雅思閱讀考點(diǎn)詞怎么背
2023-09-20 09:40:59 來(lái)源:中國(guó)教育在線
很多同學(xué)都很關(guān)注雅思閱讀考點(diǎn)詞怎么背這個(gè)問(wèn)題,那么接下來(lái)就跟著中國(guó)教育在線小編一起來(lái)看看吧,相信你通過(guò)以下的文章內(nèi)容就會(huì)有更深入的了解。
雅思閱讀考點(diǎn)詞怎么背
雅思判斷題的考點(diǎn)大致可以分為四類(lèi):
第一類(lèi):比較考點(diǎn)。
也就是考查單個(gè)事物或者多個(gè)事物就某一方面特性的比較。
通常來(lái)說(shuō)特征詞有如下一些:橫向比較:better similar another the other relative most;縱向比較:future next second latter。對(duì)于這類(lèi)考點(diǎn),考點(diǎn)詞就是比較部分的關(guān)鍵詞。例如:10-1-3 39.It is easier for smaller companies to be innovative.
很顯然,按照我們剛才定位詞的原則來(lái)看,smaller companies應(yīng)該是這句話實(shí)際的主語(yǔ),因此我們可以用它來(lái)做定位詞。至于考點(diǎn)詞,因?yàn)榇司鋭偤檬潜容^考點(diǎn),因此考點(diǎn)詞就是easier。
第二類(lèi):數(shù)字考點(diǎn)。
顧名思義,只要是題干出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字、百分比、年份、時(shí)間區(qū)間等等,我們都可以稱(chēng)之為數(shù)字考點(diǎn)。
數(shù)字考點(diǎn)考察的內(nèi)容,通常來(lái)說(shuō)就兩類(lèi),第一,數(shù)字的準(zhǔn)確性;第二,百分比后的主題,或者說(shuō)范圍的準(zhǔn)確性。例如:
10-1-2 25. The Gothenburg European Council was set up 30 years ago.
定位詞:Gothenburg European Council
考點(diǎn)詞:30 years ago
第三類(lèi):絕對(duì)考點(diǎn)。
標(biāo)志詞:any never always impossible immediately most every none all fully correctly absolutely等。
只要出現(xiàn)了絕對(duì)的副詞、形容詞,那么我們的關(guān)注重點(diǎn)就應(yīng)該是此類(lèi)詞語(yǔ)在原文原句中有沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的表達(dá)。
仍然以10-1-1 Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.
剛才我們已經(jīng)判斷出定位詞是ancient stepwells, 而考點(diǎn)詞現(xiàn)在來(lái)看就非常清楚了,就是all。
第四類(lèi):是非考點(diǎn)。
此類(lèi)考點(diǎn)多半是陳述句,沒(méi)有比較級(jí)的詞語(yǔ),沒(méi)有數(shù)字,也沒(méi)有絕對(duì)的形容詞或者副詞。這類(lèi)考點(diǎn)反而是雅思考試中占比重比較大的一類(lèi)考點(diǎn)。因?yàn)樽兓蛘呖疾斓狞c(diǎn)比較分散,所以在這里不展開(kāi)來(lái)講。通常來(lái)說(shuō),是非考點(diǎn)的陳述句謂語(yǔ)部分是考點(diǎn)。
例如,10-2-3 37. The approach of art historians conflicts with that of art museums.
記?。褐髡Z(yǔ)是定位詞,謂語(yǔ)是考點(diǎn)詞。這樣的話:art historians 就是定位詞,而conflict 就是考點(diǎn)詞了。 如果文章說(shuō)到?jīng)_突就對(duì),說(shuō)到一致就是錯(cuò)。
好了,現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)能夠正確區(qū)分判斷題中的定位詞和考點(diǎn)詞了。我們不妨來(lái)試一試吧:
10-3-1
5.The largest employment figures in the world are found in the travel and tourism industry.
6.Tourism contributes over six percent of the Australian gross national product.
7.Tourism has a social impact because it promotes recreation.
8.Two main features of the travel and tourism industry make its economic significance difficult to ascertain.
9.visitor spending is always greater than the spending of residents in tourist areas.
10.It is easy to show statistically how tourism affects individual economies.
雅思閱讀段落主題快速定位怎樣做
雅思閱讀中段落主題句出現(xiàn)得多的位置就是段首。
英語(yǔ)文章中多的就是演繹型的寫(xiě)法,因?yàn)槲鞣饺讼矚g開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,所以他們常常在雅思閱讀文章中每一段的句話就先交代出這段話的主旨。這是簡(jiǎn)單的,也是常見(jiàn)的主題句位置,如下面這個(gè)例子:
As a child grows up,he learns how to behave in ways that is appropriate to the society into which he is born. That is to say,he acquires the patterns of behavior that are accepted as normal in his society. This process of social learning is generally referred to as socialization. By socialization,then,we mean the process whereby individuals learn the rules,values and practices of the society in which they live.
上面這段話中的句就是對(duì)整體段落大意的一個(gè)介紹;從第二句話中的“That is to say”可以看出來(lái),第二句話是對(duì)句話的解釋;第三句話中的“This process”也是代指的前一句話中的學(xué)習(xí),成熟過(guò)程。而后一句話也是對(duì)社會(huì)化的一個(gè)解釋?zhuān)砸部梢源_定句話就是段落的主題句。
除了句之外,主題句也可能出現(xiàn)在閱讀文章段首位置的第二句。那什么時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況呢?分成三種情況:
(1)當(dāng)首句是問(wèn)句時(shí);
(2)當(dāng)首句是過(guò)渡句時(shí);
(3)當(dāng)次句為轉(zhuǎn)折句時(shí)。
在這些情況下,第二句話都會(huì)比句話更重要,所以主題句也更可能出現(xiàn)在第二句話中。例如下面這句話:
What then makes people left-handed if it is not simply genetic?Other factors must be at work and researchers have turned to the brain for clues. In the 1860s the French surgeon and anthropologist,Dr Paul Broca,made the remarkable finding that patients who had lost their powers of speech as a result of a stroke (a blood clot(凝結(jié)) in the brain) had paralysis(麻痹) of the right half of their body. He noted that since the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right half of the body,and vice versa(反之亦然),the brain damage must have been in the brain's left hemisphere,Psychologists now believe that among right handed people,probably 95 percent have their language centre in the left hemisphere,while 5 percent have right-sided language.
句話提問(wèn):“如果不僅是基因讓人們習(xí)慣于用左手,那還有什么原因呢?”我們能預(yù)測(cè)出,接下來(lái)這段話應(yīng)該就會(huì)給我們介紹除了基因以外的其他原因。正好第二句話說(shuō):“其他的因素也起到了作用,研究者將線索轉(zhuǎn)向人類(lèi)大腦方面?!彼阅艽_定,所謂的“其他原因”就是指的“人類(lèi)大腦”,所以主題句也就是第二句話。
另外一個(gè)常出現(xiàn)段落主題句的位置則是段尾。
這種現(xiàn)象常出現(xiàn)在歸納型的文章里。所謂歸納型,則是先陳述現(xiàn)象,后總結(jié)規(guī)律。因此這類(lèi)的文章通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些總結(jié)性的詞:Therefore/ Hence/ Thus/ So/ Consequently/ Accordingly/ As a result/ As a consequence;或者會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些研究報(bào)告類(lèi)的詞組The research findings/ the study/ the investigation/ the analysis/ the evidences show/ reveal/ imply/ indicate/ suggest/ demonstrate / prove that…;甚至有的會(huì)直接出現(xiàn)總結(jié)型主題句:In short/ In general/ All in all/ To sum up/ In summary/ On the whole…我們一起分析下面這個(gè)例句:
The only species which demonstrated(證明,證實(shí)) near normal productivity(生產(chǎn)力) was Cassin's Auklet(卡森的海雀),in which the value for 1998 exceeded the long-term mean by 16 percent. However, given that very few Cassin's Auklets attempted to breed(生產(chǎn),繁衍),island-wide offspring(后代) production was extremely low. In short,these observations were quite similar,with slight variations,to observations made on the Farallon(法拉龍) seabird community in other severe E1 Nino years.
在這段話的句中,我們就發(fā)現(xiàn)了剛剛總結(jié)過(guò)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞“demonstrated”,但是我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),這個(gè)地方是“demonstrated”是屬于which這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中的,所以不是對(duì)整段話,甚至整篇文章的總結(jié)。所以排除了句話是主題句的可能性。第二句出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折,那我們又知道轉(zhuǎn)折句后面的肯定比前面重要,所以接著往下看這句話。但是,看完這句話之后,我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn),后一句話用了一個(gè)總結(jié)型的句子:“In short”,所以一下就能確定該段話的主題句就是后一句話。
掌握好這些判斷主題句的方法能幫我們更快地確定雅思閱讀段落主題,并節(jié)約雅思閱讀時(shí)間,有更多精力放在做題上。在雅思閱讀中能快速地幫我們解答的配對(duì)題,主旨題等!希望廣大考生也能積總結(jié)積累,不斷進(jìn)步。
雅思閱讀重要的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)
冒號(hào)
冒號(hào)在英文中有兩大用法:一是用在一個(gè)正式的引用前面,二是列出表示列舉、解釋和說(shuō)明性的詞語(yǔ)。比如在劍六TEST2篇文章的A段中,首句是這樣表達(dá)的:
In fact, Newman believes the main reason for adopting one sort of transport over another is politics: “The more democratic the process, the more public transport is favored.”冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是一句正式引語(yǔ),并對(duì)冒號(hào)前的politics進(jìn)行了具體的闡述說(shuō)明,因此,冒號(hào)后的內(nèi)容是本段的主題句,強(qiáng)調(diào)的引號(hào)內(nèi)的democratic一詞,所以在本篇個(gè)題型List of Heading中,本段的選項(xiàng)為A successful exercise in people power.
在劍橋四Test 4第三篇閱讀文章The Problem of Scarce Resources中個(gè)題型依舊是List of Heading。文章section c 段首句如下:
'However, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life.'冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容對(duì)前半句的an awareness of a contrary kind進(jìn)行了具體的解釋說(shuō)明,因此冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容就是解題的重點(diǎn)。在冒號(hào)后面提出了health-care與right的關(guān)系,所以這個(gè)段的段落大意選擇選項(xiàng)I The connection between health-care and other human rights.
括號(hào)
括號(hào)在英文中可以用來(lái)表示其中插入的或附加的解釋成分,這個(gè)插入成分可以是單詞、詞組或句子。例如在劍五TEST1篇文章Johnson’s Dictionary中,題號(hào)為5的summary即考察的就是文中括號(hào)內(nèi)的內(nèi)容。該題為:
Johnson did not have a ……..available to him, but eventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80 large notebooks. 根據(jù)題中的定位詞80 large notebooks, 考生可找到文章第六段首句” The work was immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000 words, and……..”考生根據(jù)所填題目前的did not have體現(xiàn)的否定關(guān)系以及不定冠詞a, 可預(yù)判答案選詞為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),并且體現(xiàn)為否定關(guān)系。通過(guò)閱讀,可確定答案為文章中括號(hào)內(nèi)的單詞library.
問(wèn)號(hào)
雅思閱讀中的問(wèn)號(hào),多數(shù)情況下用在設(shè)問(wèn)句之后。設(shè)問(wèn)句,即沒(méi)有疑問(wèn)而故意自問(wèn)自答,作者的目的在于引起讀者的注意和思考,能夠引起文章的跌宕起伏。因此,多數(shù)情況下, 如果在段首位置出現(xiàn)了問(wèn)號(hào),該句即為該段的主旨句。如劍六TEST1篇文章“Australia’s Sporting Success”的首段:
They play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. 前兩句為描述性語(yǔ)句,第三句問(wèn)句How do they do it?后的自問(wèn)自答引出了本段甚至本文的中心內(nèi)容。
破折號(hào)
雅思閱讀中的破折號(hào)后的內(nèi)容,通常是對(duì)主句中的某個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)的修飾或解釋說(shuō)明。破折號(hào)寫(xiě)法上共有兩種,一種為兩個(gè)破折號(hào)搭配使用,兩破折號(hào)中間部分為細(xì)節(jié)即—……—,而第二種情況為—…….的情況。如劍四TEST3第二篇文章:
Volcanoes-earth-shattering news”中Section C第二段首句:Sometimes it is slow: vast bubbles of magma-molten rock from the mantle-inch towards the surface…… 兩個(gè)破折號(hào)中的molten rock from the mantle是在解釋破折號(hào)之前的名詞magma.
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