雅思作文應(yīng)該怎么寫
2023-08-13 17:37:26 來源:中國教育在線
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雅思 作文應(yīng)該怎么寫
很多雅思考生一到雅思寫作考試就容易卡殼,想要表達(dá)的單詞想不出,熟悉的寫作單詞不會(huì)用,單詞搭配不熟悉,等等問題,導(dǎo)致雅思分?jǐn)?shù)始終難以提高。下面是小編搜集整理的關(guān)于雅思作文應(yīng)該怎么寫的資料,歡迎查閱。
第一、要擴(kuò)充詞匯,分類記憶相關(guān)詞匯。
雅思詞匯不是孤立地存在于文章中的,它必定是與一定的話題或語境相聯(lián)系的,因此,我們在記憶雅思詞匯時(shí),可以采取按照話題分類記憶的方法。這樣,比起"字典式"A-Z的記憶法,分類記憶不僅高效,而且我們遇到相關(guān)話題時(shí),也可以將這些相關(guān)詞匯隨手拈來,在寫作中自然是得心應(yīng)手,事半功倍。
雅思的寫作話題基本上可以劃分為教育、科技、文化、政府、媒體和環(huán)境這六大類。我們在記憶單詞的時(shí)候,可以按照這些話題分類來背相關(guān)詞匯和短語,比如說"環(huán)境"這個(gè)話題,我們可以將"chemical-waste"(化工廢料)、"disposable products"(一次性產(chǎn)品)、 "ecology"(生態(tài)學(xué))和"desertification"(沙漠化)等這些跟環(huán)境有關(guān)的詞匯和短語一起打包記憶,不僅可以拓寬我們的思路,而且在論證的過程中也可以讓我們的論據(jù)充分,論證有力。
第二、要分辨詞義,用詞準(zhǔn)確。
正如前文中所提到的,盡管中文意思相同,許多英語單詞在內(nèi)涵意義,感情色彩和文化內(nèi)涵上都是有所區(qū)別的,因此,我們在記憶詞匯,尤其是同義詞時(shí),一定要清楚明白每個(gè)單詞使用的具體語境是什么,切忌不顧一切,隨意替換。比如"family"和"home"在中文都是"家"的意思,而"family"主要是指家庭成員,"home"則是指家庭住宅,其內(nèi)涵意義是截然不同的。再者,要注意每個(gè)單詞的固定搭配,切忌"閉門造詞",想當(dāng)然地用中式英語寫作。
第三、要學(xué)會(huì)巧用同義詞、反義詞和派生詞。
在雅思寫作中,要想做到詞匯的多樣性和表達(dá)的準(zhǔn)確高效性,除了詞匯的同義替換之外,反義詞與派生詞也是不錯(cuò)的 "秘密武器"。同義詞在此就不再多費(fèi)筆墨了,只是提醒廣大考生在使用時(shí)要注意具體語境,能做到具體情況具體分析。
而巧用反義詞和派生詞,不僅可以讓我們的行文詞匯富于變化,而且在句式表達(dá)方式也可以多變。如 "Fads are not unique to the United States. It is generally believed that fades are common in any country that has a strong consumer economy。",句中的"unique"和"common"這對反義詞的妙用就避免了簡單詞匯的重復(fù)使用,也使原文肯定句與否定句交錯(cuò)使用,句型上也做到了多樣性。
雅思作文高分要點(diǎn)
要點(diǎn)一:涵蓋題目所有要求
拿官方網(wǎng)站最新公布的留學(xué)類第一篇作文樣題為例,兩個(gè)圖表分別顯示的是1985年到1995年日本國民海外游的數(shù)量變化以及其中去澳大利亞旅游的人數(shù)的變化。在寫這篇文章時(shí),考生應(yīng)首先將十年來日本國民海外游的數(shù)量變化趨勢以及去澳大利亞的人數(shù)變化趨勢概括出來,然后進(jìn)行細(xì)化,看其趨勢的變化有沒有起伏、如何表現(xiàn)等,再對兩組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行比較,最后進(jìn)行總結(jié),這樣才能充分涵蓋題目的要求。如果只是簡單的羅列堆砌,不做任何的分析、概括和比較,扣分就難以避免了。
因此,考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考階段不要盲目地練寫文章,要多訓(xùn)練提高信息歸類和概括能力。
要點(diǎn)二:結(jié)構(gòu)清楚合理
結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,從文章整體來說是講一篇文章起碼要有開頭、中間和結(jié)尾,每個(gè)中間段要有一句主題句總領(lǐng)整段,下面依次展開,最后有一句話收尾。結(jié)構(gòu)合理則是指文章的論證結(jié)構(gòu)合理,特別是高分作文,立場要非常清晰。
最新公布的留學(xué)類第二篇作文的題目是有關(guān)于對兒童兼職的不同看法。在寫這篇文章時(shí),考生首先就要鮮明地提出自己是否支持兒童做兼職,之后在過渡段里提及與自己意見不同的論點(diǎn),說明理由是什么,其后放主要的筆墨論證自己的觀點(diǎn),可以結(jié)合親身經(jīng)歷或了解到的實(shí)例來證明觀點(diǎn)的正確性,最后進(jìn)行總結(jié)陳述,進(jìn)一步確認(rèn)對于兒童應(yīng)不應(yīng)該做兼職的觀點(diǎn)和意見。
在備考雅思時(shí),考生要注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)的建立,力求做到結(jié)構(gòu)清楚、論證比例合理。
要點(diǎn)三:詞匯運(yùn)用豐富、靈活
新評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)最大的改變是把老評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的第三方面“詞匯和語法”分解成詞匯和語法兩個(gè)細(xì)則。這樣一來,詞匯和語法、任務(wù)完成或任務(wù)反應(yīng)、連貫與銜接在評(píng)分時(shí)的權(quán)重是一樣的。所以,要獲得雅思作文高分,同時(shí)也要在詞匯上狠下功夫才行。
在詞匯的準(zhǔn)備方面,要注意寬度和難度兩方面的訓(xùn)練。詞匯的寬度是指在一篇要求字?jǐn)?shù)的文章內(nèi),能用不同的語言表達(dá)同一個(gè)內(nèi)容,避免重復(fù),如用grow、goup、increase、rise、raise、boost等不同詞匯表達(dá)“上升”這個(gè)意思。詞匯的難度,是指在文章中是選用比較幼稚的詞匯,還是有一定文體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、適合于學(xué)術(shù)場景表達(dá)的詞匯。大多數(shù)中國考生都會(huì)普遍使用at the same time來表示“與此同時(shí)”,但是在正式文體里,表達(dá)此意的詞應(yīng)為mean while或in the meantime。
雅思寫作簡潔漂亮的技巧
妙招一:避免空洞的單詞和詞組
1.一些空洞的單詞或詞組根本不能為句子帶來任何相關(guān)的或重要的信息,完全可以被刪掉。
比如:When all things are considered, young adults of today live more satisfying lives than those of their parents, in my opinion。
這句話當(dāng)中的“when all things are considered”和“in my opinion“都顯得多余。完全可以去掉。改為:
Young adults of today live more satisfying lives than their parents。
2.有些空洞和繁瑣的表達(dá)方式可以進(jìn)行替換
例如:Due to the fact that our grandparents were under an obligation to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have at this point in time。
“due to the fact that”就是一個(gè)很典型的繁瑣的表達(dá)方式的例子,可以替換,簡化為下面的表達(dá)方式:
Because our grandparents were obligated to help their parents, they did not have the options that young people have now。
妙招二:避免重復(fù)
1.盡量避免重復(fù)使用同樣的詞匯?;蛘哂械臅r(shí)候雖然詞匯沒有重復(fù),但意思卻有重復(fù)。這時(shí)候可以做一些簡化的工作。
例如下面這個(gè)例子:The farm my grandfather grew up on was large in size。
large對一個(gè)farm來說就是size方面的large,所以in size可以去掉,改為:
The farm my grandfather grew up on was large。
更簡潔的表達(dá)方式為:
My grandfather grew up on a large farm。
2.有時(shí)一個(gè)詞組可以用一個(gè)更簡單的單詞來替換
例如:My grandfather has said over and over again that he had to work on his parents&0#39; farm。
這里的over and over again就可以改為repeatedly,顯得更為簡潔:
My grandfather has said repeatedly that he had to work on his parents&0#39; farm。
妙招三:選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法結(jié)構(gòu)
選擇合適的語法結(jié)構(gòu)可以使句子意思的表達(dá)更為精確和簡練。雖然語法的多樣性也很重要,但選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z法結(jié)構(gòu)仍然是更為重要的考慮因素。以下原則是在考慮選擇何種語法結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)可以參考的原則:
1.一個(gè)句子的主語和謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該能夠反映句子中的最重要的意思。
例如:The situation that resulted in my grandfather's not being able to study engineering was that his father needed help on the farm。
從意思上來分析,上面這句話需要表達(dá)的重要的概念是“grandfather's not being able to study”,而在表達(dá)這個(gè)概念時(shí),原句用的主語是situation,謂語動(dòng)詞是was,不能強(qiáng)調(diào)需要表達(dá)的重點(diǎn)概念,可以改為下面這句話:
My grandfather couldn't study engineering because his father needed help on the farm。
2.避免頻繁使用“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)
例如下面的句子:There were 25 cows on the farm that my grandfather had to milk every day. It was hard work for my grandfather。
可以改為:
My grandfather worked hard. He had to milk 25 cows on the farm every day。
更簡潔的句式為:
My grandfather worked hard milking 25 cows daily。
3.把從句改為短語或單詞。
例如:Dairy cows were raised on the farm, which was located100 kilometers from the nearest university and was in an area that was remote。
簡介的表達(dá)方式為:
The dairy farm was located in a remote area, 100 kilometers to the nearest university。
4.僅在需要強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語而不是主語的時(shí)候,才使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
例如:In the fall, not only did the cows have to be milked, but also the hay was mowed and stacked by my grandfather's family。
本句不夠簡潔的原因是本句的重心應(yīng)該是“忙碌的家庭-my grandfather's family”,而使用了被動(dòng)語態(tài)後,彷佛重心變成了cows和hay。下面的表達(dá)方式是主動(dòng)語態(tài),相對來說更簡潔一些:
In the fall, my grandfather's family not only milked the cow but also mowed and stacked the hay。
5.用更為精確的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來代替動(dòng)詞短語
例如:My grandfather didn't have time to stand around doing nothing with his school friends。
Stand around doing nothing其實(shí)可以用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞來表達(dá),即loiter:
My grandfather didn't have time to loiter with his school friends。
6.有時(shí)兩句話的信息經(jīng)過組合完全可以用一句話來簡練地表達(dá)
例如:Profits from the farm were not large. Sometimes they were too small to meet the expenses of running a farm. They were not sufficient to pay for a university degree。
兩句話的信息可以合并為下面這句更為簡潔的句子:
Profits from the farm were sometimes too small to meet operational expenses, let alone pay for a university degree.
雅思寫作怎么寫開頭
1.例如在寫關(guān)于該不該禁煙的話題時(shí),可以這樣開頭:A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight.
(中山大學(xué)最近做的一個(gè)研究表明,在過去五年里,吸煙人數(shù)急劇上升。研究結(jié)果同時(shí)顯示,吸煙導(dǎo)致的疾病發(fā)病率也急劇增長。因此,禁煙成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題。這個(gè)開頭通過媒體報(bào)道把問題呈現(xiàn)在讀者面前,從而引出吸煙比例急劇上升造成的危害,引發(fā)讀者思考。
2. 提出有爭議性的問題,激發(fā)讀者興趣,使其積極參與討論
例如在寫到警察是否應(yīng)該持槍這篇文章時(shí)作者說 If police in the U.K. are able to go without guns and not have crime getting completely out of control then they have already set a fine example that other countries should follow. The fact that they are able to do this is an indication of their ability to control the flow of guns to the general populace and this makes citizens safer than anything else. To a civilian, taking guns away from criminals is more important than giving them to
police. 提出這個(gè)有爭議的話題,激發(fā)讀者的興趣,使讀者積極參與到討論中來,讓大家各抒己見進(jìn)行討論。
3. 引起讀者興趣的話題
例如在寫關(guān)于體罰的話題文章時(shí),采用這樣一個(gè)開頭:It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to
death by his father on Father' Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers,parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this
issue.(據(jù)報(bào)道,在父親節(jié)那天,珠海有個(gè)小男孩被爸爸打死了。充分的證據(jù)也顯示,經(jīng)常遭父母或老師虐待的小孩往往比較內(nèi)向、悲觀、冷漠甚至厭世。近來,關(guān)于是否應(yīng)該廢除體罰出現(xiàn)了一場激烈的爭論,老師、家長和專家各執(zhí)一詞。)當(dāng)讀者看到這個(gè)話題時(shí)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣進(jìn)而引起了對這件事情的思考。
4. 呈現(xiàn)該話題正反方的觀點(diǎn)
例如在寫到男性和女性誰可以做更好的父母時(shí)可以這樣開頭:At the mere mention of women governing the world, most of us may naturally form an unrealistic picture of a more peaceful world where the sun always shines. The other side of the picture, however, is just to the opposite.
在開頭提出兩種不同的觀點(diǎn),不同的讀者可以根據(jù)自己對問題的看法進(jìn)行思考,從而引發(fā)讀者的探究心理,進(jìn)一步思考這個(gè)問題從而得出結(jié)論。
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