雅思閱讀如何找主題句

雅思閱讀如何找主題句，相信這個(gè)問題是許多正在準(zhǔn)備留學(xué)的同學(xué)關(guān)心的一個(gè)問題，那么下面小編就來(lái)和大家說(shuō)一說(shuō)，感興趣的您趕緊往下了解吧。

雅思 閱讀如何找主題句

理清文章框架、概括段落大意是閱讀考試中重點(diǎn)考查的技能，而快速抓住段落的主題句，則能起到事半功倍的效果。那么雅思閱讀如何找主題句呢?一起來(lái)跟小編了解下吧。

主題句的位置:

根據(jù)對(duì)劍4到劍12文章的分析，段落第一句是主題句的情況多達(dá)65%，約10%的段落是第二句為主題句，另有約5%的段落最后一句為主題句。當(dāng)然也有找不出明顯主題句的段落，這部分約占20%。所以閱讀文章時(shí)，我們需要從每段的第一句開始，按照以下原則來(lái)確定主題句，從而概括出段落大意。

段落第一句是主題句，通常具有以下特征：

1、首句有概括性的詞，如：

The sense of vision is developed to different degrees in different species.Baleen species studied at close quarters underwater — specifically a grey whale calf in captivity for a year, and free-ranging right whales and humpback whales studied and filmed off Argentina and Hawaii — have obviously tracked objects with vision underwater, and they can apparently see moderately well both in water and in air. However, the position of the eyes so restricts the field of vision in baleen whales that they probably do not have stereoscopic vision.

—?jiǎng)? Test 1 Passage 2 Paragraph 3

上述例子中，different degrees就是有概括性的詞，整段都圍繞著“不同鯨魚的視覺差異”展開。

由于主題句要統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整個(gè)段落，一般無(wú)過多的細(xì)節(jié)，故而句子較短。類似的情況還可以在劍4 Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph 1和 劍5 Test1 Passage 3 Paragraph 2 見到。

2、首句為“人名+賓語(yǔ)從句”的格式，大概率上也可判定為主題句，如：

Earlier this year, Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and playfulness among mammals in general. Comparing measurements for fifteen orders of mammals, he and his team found larger brains (for a given body size) are linked to greater playfulness. The converse was also found to be true. Robert Barton of Durham University believes that, because large brains are more sensitive to developmental stimuli than smaller brains, they require more play to help mould them for adulthood.‘I concluded it's to do with learning, and with the importance of environmental data to the brain during development.' he says.

—?jiǎng)? Test 2 Passage 3 Paragraph E

劍6 Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph A，也是類似的情況。若第一句不太明顯，不足以斷定是否為主題句，可快速地看一下第二句。首句后緊跟著例子或解釋，也可坐實(shí)首句是主題句。如：

But volcanoes are not very predictable. That is because geological time is not like human time. During quiet periods, volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge, hard, stable plug which blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible. In the case of Mount Pinatubo, this took 600 years.

—?jiǎng)? Test 3 Passage 2 Paragraph D1

上述例子中，第二句是對(duì)第一句的解釋。還有一種類似的情況，第二句由for example開頭的，像劍4 Test 1 Passage 1 Paragraph 1和劍4 Test 4Passage 1 Paragraph 8，也能坐實(shí)第一句是主題句。

3、首句提出了問題，如：

Why do people reject the language of their parents? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, says Nicholas Ostler, of Britain's Foundation for Endangered Languages, in Bath. 'People lose faith in their culture,' he says. 'When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old traditions.’

—?jiǎng)? Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph 4

哪些情況不是主題句?

如果段落第一句具有以下特征，則不是主題句：第一句只是承接上一段，沒有講新的觀點(diǎn)/事物，如：

Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible. This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology-to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is their behaviour.

—?jiǎng)? Test 1 Passage 2 Paragraph I

此時(shí)就應(yīng)該意識(shí)到這個(gè)首句僅僅起到承上啟下的作用，沒有概括段落的功能。雖然第一句沒有承接上段，但是有讓步的意味，也不適合做主題句。如

Identifying genetically talented individuals is only the first step. Michael Yessis, an emeritus professor of Sport Science at California State University at Fullerton, maintains that ‘genetics only determines about one third of what an athlete can do. But with the right training we can go much further with that one third than we've been going.’Yessis believes that U.S runners, despite their impressive achievements, are ‘running on their genetics'. By applying more specific methods, 'they're going to go much faster'. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.

—?jiǎng)? Test 4 Passage 1 Paragraph 3

該句的“only the first step”就含有讓步的意味。另外，如果在緊接著的第二句話中，看到有however，but，instead等轉(zhuǎn)折詞或出現(xiàn)否定前一句話的詞，也說(shuō)明第一句話不是主題句。詳見下面的例子：

There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier. A new study makes this point even more starkly. Developing cities in Asia, such as Jakarta and Bangkok, make more use of the car than wealthy Asian cities such as Tokyo and Singapore. In cities that developed later, the World Bank and Asia Development Bank discouraged the building of public transport and people have been force to rely on cars — creating the massive traffic jams that characterize those cities.

—?jiǎng)? Test 2 Passage 1 Paragraph C

若第二句具備“提及新觀點(diǎn)/事物且有概括性的詞”或“句中有轉(zhuǎn)折詞”的特征，基本上可判定為主題句，如：

Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal's Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.

—?jiǎng)? Test 4 Passage 1 Paragraph C1

但是，如果第二句依然在講細(xì)節(jié)，或者第二句話與第一句構(gòu)成并列的關(guān)系，說(shuō)明第二句也不是主題句。此時(shí)，我們不要去看第三句，應(yīng)該直接跳至段尾，看段落的最后一句話。

段落的最后一句，如果具備以下特征，則可以判定為主題句：1)該句有概括性的詞語(yǔ);2)尾句與本段前面的其他句子形成“例子 — 總結(jié)”的關(guān)系，如：

All our subjects deemed the circle soft and the square hard. A full 94% ascribed happy to the circle, instead of sad. But other pairs revealed less agreement: 79% matched fast to slow and weak to strong, respectively. And only 51% linked deep to circle and shallow to square. When we tested four totally blind volunteers using the same list, we found that their choices closely resembled those made by the sighted subjects. One man, who had been blind since birth, scored extremely well. He made only one match differing from the consensus, assigning 'far' to square and 'near' to circle. In fact, only a small majority of sighted subject — 53% — had paired far and near to the opposite partners. Thus, we conclude that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do.

—?jiǎng)? Test 1 Passage 3 Paragraph 8

當(dāng)然，也有可能該段落本身就沒有主題句。如果大家讀完了第一句、第二句和最后一句，都沒法找到主題句的話，就要自己動(dòng)手概括段落大意了。大體說(shuō)來(lái)，具備 “介紹背景”、“敘事性強(qiáng)”、“時(shí)間/年份多”等特征的段落會(huì)比較難找到主題句。

雅思閱讀主題句怎么找

段落主題句出現(xiàn)得最多的位置就是段首。

英語(yǔ)文章中最多的就是演繹型的寫法，因?yàn)槲鞣饺讼矚g開門見山，所以他們常常在每一段的第一句話就先交代出這段話的主旨。這是最簡(jiǎn)單的，也是最常見的主題句位置，如下面這個(gè)例子：

As a child grows up，he learns how to behave in ways that is appropriate to the society into which he is born. That is to say，he acquires the patterns of behavior that are accepted as normal in his society. This process of social learning is generally referred to as socialization. By socialization，then，we mean the process whereby individuals learn the rules，values and practices of the society in which they live.

上面這段話中的第一句就是對(duì)整體段落大意的一個(gè)介紹;從第二句話中的“That is to say”可以看出來(lái)，第二句話是對(duì)第一句話的解釋;第三句話中的“This process”也是代指的前一句話中的學(xué)習(xí)，成熟過程。而最后一句話也是對(duì)社會(huì)化的一個(gè)解釋，所以也可以確定第一句話就是段落的主題句。

除了第一句之外，主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在段首位置的第二句。那什么時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況呢?分成三種情況：

(1)當(dāng)首句是問句時(shí);

(2)當(dāng)首句是過渡句時(shí);

(3)當(dāng)次句為轉(zhuǎn)折句時(shí)。

在這些情況下，第二句話都會(huì)比第一句話更重要，所以主題句也更可能出現(xiàn)在第二句話中。例如下面這句話：

What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic?Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. In the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist，Dr Paul Broca，made the remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot(凝結(jié)) in the brain) had paralysis(麻痹) of the right half of their body. He noted that since the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body，and vice versa(反之亦然)，the brain damage must have been in the brain's left hemisphere，Psychologists now believe that among right handed people，probably 95 percent have their language centre in the left hemisphere，while 5 percent have right-sided language.

第一句話提問：“如果不僅是基因讓人們習(xí)慣于用左手，那還有什么原因呢?”我們能預(yù)測(cè)出，接下來(lái)這段話應(yīng)該就會(huì)給我們介紹除了基因以外的其他原因。正好第二句話說(shuō)：“其他的因素也起到了作用，研究者將線索轉(zhuǎn)向人類大腦方面?！彼阅艽_定，所謂的“其他原因”就是指的“人類大腦”，所以主題句也就是第二句話。

另外一個(gè)常出現(xiàn)段落主題句的位置則是段尾。

這種現(xiàn)象常出現(xiàn)在歸納型的文章里。所謂歸納型，則是先陳述現(xiàn)象，最后總結(jié)規(guī)律。因此這類的文章通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些總結(jié)性的詞：Therefore/ Hence/ Thus/ So/ Consequently/ Accordingly/ As a result/ As a consequence;或者會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些研究報(bào)告類的詞組The research findings/ the study/ the investigation/ the analysis/ the evidences show/ reveal/ imply/ indicate/ suggest/ demonstrate / prove that…;甚至有的會(huì)直接出現(xiàn)總結(jié)型主題句：In short/ In general/ All in all/ To sum up/ In summary/ On the whole…我們一起分析下面這個(gè)例句：

The only species which demonstrated(證明，證實(shí)) near normal productivity(生產(chǎn)力) was Cassin's Auklet(卡森的海雀)，in which the value for 1998 exceeded the long-term mean by 16 percent. However， given that very few Cassin's Auklets attempted to breed(生產(chǎn)，繁衍)，island-wide offspring(后代) production was extremely low. In short，these observations were quite similar，with slight variations，to observations made on the Farallon(法拉龍) seabird community in other severe E1 Nino years.

在這段話的第一句中，我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了剛剛總結(jié)過的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“demonstrated”，但是我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這個(gè)地方是“demonstrated”是屬于which這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中的，所以不是對(duì)整段話，甚至整篇文章的總結(jié)。所以排除了第一句話是主題句的可能性。第二句出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折，那我們又知道轉(zhuǎn)折句后面的肯定比前面重要，所以接著往下看這句話。但是，看完這句話之后，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，最后一句話用了一個(gè)總結(jié)型的句子：“In short”，所以一下就能確定該段話的主題句就是最后一句話。

雅思閱讀主題句該怎么找

在做閱讀題的時(shí)候我們的原則是，先看段落的首句，第二句以及最后一句，因?yàn)橹髦季渥詈罂赡艹霈F(xiàn)在這三句中。如果我們可以通過這三句中的任何一句選擇出段落大意，那么剩下的部分就可以略過不讀，以節(jié)省時(shí)間。

之所以要這樣做是與西方人的寫作習(xí)慣密切相關(guān)的，他們?cè)趯懽鞯臅r(shí)候通常使用inductive和deductive兩種方法。Deductive即演繹法，也就是先給出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)或者概念，然后再舉出例子支持自己的觀點(diǎn)，即總分的寫作方法。在這種段落中，主旨句則為段落的第一句。

但有時(shí)候，文章的第一句會(huì)先對(duì)上一段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，這種情況下，第一句就成為了承上啟下句，主旨句就變成了段落的第二句。另一種常用的寫作邏輯為inductive的寫作方法，即先舉出例子，最后提出總結(jié)性的觀點(diǎn)。在這種情況下，主題句則通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段落的最后一句。

因此當(dāng)我們閱讀段落時(shí)，應(yīng)該首先對(duì)首句，第二句和最后一句進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)閱讀，爭(zhēng)取從這三句中找出段落大意。若這三句無(wú)法使我們確認(rèn)段落大意，我們要再注意例子前的總結(jié)概括句，表示下定義的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)句子，用細(xì)節(jié)幫助我們確定答案。

我們以劍七Test 1，Passage 2為例，在這篇文章中，E段首句“At the outset of the new millennium, however, the way resource planners think about water is beginning to change?！盋hange一詞對(duì)應(yīng)i選項(xiàng)中的revision，都是表示改變，剩下的選項(xiàng)沒有相關(guān)的意思，因此可以通過首句確定段落大意為i.

Scientists' call for a revision of policy. F段首句”Fortunately – and unexpectedly- the demand for water is not rising as rapidly as some predicted。”unecpectedly對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)ix中的surprising，not rising對(duì)應(yīng)downward trend,很容易看出答案為ix. A surprising downward trend in demand for water。

G段同理，首句“What explains this remarkable turn of events?”即此段要解釋這樣一種現(xiàn)象的原因，很容易看到ii中的同意轉(zhuǎn)換詞explanation。而D段首句“The consequence of our water policies extend beyond jeopardizing human health?！?/p>

很明顯是在總結(jié)上一段的段落大意，即承上啟下，這時(shí)我們可以通過這句來(lái)驗(yàn)證上一個(gè)段落的大意，并從剩下的內(nèi)容中去尋找段落大意。B段雖然給出了答案，但我們還是可以來(lái)自己分析一下，B段開頭給出的都是新時(shí)期我們面臨的種種問題，而最后一句“Nearly one fifth of all the electricity generated worldwide is produced by turbines spun by the power of falling water?！睘槲覀冎赋隽诉@些問題是被怎樣解決的，即對(duì)應(yīng)Headings中的iii. How a global challenge was met。

因此以后在做list of headings類題目是，一定要仔細(xì)看段落的首句，二句以及末句，爭(zhēng)取通過這三句話弄清段落大意。

怎樣快速找出雅思閱讀主題句

第一個(gè)方法：段落主題句出現(xiàn)得最多的位置就是段首

英語(yǔ)文章中最多的其實(shí)就是演繹型的寫法，因?yàn)槲鞣饺送枷矚g開門見山，所以他們常常在每一段的第一句話就會(huì)立即交代出這段話的主旨。這是最簡(jiǎn)單的，同時(shí)也是最常見的一個(gè)主題句位置，

第二個(gè)方法：主題句也可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段首位置的第二句

雅思閱讀真題及答案是備考閱讀材料的不二之選，那什么到底時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況呢?分成三種情況：

(1)當(dāng)首句是問句時(shí);

(2)當(dāng)首句是過渡句時(shí);

(3)當(dāng)次句為轉(zhuǎn)折句時(shí)

在這些情況下，其實(shí)第二句話都會(huì)比第一句話要更加重要，所以主題句也很有可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在第二句話中。

第三個(gè)方法：另外一個(gè)常出現(xiàn)段落主題句的位置可能會(huì)是段尾

這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在歸納型的文章里。所謂歸納型，其實(shí)起先是陳述現(xiàn)象，最后再去總結(jié)規(guī)律的。因此這類的文章通常都是會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些總結(jié)性的詞。

以上，就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容分享，希望能給同學(xué)們帶來(lái)參考，如果您還有雅思閱讀如何找主題句其他方面的疑問，歡迎隨時(shí)在線咨詢客服老師。

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