雅思閱讀:英語名著語言典故(1)
2024-05-25 13:37:57 來源:中國教育在線
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1.a dog in the manger占著茅坑不拉屎的人
出自《伊索寓言》(Aesop'sFables),有一篇狗站馬槽的故事,說的是一頭狗躺在堆滿稻草的馬槽里,狗是不吃草的動物,而當(dāng)馬或牛一走進(jìn)稻草時,這頭狗卻朝著馬,??裣粶?zhǔn)食草動物享用。因此,狗站馬槽就成了一個家喻戶曉的成語而進(jìn)入英語中,常用來比喻aperson who prevents others from enjoying sth that is useless to himself; achurlish fellow who will neither use a thing himself nor let others useit,諷刺那些占據(jù)說職位或某些物質(zhì)卻不做事的人。
a dog in the manger是個名詞性短語,常與系動詞連用,充當(dāng)表語(主語補足語)
eg:He borrowed a lot of books from the library,but he didn't read a book.Hewas really a dog in the manger.
There are some officials who are only the dogs in the manger.
Smith was a dog in the manger over that roll of wire;it was no use whateverto him,but he wouldn't let us have it.
2.bell the cat自告奮勇去冒險;老虎頭上拍蒼蠅
bell the cat系成語to hang the bell about the cat'sneck的簡略,愿意是給貓的脖子上掛鈴。它來自《伊索寓言》(Aesop's Fables)中的《老鼠會議》(The Mice in Council)
這篇寓言講的是:一群老鼠在鼠洞里舉行會議,討論如何對付兇狠的貓。白胡須老鼠提出:我有個方法,在貓的脖子上掛一個鈴。這樣,貓一走動鈴就響,我們就可以聞鈴聲而逃避了,群鼠一致同意這個建議,歡呼:That'sa capital idea.We will bell the cat!No more fear of thecat!但是,誰去給貓掛鈴鐺呢?沒有一只老鼠敢去,一個個都溜掉了。老鼠會議豪無結(jié)果,它們不安全的境況當(dāng)然也無法改善。
寓言所寄托的意思很明白:遇到困難的問題時候,既需要有出謀獻(xiàn)策的人,更需要有挺身而出的實干家。
bell the cat常用來比喻to do sth dangerous in order to save others;to step forwarbravely to face the danger;to take a risk for the good of others.
eg:Everybody made suggestion,but no one actually offered to bell thecat.
We didn't know who would put him this delicate question when my friendoffered to bell the cat.
3.cry wolf虛發(fā)警報;慌報險情;危言聳聽
cry wolf來自《伊索寓言》:《牧童和狼》 (The Shepherdboy and the wolf)
有個牧童在離村子不遠(yuǎn)的山坡上放羊,有一次,他為了開心作樂,突然大喊:Help!Help!Thewolf!全村的人都聞聲跑來援助他時,才知道這只是開玩笑。如此惡作劇搞了兩三次。后來,狼真的來了,那個牧童再呼號求救時,誰也不理會他了。于是,狼把他的羊吃了。
這篇寓言的意義很清楚:愛說謊話的人,即或在他說真話時,也沒人相信他。由此,人們用to cry wolf來概括這篇寓言的基本情節(jié)及其教誡意義,用以比喻to give false alarms;to warn of danger where there isnone之意。按其比喻意義,這個成語相當(dāng)與漢語中出自《東周列國志》的典故:烽火戲諸侯。周幽王為博得寵妃褒泥一笑,竟然把軍國大事當(dāng)兒戲,烽火報警戲諸侯,使各路諸侯倉促發(fā)兵,馳援京師,結(jié)果收到嘲笑。后來犬戎進(jìn)犯,幽王再舉烽火調(diào)兵,誰也不來了,結(jié)果周幽王遭到殺身亡國之禍。這2個典故的情節(jié)雖不同,寓意卻完全不一致,都是表示一朝說假話,一世無人信
eg:Nobody will believe he is in trouble because he has cried wolf so manytimes.
Is she really sick of is she just crying wolf?
The newspaper placards that had cried wolf so often,cried wolf now invain.
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