雅思開頭寫作方法
2023-08-25 15:08:02 來源:中國教育在線
現(xiàn)在留學的學生越來越多,留學可以開闊眼界,也能學習不一樣的教育體制,而且國外名校眾多,教育水平也一流。下面小編就來和大家說說“雅思開頭寫作方法”這個問題
雅思開頭寫作方法
首先,我們先看一道題:
Some people think sending criminals to prison is not an effective way to deal with them. Education and training are better.To what extent do you agree or disagree?
通過題干分析,我們不難看出該題目是一道同意與否型的議論文,很明顯題目中給出了一個觀點即:關(guān)監(jiān)獄不是有效的方式去處理罪犯,教育和訓練更好。
如果我們選擇同意該命題,那么我們就要論證education和training是如何比監(jiān)獄在處理罪犯上更好,如果不同意,則要寫出監(jiān)獄更好的理由。
那么在開頭段的構(gòu)思中,我們可以把題干拆分為三角形結(jié)構(gòu):A:prison B:education and training C:how to deal with criminals /the way to deal with criminals
在三角形的底邊我們涉及到了題干中的對比雙方即 A:監(jiān)獄 B:教育和培訓,然后三角形頂端是A/B 雙方圍繞的討論主題即C:如何處置罪犯/或是處理罪放的方式。
通過這個三方關(guān)系的確定,我們就基本可以形成一個開頭段的結(jié)構(gòu):背景句(往往是C出現(xiàn)的原因,一句或半句即可)+主題C的引入+雙方觀點(一方做引子,另一方體現(xiàn)自己立場)
以上題為例,我們可以把題目的開頭段中文思路發(fā)展如下:社會上慣犯的數(shù)量有上升,(即背景原因)所以如何更有效的處理罪犯引發(fā)了人們的討論(引出以題)。
雖然把犯人關(guān)進監(jiān)獄是一個好方法,但是我仍然認為教育和訓練更可行(可用讓步狀語從句先說自己不占的一方,最后交代自己立場)即我們可以寫成如下的這個開頭段:
Recent years, there has been an increase in the number of repeat criminals in many countries, so how to cope with criminals effectively has aroused people’s discussion. Although putting them into jail seems to be a good idea, I still insist that education and training are more reasonable.
我們可以再拿一道題目去試試這種開頭段框架,比如:
Some people think learning history in school is important. Others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important.Discuss both views and give you own opinion?
同樣我們可以畫出一下三角結(jié)構(gòu):
那么在三角結(jié)構(gòu)建立完畢后, 我們要首先思考背景句,也就是學生學什么科目這一話題能夠引發(fā)人們討論。
最簡單的背景原因可以是“教育對孩子很重要”,所以學什么科目引發(fā)人們討論,或者也可以說“學校的教學時間有限”,所以學何種科目對學生有用引發(fā)關(guān)注。
我們以第1個為例,將開頭段可以簡單發(fā)展如下:
Education plays a vital role in one’s life,so which subject is more important for students has aroused people’s concern. Though it is necessary to learn the life-related subjects such as maths or science, i still believe that we cannot lessen the importance of learning history.
其實在40分鐘大作文的寫作過程中,真的很難給開頭段太多時間,只需要大家把題目交代清楚闡明立場即可,開頭段不用特別復雜,也切記不能照抄題干,通過今天“三角形結(jié)構(gòu)”的講解,希望在考場上大家都可以設計一個合格的開頭段!
怎樣利用 TED和 BBC News學習雅思寫作
首先,來談談TED對于雅思寫作的借鑒意義。
I learned that success isn't a one-way street. It doesn't look like this; it really looks more like this. It's a continuous journey. And if we want to avoid "success-to-failure-syndrome," we just keep following these eight principles, because that is not only how we achieve success, it's how we sustain it.”
雅思寫作曾考過跟success相關(guān)的話題,例如‘What are the factors of success成功的要素是什么’‘Is it justified for successful sports professionals to earn moneythan people working in other important jobs成功的運動專業(yè)人士比在其他重要崗位工作的人掙更多錢是合理的嗎’,這個TED視頻‘success is a continuousjourney’就是一個很好的素材,大家可以點擊transcript下載整個視頻或音頻的文本,其中有些詞匯表達我們平時可能想不到,這時候就可以把它們記錄下來,嘗試用進我們的作文里。這個視頻中演講者提到的‘success is a continuousjourney成功是一段持續(xù)的旅程’以及‘a(chǎn)void "success-to-failure-syndrome”避免“成功到失敗癥”’就可以被引用到success相關(guān)話題作為亮點詞匯。
大家可以點擊discovery尋找更多話題相關(guān)的視頻或音頻,持之以恒,比如一天看一個視頻,反復多看幾遍,記錄好的觀點或用詞,再有意識在碰到類似話題時用出來。這么做還可以提升聽力和口語水平,豈不妙哉。
接著,再來說說BBC News。這個軟件必須得強推。每天都會篩選自己感興趣的話題看1-2篇文章,記錄好詞好句。到后來拿到任何英語作文題目時,竟然也都沒在怕的,覺得自己的肚子裝滿了墨水,下筆自信。
不難發(fā)現(xiàn),這些話題都是寫作中的??荚掝}(例如technology, health,environment,parenting)。
下面我們以parenting(longman字典中的釋義:the skill or activity of looking after your own children)話題中的一篇題為‘How parents’ arguments really affect their children’的文章為例,看看其對雅思寫作的借鑒意義,題目類似:青少年犯罪(uvenile delinquency/ youth crime/ teenage crime)的原因是什么,家庭教育(parental education)對于孩子言行舉(behaviour or manners)的影響有哪些。
這里,我們可以摘錄出row這個less common word,意為“爭吵”可替代argument/disagreement。
這里,作者用how引導主語從句how parents get on with each other(父母之間如何相處)作主語,引出爭吵對于孩子可能會產(chǎn)生哪些影響(from mental health to academic success and future relationships從心理健康到學業(yè)成就到未來和人的關(guān)系)。
這里,出現(xiàn)了很多亮點表達,consistently withdraw or give each other the “silent treatment”(爭吵時總是離開或者用沉默來對待彼此), children exposed to conflict may have increased heart rates and stress hormone responses(暴露于沖突環(huán)境中的兒童可能會更大的心率和壓力激素反應), infants, children and adolescents can show signs of disrupted early brain development, sleep disturbance,anxiety, depression, conduct disorder and other serious problems as a result of severe or chronic interparental conflict(嬰兒,兒童和青少年由于嚴重或慢性的父母間沖突可能表現(xiàn)出早期腦發(fā)育障礙,睡眠障礙,焦慮,抑郁癥,品行障礙和其他嚴重問題)。由此聯(lián)系雅思寫作相關(guān)話題,我們可以借鑒并提煉出一些句子,例如children’s academic performance學業(yè)表現(xiàn)/ personalities性格can be affected by exposureto ongoing conflict or rows。
同樣地,這里的when parents engage in conflicts with each other that are frequent,intense and not resolved, children do less well,也提到了父母爭吵給孩子帶來的影響:當父母卷入了頻繁的、激烈的、未被解決爭執(zhí)中時,孩子的表現(xiàn)也沒那么好了。言外之意,孩子在心理上會受到影響(children are likely to suffer from poormental health),孩子在行為上可能會去模仿(children are astute observers oftheir parents’ behaviour孩子是他們父母行為的精明觀察者)。
可見,家庭暴力(domestic violence)對于受牽連的孩子而言是及其有害的。
這段文字中的emotional, behavioural and social development三個形容詞并列,更是把父母爭吵對于孩子的影響概括得十分全面。
雅思小作文常用的句型
(1)the table shows the changes in the number of..over the period from..to..(該表格描述了在...年之...年間...數(shù)量的變化)
(2)the bar chart illustrates that(該柱狀圖展示了)
(3)the graph provides some interesting data regarding...
(該圖為我們提供了有關(guān)..有趣數(shù)據(jù))
(4)the diagram shows that(該圖向我們展示了)
(5)the pie graph depicts that(該圓形圖揭示了)
(6)this is a cure graph which describes the trend of
(這個曲線圖描述了...的趨勢)
(7)the figures/statistics show that[數(shù)據(jù)(字)表明]
(8)the tree diagram reveals how(該樹型圖向我們揭示了如何)
(9)the data/statistics show that[該數(shù)據(jù)(字)可以這樣理解]
(10)the data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that
(這些數(shù)據(jù)資料令我們得出結(jié)論)
(11)according to the chart/figures[根據(jù)這些表(數(shù)字)]
(12)as is shown in the table...(如表格所示)
(13)as can be seen from the diagram,great changes have taken place in(從圖中可以看出,...發(fā)生了巨大變化)
(14)from the table/chart/diagram/figure,we can see clearly that(從圖表我們可以很清楚(明顯)看到)
(15)this is a graph which illustrates(這個圖表向我們展示了...)
(16)this table shows the changing proportion of a & b from ..to..(該表格描述了...年到…年間a與b的比例關(guān)系)
(17)the graph,presented in a pie chart,shows the general trend in...(該圖以圓形圖形式描述了...總的趨勢)
(18)this is a column chart showing...
(這是個柱型圖,描述了...)
(19)as can be seen from the graph,the two curves show the fluctuation of...(如圖所示,兩條曲線描述了...的波動情況)
(20)over the period from...to...the...remained level.
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