雅思閱讀省略句的省略現(xiàn)象
2023-08-27 16:45:15 來(lái)源:中國(guó)教育在線
隨著人們經(jīng)濟(jì)水平的提高,對(duì)于很多家庭來(lái)說(shuō),留學(xué)不再是一個(gè)可望而不可及的事情,許多人都想要留學(xué),那其中雅思閱讀省略句的省略現(xiàn)象?針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,下面中國(guó)教育在線小編就來(lái)和大家分享一下。
雅思閱讀省略句的省略現(xiàn)象
文章要做到簡(jiǎn)潔,省略法(Ellipsis)是必用的。
英語(yǔ)句子中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明確的信息而不必出現(xiàn),或前面已出現(xiàn)的某些成分,為了避免不必要的重復(fù),可以不再出現(xiàn)而不致引起誤解或歧義,這種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象就叫作省略。例如:Gladto see you. 這是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,主語(yǔ)I和謂語(yǔ)am可以省略。再如:London is on the Themes,and Paris on theSeine.這是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句,后半句省略了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is,因?yàn)榍懊嬉呀?jīng)出現(xiàn)過(guò),后面不必重復(fù)。英譯漢時(shí),為了使譯文明確達(dá)意,符合漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣,要在正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)原文中省略的部分或保留或補(bǔ)全,或?qū)ζ溥M(jìn)行靈活處理。
有人將英語(yǔ)句子中的省略現(xiàn)象歸納為21種,本章只涉及在英語(yǔ)閱讀中常遇到的比較復(fù)雜的省略現(xiàn)象。
1. The transcription needs a certain amount of editing,as even if thecomputer can tell the difference between words of similar sounds such as writeand right,it is still not yet able to do the work as well as an intelligentsecretary.
第一層:The transcription 主 needs 謂 a certain amount of 定 editing,賓 as even ifthe computer can tell the difference between words of similar 狀語(yǔ)從句 sounds suchas write and right, it is still not yet able to do the work as well as anintelligent secretary.
第二層:(狀語(yǔ)從句)as 引 even if the computer can tell the difference between wordsof similar sounds such as write and right,狀語(yǔ)從句1 it 主 is 系 still not yet 狀 able 表to do the work 賓 as well as an inte- lligent secretary . 狀語(yǔ)從句2
第三層:(狀語(yǔ)從句1)even if 引 the computer 主 can tell 謂 the difference 賓 betweenwords of similar sounds 定 such as write and right 同位語(yǔ)
(狀語(yǔ)從句2)as well as 引 an intelligent secretary 主
要點(diǎn) 本句中as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句,其中該句還帶有一個(gè)由even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句;介詞短語(yǔ)between words of similarsounds修飾difference,such as write and right修飾words,as wellas……為同等比較狀語(yǔ)從句,其中省略了與主句相同的部分。intelligent:有才智的;理解力強(qiáng)的。
譯文 譯稿需要一定量的編輯工作,因?yàn)?,即使?jì)算機(jī)能夠區(qū)別同音異義詞,如write和right,它仍不可能把這項(xiàng)工作做得像有思維能力的秘書(shū)那樣好。
雅思閱讀的信號(hào)詞有哪些
1、表達(dá)客觀結(jié)論findings
例詞:indicate that, suggest that, find out, conclude that, point out, reportthat, demonstrate that…
考點(diǎn):But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappearrapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting fromjuvenile play would be lost by adulthood.(C4, P50, T38配對(duì)題)
解析:配對(duì)題目是典型的人名和成果的配對(duì),我們到文章中定位人名就比較好找到答案,可是人名出現(xiàn)的地方就一定是考點(diǎn)么?不見(jiàn)得。但是一旦表達(dá)客觀結(jié)論的信號(hào)詞與人名同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí),就是考點(diǎn)出沒(méi)的地方了。這類觀點(diǎn)信號(hào)詞在雅思閱讀考試中還是比較容易找到,也就比較容易定位的。
2、表達(dá)主觀觀點(diǎn)statements, opinions
例詞:say, believe, argue that, maintain that, claim…
考點(diǎn):The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effectiveaction is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places. (C3,P20, T27分類題)
解析:這道分類題考察區(qū)分a finding和an opinion.表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)(anopinion)帶有一定的主觀性,所用的信號(hào)詞顯然與客觀事實(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)(afinding)的有所區(qū)別。除了上面列舉的例詞之外,很多表達(dá)主觀想法的雅思閱讀考試詞匯都可以做這樣的判斷。
3、特殊符號(hào)
例詞: ‘word’, ——, word…
考點(diǎn):In very significant cases of role change, e.g. from a soldier in theranks to officer, from bachelor to married man, the change of role has to have avery obvious sign, hence rituals.(C3, P48, T37完成句子)
解析:文中斜體的部分其實(shí)就是考察的考點(diǎn),不知道這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)的意思沒(méi)有關(guān)系,只要能判斷,需要填寫的單詞是斜體部分,照抄過(guò)來(lái)就可以輕松拿分。
雅思閱讀有哪些必備關(guān)系詞
1. 表轉(zhuǎn)折:
but, however, yet, in fact, on the other hand;
A, but B: 否定A而肯定B,則A,B兩部分內(nèi)容是相反的。
例如:Computerized data storage and electronic mail were to have heralded thepaper less office. But, contrary to expectations, paper consumption throughoutthe world shows no sign of abating .
解釋:paper less 表示負(fù)向,則but后no sign of abating 表示正向,所以abating是表示負(fù)向的詞。
總結(jié):此種方法有利于在不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞的前提下讀懂句子意思,很有幫助,但一定要練習(xí),而且要敏感。
練習(xí):The marginal costs of generating electricity from nuclear energy may betiny, but , as the technology now stands, huge and uncertain costs are involvedin building the power stations, dealing with spent fuel, anddecommissioning.
2. 表讓步:
(1)although:although A, B:盡管有A,B還是出現(xiàn)了(A,B互不影響)若A是正,那B就是負(fù)的。
例如:Although the world regards Asia as the focus of an economic andindustrial miracle, without adequate supplies of food, Lampe says, chaos couldeasily result in many countries.
解釋:miracle奇跡,表正向,則but后的chaos是一個(gè)表負(fù)向的詞。
(2)while:五個(gè)含義:
A. although:雖然,盡管
B. as long as:只要
C. whereas, but:表轉(zhuǎn)折
D.when:當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候
E. n. 表一段時(shí)間
例如:While ducks offer many advantages over hens, they must be given greaterquality of food, especially if regular eggs are desired.
解釋:原文在本段之前講鴨子的好,在本段之后講它的不好。
(3)Albeit:盡管,雖然
例如:Albeit true but not now.
3. 表并列:A and B
A...and B...
(1) 并列雙方性質(zhì)相同;
(2) 當(dāng)A、B都比較復(fù)雜時(shí),應(yīng)該從最后一項(xiàng)找起,根據(jù)B的形式到前文找到A
例如:The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrowstreets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs,lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.
解釋:此句話中共有四個(gè)and ,第一個(gè)and 并列of 結(jié)構(gòu),第二個(gè)and 并列fumes和toxic,第三個(gè)and并列taxicabs,lorries 和buses, 第四個(gè)and并列full of …, torn by… 和thronged…
4 表遞進(jìn):沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)折的意思,后項(xiàng)承接上文。
A furthermore B
A moreover B
A besides B
A為正向,B 仍為正向。
5 表順序或過(guò)程:
(1) first, then, next, later on, finally
(2) 1st, 2nd, 3rd…
(3) in the first place, in the second place…
(4) before…, after…
(5) once, until, as soon as,…
6 特殊的關(guān)鍵詞:人名,地名,時(shí)間,數(shù)字,生詞(這是最好的定位標(biāo)準(zhǔn),多以A---A形式重現(xiàn))
7.比較級(jí):類比
對(duì)比
(1) as…as, like 類比
(2) more…than, unlike 對(duì)比
(3) 不同的時(shí)間導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)的對(duì)比關(guān)系
例如:一段講1840年,…
1919年.。。
二段講2003年出現(xiàn)了A++(生詞)…
問(wèn)題是,2003年人們有了A++, 1840年的時(shí)候人們沒(méi)有什么?
(4) 不同的地點(diǎn)導(dǎo)致強(qiáng)對(duì)比關(guān)系
例如:In Australia, only,….
In Asia, many, A(生詞)
問(wèn)題是,Australia缺什么?
8. 例如:A for example = :=—— B
A是理論,B是解釋
9. 因果關(guān)系:
(1) 大因果關(guān)系/分句間因果關(guān)系(即:原因、結(jié)果是兩句話)
because, in that, as, since, for, so(that), therefore, thus, hence, as aresult
(2) 小因果關(guān)系/句內(nèi)因果關(guān)系(在一句話中,通過(guò)v.來(lái)表達(dá))
例如:Increased air temperature brought about higher sea levels.
Cause, lead to, result in/ from, contribute to, pose, help, create, affect,influence, attribute to.
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