雅思大作文第一段應(yīng)該怎么寫
2023-08-16 09:38:42 來(lái)源:中國(guó)教育在線
隨著人們經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高,對(duì)于很多家庭來(lái)說(shuō),留學(xué)不再是一個(gè)可望而不可及的事情,許多人都想要留學(xué),那其中雅思大作文第一段應(yīng)該怎么寫?針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,下面中國(guó)教育在線小編就來(lái)和大家分享一下。
雅思 大作文第一段應(yīng)該怎么寫
很多考生拿到大作文考題都不知道如何動(dòng)筆去寫開頭段,有的會(huì)把題目原封不動(dòng)抄下來(lái),但如果這樣做,在統(tǒng)計(jì)作文字?jǐn)?shù)時(shí),第一段就不被統(tǒng)計(jì)在內(nèi)了。下面是小編搜集整理的關(guān)于雅思大作文第一段應(yīng)該怎么寫的資料,歡迎查閱。
實(shí)際上大作文的第一段是情景鋪墊,在這一段要點(diǎn)明這篇文章要討論/解決什么問(wèn)題及問(wèn)題的背景。作文的首段通常包含以下幾個(gè)方面:
1)場(chǎng)景或背景信息,即題目中出現(xiàn)的phenomenon。
2)一些人的觀點(diǎn)(some people’s opinion),這部分在改寫文章首段時(shí)可要可不要,考生可按照自己的情況來(lái)安排。
3)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn),這一部分在有些文章的開首段中也可以不要。
大作文要求字?jǐn)?shù)至少達(dá)到250字,在寫作中考慮到字?jǐn)?shù)的合理安排,第一段最好寫3-5句話,大約40字左右,并且切忌在第一段就掏心掏肺把什么話都說(shuō)完。因此大作文開首方式通常有以下幾種情況:
1)題目中包含了背景信息(phenomenon),有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)一些人的觀點(diǎn),并且題目中字?jǐn)?shù)較多。這種情況下最保險(xiǎn)的辦法是將題目中的背景信息及一些人的觀點(diǎn)重新表達(dá)(paraphrase),可以做:
●主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)<=>被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
●主謂賓<=>主系表
●某些近義詞互換
Example:
At present, it is hard for college students to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practicalcourses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. To what extent do you agree?
→ The number of college graduates is surging while a substantial proportion of them have difficulties in finding employment after their graduation. Numerous people blame this on the university education and believe that more emphasis should be laid on practical courses such as computer science and business than on traditional courses like history and geography. 其后再加考生自己的觀點(diǎn)即可。
2)題目中包含了背景信息,有時(shí)出現(xiàn)一些人的觀點(diǎn),但題目中字?jǐn)?shù)較少,若直接重新表達(dá),字?jǐn)?shù)湊不到40字左右。這種情況下我們有2種開首方式來(lái)保證字?jǐn)?shù)。
◆把籠統(tǒng)信息細(xì)節(jié)化即通過(guò)舉例來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明題目中的背景信息。
Example:
International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems?
→The acceleration of globalization and high-tech development contributes to International tourism’s gaining momentum virtually all over the world. Each year,millions of tourists from other countries swarm into china to appreciate the scenery and Chinese traditional culture. 其后加入考生個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)即可。
◆追溯歷史,過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)比。
Example:
International tourism has become a big industry in the world. Do the benefits outweigh the problems?
→Prior to the early 1900s, the proportion of people traveling abroad was considerably low and the majority of them preferred domestic travel. However, the advent of the motorized flight has greatly changed our life and it makes international traveling more convenient. International tourism is gaining momentumand has become a big industry. 其后加入考生個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)即可。
3)題目中僅出現(xiàn)一部分人的觀點(diǎn),而沒(méi)有背景信息。這種情況下,我們可以根據(jù)這部分人的觀點(diǎn)所涉及的信息在開首段附加對(duì)背景信息的描述。
Example:
The best way to solve the world’s environmental problem is to increase the price of fuel. Do you agree or disagree?
→In the process of industrialization and urbanization, the scope of environmental problem facing the world is getting immense. From Mexico City and New York to Singapore and China new solutions to this problem are being proposed, tried and implemented. Some people believe increasing the price of fuel is the best approach to this problem. 其后加入考生個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)即可。
另外考生要注意開首段一定要避免出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,因?yàn)槿绻Z(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤影響文章的理解,那會(huì)給考官留下極差的第一印象,而考官也就沒(méi)有信心繼續(xù)往下讀了,最終大作文的得分也不會(huì)很高。
雅思寫作失分原因
同學(xué)們的文章實(shí)際長(zhǎng)這樣:
a. Universities usually limit the quantity of new students as well as their genders to create more effective performances of their students with regard to this gender trait. (5分學(xué)生作品)
句子乍一看沒(méi)有語(yǔ)法問(wèn)題,但詞語(yǔ)之間的邏輯混亂,導(dǎo)致理解障礙;
或者長(zhǎng)這樣:
b. Secondly, even though using distance-learning programmes could provide any person with opportunities to learning knowledge in anywhere. While the computer or the study material post only can offer a correct answer or explain to students, the comprehension capability of every student varies from student to student, make it impossible for the computer to offer and explain catered to a students’ particular level of understanding.(5分學(xué)生作品)
復(fù)雜句和簡(jiǎn)單句都存在許多問(wèn)題,寫作評(píng)分在5分段。
上面的句式絕對(duì)不簡(jiǎn)單,但是不是有一種看起來(lái)很高級(jí)、卻完全讀不懂的感覺(jué)?
我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)5分考生們的句式不但不簡(jiǎn)單,還非常復(fù)雜,問(wèn)題更多的是出在了句子的邏輯通順和理解上。
雅思寫作基本原則
Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that a drawing should have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts.
簡(jiǎn)潔是英文寫作的靈魂,為了做到這一點(diǎn),要學(xué)會(huì)去掉所有無(wú)關(guān)的信息,同時(shí)還要學(xué)會(huì)精簡(jiǎn)表達(dá),一件事情能用一個(gè)詞說(shuō)清楚就堅(jiān)決不用兩個(gè)詞。
烤鴨們需要明白communication, accuracy, complexity在雅思寫作中的優(yōu)先順序:
綜合來(lái)看,communication(即表達(dá)清楚意思,考官看得懂)是根本;
任何犧牲c(diǎn)ommunication 的高級(jí)表達(dá)都是耍流氓,分?jǐn)?shù)不會(huì)超過(guò)6分,a和b 兩位同學(xué)都在這里掉了鏈子;
其次是accuracy表達(dá)正確,比表達(dá)高級(jí)來(lái)的更加重要。如果能做到這兩點(diǎn),再能適當(dāng)?shù)氖褂胏omplex sentences,就能起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用,語(yǔ)法果斷上6分,甚至沖7分。
雅思寫作高分和復(fù)雜句
c. First of all, studying in school allows students to arrange their time reasonably to ensure efficient learning. Teachers in school provide fixed time table for studying. By contrast, study time via Internet is rather flexible; students have the freedom to study by themselves, but for students who lack self-control, their learning task might stay unfinished when the deadline comes.
(烤鴨6分習(xí)作)
雅思寫作要上6分,語(yǔ)法要多難,究竟該不該使用復(fù)雜句?我們來(lái)看一下c同學(xué)平時(shí)聯(lián)系作業(yè)(最終雅思寫作考分6.5):
相比之下,c同學(xué)的寫作句式完全沒(méi)有上面復(fù)雜,但是意思清楚,合理運(yùn)用連接詞,文章的論證邏輯基本合理。
綜上,我們可以得出結(jié)論:雅思寫作最主要的是要表達(dá)清晰,邏輯清楚,不需要過(guò)分追求長(zhǎng)難句。
雅思作文成績(jī)低的原因
01 搭配不當(dāng)
記得有一次批改一個(gè)學(xué)生的作文,他想表達(dá)“投身于”,結(jié)果卻用了spend oneself on 這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu),當(dāng)時(shí)我看到是目瞪口呆,人竟然還能被當(dāng)作金錢花出去嗎?
實(shí)際上這個(gè)短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是devote oneself on.
因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)谄匠5臏贤ㄖ袝?huì)用比較隨便的表達(dá),一旦直接把生活用語(yǔ)直譯成英文就會(huì)出現(xiàn)搭配的問(wèn)題。
比如上面的搭配中的“體育明星是工作”,明星明明是個(gè)人,怎么能說(shuō)是工作呢?
然而很多同學(xué)的作文中恰恰會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種非常詭異的表達(dá)。
除此以外還會(huì)有像“price level”這種中文式的不地道的表達(dá)。
實(shí)際上,在英文中就一個(gè)提高……的水平,在不同的短語(yǔ)中都會(huì)有不同的動(dòng)詞搭配。
比如說(shuō)提高生活水平叫upgrade the living standard;提高交流水平叫improve one’s communication skills;提高文化水平叫raise the literature level.
02 不會(huì)的詞自己創(chuàng)造
比如在另一個(gè)學(xué)生的??甲魑闹锌吹?“southest”這個(gè)“單詞”,為什么把單詞打上引號(hào)呢?
是因?yàn)檫@根本就不是一個(gè)單詞。
他想表達(dá)的是“最南邊”,然而又不會(huì)寫最南邊,只好自己創(chuàng)作一個(gè)出來(lái)。
這個(gè)錯(cuò)誤很多學(xué)生都會(huì)犯,那么在考試中遇到不會(huì)寫的詞怎么辦?
第一去想有什么簡(jiǎn)單的單詞能夠進(jìn)行同義替換。
第二徹底換一個(gè)句型去解釋這個(gè)單詞。
03 描述對(duì)象問(wèn)題
這個(gè)是在小作文中尤其需要注意的問(wèn)題。因?yàn)橹杏⑽谋磉_(dá)的邏輯不一樣,很多學(xué)生會(huì)習(xí)慣于用一個(gè)中文的思維去思考。
比如說(shuō)“蘋果是梨子的兩倍”,中文里面不需要補(bǔ)充出來(lái)“數(shù)量”,我們就會(huì)知道這句話指的是個(gè)數(shù),然而在英文中必須把“數(shù)量”補(bǔ)出來(lái),寫成 the number of apples,才不會(huì)造成歧義,要不可能會(huì)理解成蘋果的大小是梨子的兩倍。
在舉一個(gè)例子,在雅思劍7的test2中,小作文是描寫雞肉、魚肉、牛肉和羊肉的消費(fèi)量變化。
很多學(xué)生會(huì)寫成“chicken increased from 2g to 10g”,這里不是“雞肉”增長(zhǎng),應(yīng)該是雞肉的消費(fèi)量增長(zhǎng),因此正確的寫法是“the consumption of chicken increased from 2g to 10g”。
也就是說(shuō)在英文寫作中需要時(shí)時(shí)刻刻提醒自己去補(bǔ)充出來(lái)暗含的那個(gè)描述對(duì)象。
04 口語(yǔ)化的詞匯
低分學(xué)生的作文中用詞都會(huì)比較“隨便”,用一些極簡(jiǎn)單極基礎(chǔ)的詞匯,比如說(shuō)“獲得”很多學(xué)生就會(huì)用“get”,“讓”就會(huì)用“l(fā)et”。
其實(shí)這兩個(gè)是非??谡Z(yǔ)化的詞匯,那么我們就可以用“obtain, gain, acquire, achieve”“make, enable”等詞來(lái)替代。
還有一種情況是用在口語(yǔ)中的習(xí)語(yǔ)寫在了作文中,比如“put on airs”是在口語(yǔ)中裝腔作勢(shì)的意思,但是不能用在寫作中。
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