visitors and immigrants,and traveling colonists who brought back copies (and a few original) of old master paintings and acquaintance with European art institutions.

By the outbreak of the revolution against British rule in 1776, the status of the artists had already undergone change. In the mid-eighteenth century, painters had been willing to assume such artisan-related tasks as varnishing, gilding teaching, keeping shops, and painting wheel carriages, houses, and signs. The terminology by which artists were described at the time suggests their status: "limner" was usually applied to the anonymous portrait painter up to the 1760's;"painter" characterized anyone who could paint a flat surface. By the second half of the century,colonial artists who were trained in England or educated in the classics rejected the status of laborer and thought of themselves as artists. Some colonial urban portraitists, such as John Singleton Copley, Benjamin West, and Charles Wilson Peale, consorted with affluent patrons.

Although subject to fluctuations in their economic status, all three enjoyed sufficient patronage to allow them to maintain an image of themselves as professional artists, an image indicated by their custom of signing their paintings. A few art collectors James Bowdoin III of Boston, William Byrd of Virginian, and the Aliens and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to visit their galleries, especially aspiring artists, and established in their respective communities the idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.

Although the colonists tended to favor portraits, they also accepted landscapes, historical works, and political engravings as appropriate artistic subjects. With the coming of independence from the British Crown, a sufficient number of artists and their works were available to serve nationalistic purposes. The achievements of the colonial artists, particularly those of Copley, West,and Peale, lent credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste — a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new republic.

托福閱讀題目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) European influence on colonialAmerican painting

(B) The importance of patronage to artist

(C) The changing status of artists in theAmerican colonies in the eighteenth century

(D) Subjects preferred by artists in theAmerican colonies in the eighteenth century.

2. The word "outbreak" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) cause

(B) beginning

(C) position

(D) explanation

3. The word "undergone" in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) led to

(B) transformed

(C) preferred

(D) experienced

4.According to the passage , before the American Revolution the main task of limners was to

(A) paint wheel carriages

(B) paint portraits

(C) varnish furniture

(D) paint flat surfaces

5. It can be inferred from the passage that artists who were trained in England

(A) considered artists to be superior to painters

(B) barely painted portraitists

(C) were often very wealthy

(D) imitated English painters

6. The word "consorted" in line 14 is closest in meaning to

(A) made decisions

(B) studies

(C) agreed

(D) associated

7. The word "sufficient" in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) adequate

(B) temporary

(C) friendly

(D) expensive

8.According to the passage , artists such as Copley, West and Peal signed their paintings

(A) increased the monetary value of the paintings

(B) made it more difficult for other artists to copy the paintings

(C) supported the artists' image of professionalism

(D) distinguished colonialAmerican artists from European artists

9. The author mentions James Bowdoin III and William Byrd in line 17 as examples of which ofthe following?

(A)Art gallery owners who displayed only European art

(B)Art collectors who had a profound influence on American attitudes toward art

(C)Artists who gave financial support to other artists

(D) Patrons whose helped to encourage artisans to become artists

10. With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) Countries that have not had a political revolution are unlikely to develop great art.

(B) The most successful art collectors are usually artists themselves.

(C) The value of colonialAmerican paintings decreased after the Revolution.

(D) Colonial artists made an important contribution to the evolving culture of the new nation.

托福閱讀答案：

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