（雅思課外精讀）長沙為何成為中國娛樂文化的圣地

雅思托?？荚囀且粋€(gè)非常有難度的考試，相信很多在備考階段的小伙伴們，每天都在關(guān)注一些雅思相關(guān)的消息。有同學(xué)問：【雅思課外精讀】長沙為何成為中國娛樂文化的圣地？？今天，一起來看看吧。

Entertainment娛樂

Heady Hunan火熱湖南

How Hunan province has become a font of popular culture湖南如何成為流行文化前沿

1. Among this summers television hits in China has been Sisters Who Make Waves. The show involves 30 female celebrities over the age of 30 competing for a spot in a five-member band. Viewers watch them train, perform and live together. Five hundred women, picked at random, get to vote for their favourite. Within three days of its airing in June, over 300m had watched the first episode on Mango TV , a streaming app owned by the state television network of Hunan, a central province. Social-media sites brim with praise from young feminists for these somewhat older role models: at last, a break from the devoted mothers and dewy-faced ingnuesbeloved of o?cial broadcasters.

今年夏天，《乘風(fēng)破浪的姐姐》是中國熱播的綜藝之一。在節(jié)目中，30名年齡在30+的女明星爭奪5人成團(tuán)位。觀眾能夠看到他們訓(xùn)練，表演和生活的片段。500名隨機(jī)挑選的女性為她們喜歡的女明星投票。該節(jié)目6月在湖南電視臺旗下的流媒體應(yīng)用芒果TV 上線，第一期上線三天內(nèi)就有超過3億的播放量。社交媒體上到處都是年輕的女權(quán)主義者對這些女明星的贊揚(yáng)：她們終于不再是官方媒體宣揚(yáng)的那種慈愛的母親和容易感動的天真女人形象了。

2. Making waves is what Hunan Broadcasting System (HBS) does best. It is the most-watchedtelevision network after China Central Television CCTV ), the state broadcasterand occasionally surpasses its ratings. That is striking for an out?t run by the government of a province that is better known as Chinas largest producer of rice and the birthplace of Mao Zedong red tourism centred on Maos formative haunts draws devotees of the chairman from around the country.

湖南衛(wèi)視最擅長的就是制造轟動。它是中國收視率排名第二的電視臺，僅次于中國中央電視臺（CCTV ），某些時(shí)候，湖南衛(wèi)視的收視甚至超過了CCTV 。湖南省是中國最大的大米生產(chǎn)地，也是毛澤東的故鄉(xiāng)，湖南也因此以紅色旅游吸引了全國各地的人來此表達(dá)他們對這位偉人的崇拜，因此，由湖南省政府運(yùn)營的湖南衛(wèi)視取得這樣的成績是很不同尋常的。

3. But Changsha, the provincial capital, has become a font of Chinas popular culture. It is home to over 12,000 companies involved in creating it. They employ one in eight of the citys workers. By one o?cial calculation, no other sector contributes more to Changshas wealth. In 2017 (the most recent year for which ?gures are available) creative and cultural industries generated 9% of the citys GDPa proportion twice as high as their contribution to national output. At their heart in Hunan is a broadcaster with a knack for cranking out programmes that are watched throughout China. In 2018 HBSs a?liates produced six of Chinas best-liked costume dramas and eight of its most popular songs.

湖南省會長沙已經(jīng)成為了中國流行文化的源頭。長沙文化產(chǎn)業(yè)有超過12000家公司，它們一起創(chuàng)造了這樣的奇跡，這些公司雇傭了長沙八分之一的勞動力。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)官方統(tǒng)計(jì)，長沙文化產(chǎn)業(yè)對長沙財(cái)富的貢獻(xiàn)是最大的。2017年 (可獲得數(shù)據(jù)的最近一年)，創(chuàng)意和文化產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)造了該市GDP的9%，是其對國民產(chǎn)出貢獻(xiàn)的兩倍。湖南很擅長制作出受全國觀眾喜愛的節(jié)目。2018年，湖南衛(wèi)視旗下的各家公司制作了6部中國最受歡迎的古裝劇和8首最受歡迎的歌曲。

4. Changshas standing has turned its biennial Golden Eagle awards into one of Chinas three most prestigious prize-giving ceremonies for TV stars. By GDP per person, Hunan ranks 16th among Chinas 31 provincial-level regions. But its 67m people are the countrys fifth-biggest spenders on culture, education and entertainment. Hunans journey to national pop-culture prominence began in the 1990s when the provincial broadcasting authorities created a satellite TV station with license to try something new. It produced lively news reports, a celebrity-led variety show called Happy Camp and even a matchmaking programme. By 2000 hotels in Beijing were luring guests with placards boasting, We have Hunan Satellite TV, the New York Times observed at the time.

長沙的突出地位使其兩年一度的金鷹獎(jiǎng)成為中國三大重量級電視頒獎(jiǎng)之一。按人GDP計(jì)算，湖南在中國31個(gè)省級地區(qū)中排名第16位。湖南有6700萬人，但在文化、教育和娛樂消費(fèi)方面，湖南排名第五。上世紀(jì)90年代，湖南開始了其走向全國流行文化前沿的旅程。當(dāng)時(shí)，省級廣播部門創(chuàng)辦了一家衛(wèi)星電視臺，試圖嘗試一些新的東西，該電視臺制作了一些生動的現(xiàn)場報(bào)道，播出了由名人主導(dǎo)的綜藝節(jié)目《快樂大本營》，甚至還播出了一些相親節(jié)目。據(jù)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，2008年，北京的酒店甚至開始用我們酒店有湖南衛(wèi)視頻道這樣的標(biāo)語來吸引顧客。

5. Much of that early success was the work of a Hunanese bureaucrat, Wei Wenbin. When he took over as director of the Hunan Radio and Television Department, Mr Wei read up about Americas entertainment industry. On land once used by a state-run rose farm, he built a vast park for television and ?lm production and moved the new satellite TV station there. The area, Malanshan, has since grown into a cultural powerhouse, drawing media giants such as iQiyi and Tencent. In 2017 eight of the ten most-streamed variety shows on the Chinese internet were hatched there.

湖南衛(wèi)視早期的成功很大程度上是魏文彬的功勞。在擔(dān)任湖南廣播電視部部長時(shí)，魏文彬深入了解了美國的娛樂產(chǎn)業(yè)。他在一片國有玫瑰農(nóng)場上建起了一個(gè)巨大的電視和電影制作園區(qū)，并將新的電視臺搬去了那里。如今，馬欄山已經(jīng)成了一個(gè)文化中心，吸引了愛奇藝和騰訊等媒體巨頭。2017年，中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上收視率最高的10檔綜藝節(jié)目中有8檔都是在馬欄山完成的。

6. Hunan TV was the ?rst network in China to try broadcasting for pro?t. That led it to focus on entertainment, a priority which helped it avoid political mistakes, as Wu Changchang of East China Normal University has noted. According to Mr Wu, Hunan TV struck a delicate balance between winning the love of viewers and approval from the National Radio and Television Administration（NRTA）, which is a prerequisite of commercial success in China.

湖南衛(wèi)視是中國第一家嘗試通過廣播盈利的電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)。華東師范大學(xué)的吳暢暢指出，這使得湖南衛(wèi)視專注于娛樂，有助于其避免一些政治上的失誤。吳暢暢表示，湖南衛(wèi)視在贏得觀眾喜愛和獲得廣電總局喜愛之間找到了微妙的平衡，而獲得廣電總局認(rèn)可是湖南衛(wèi)視獲得商業(yè)成功的先決條件。

7. The government has occasionally winced. In 2011 it took Happy Girls, a fantastically popular singing contest, o? air. The o?cial explanation was that the show was too racy for its prime-time slot, but many wondered whether its huge excitable fan base worried the NRTA. In 2004 a forerunner of the show, Super Girls, had let spectators vote for contestants by text messagea ?rst in China. After a few years Hunan TV limited voting mainly to a studio audience.

政府有時(shí)候也會害怕。2011年，一直廣受歡迎的歌唱比賽快樂女聲停播。官方解釋是，這個(gè)節(jié)目太過活潑，不適合在黃金時(shí)段播出。但是，很多人懷疑，其實(shí)是該節(jié)目龐大而又易被煽動的粉絲群體引起了廣電總局的擔(dān)憂。2004年，快樂女聲的前身超級女聲讓觀眾通過短信為選手投票，這在中國尚屬首次。幾年后，湖南衛(wèi)視的投票僅面向500名現(xiàn)場觀眾了。

8. Yet Hunans stations still have space to explore new things, in the view of a manager at Mango TV. The government wants to get closer to its audience, he says, in particular to the young who spend hours glued to their smartphones. Internet broadcasters such as Mango TV, with 18m subscribers, help it to do so.

然而，在芒果的一位管理人員看來，湖南衛(wèi)視仍有很大探索新事物的空間。他表示，政府想要聯(lián)系群眾，尤其是那些每天大部分時(shí)間都在盯著手機(jī)屏幕的年輕人。擁有1800萬用戶的芒果TV等互聯(lián)網(wǎng)廣播公司能夠幫助政府實(shí)現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。

9. Hunan TV s ability to experiment matters for the development of Chinese broadcasting. a former presenter at the station says the province is a training ground for much of the countrys television talent. Industry insiders call Changsha the West Point of Chinas cultural-entertainment industry, a reference to the American armys elite academy.

湖南衛(wèi)視的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)芰χ袊鴱V播事業(yè)的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。前湖南主持人李淑婉表示，湖南是中國許多電視人才的訓(xùn)練場。業(yè)內(nèi)人士稱長沙為中國文化娛樂業(yè)的西點(diǎn)軍校。

10. It is just as competitive. In 2013 Ms Li was one of only two students from Hunan University who were admitted to Hunan TV s graduate programme. This year some 30,000 people applied for 100 spots on Mango TV s trainee scheme. Mango TV encourages young recruits to speak up and suggest fresh ideas. They can receive funding to implement their proposals.

湖南的競爭也很激烈。2013年，湖南大學(xué)僅有兩名畢業(yè)生被錄取進(jìn)入湖南電視臺的畢業(yè)生項(xiàng)目，李淑婉就是其中之一。今年，芒果TV有100個(gè)培訓(xùn)生名額，約有3萬人提交了申請。芒果TV鼓勵(lì)新員工大膽發(fā)生，提出新想法，他們會為這些新想法的落地實(shí)施提供資金支持。

11. Yang Tianhao, a co-founder of , which manages 600 social-media influencers from itso?ces in China (including Changsha) and Los Angeles, says that young people in Hunans capital are risk-takers, with parents who are more willing to let their children try their luck in a ?ckle industry than counterparts in richer Chinese cities. Well before Hunans Sisters ?lled smartphone screens, a Hunanese woman was making them: Zhou Qunfei, the founder of Lens Technology. Born to a poor, rural family, she was named the worlds richest self-made woman in 2018.

二咖傳媒負(fù)責(zé)管理600個(gè)社交媒體紅人，在中國和洛杉磯都有分部，其創(chuàng)始人之一楊天浩表示，比起中國其他城市來說，長沙的年輕人勇于挑戰(zhàn)，他們的父母也更愿意讓他們的孩子在這個(gè)碰運(yùn)氣的行業(yè)里面去闖一闖。早在湖南的《乘風(fēng)破浪的姐姐》風(fēng)靡之前，一個(gè)湖南女性就已經(jīng)在創(chuàng)造這樣的奇跡了，她就是藍(lán)思科技的創(chuàng)始人周群飛。她出生在一個(gè)貧窮的農(nóng)村家庭，2018年被評為世界上最富有的白手起家女首富。

12. People in China like to point to character traits which they believe are shared by natives of a particular province. The executive at Mango TV detects a cultural gene to break the rules among Hunanese. For evidence, he points to Mao and Liu Shaoqi, who was born in Changsha and served as Maos prime minister. Hunans broadcasters certainly have an interest in cultivating the stereotype: an edgy feel is crucial to the success of their brand.

在中國人看來，某一個(gè)省份的人有一些共有的特征。芒果TV的高管發(fā)現(xiàn)湖南人有一種打破規(guī)則的文化基因。為了證明這一點(diǎn)，他還提到了毛澤東和劉少奇。劉少奇也出生在長沙，曾擔(dān)任毛澤東的總理。湖南電視臺肯定會打造這樣一種印象：前衛(wèi)感對湖南衛(wèi)視的成功至關(guān)重要。

精讀解析

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)P1P2: 由《乘風(fēng)破浪的姐姐》引入，湖南衛(wèi)視擅長制造轟動，取得巨大成功。P3P4：湖南成為中國流行文化的前沿：金鷹獎(jiǎng)；各種節(jié)目；P5P9：湖南成功的歷史：魏文彬的改革；湖南在廣電總局和觀眾喜愛之間努力尋找平衡；湖南的成功對中國電視行業(yè)發(fā)展至關(guān)重要：湖南是中國娛樂業(yè) 的西點(diǎn)。P10P11：湖南競爭激烈，鼓勵(lì)挑戰(zhàn)；P12：湖南的文化基因：敢于打破規(guī)則。

重點(diǎn)單詞compete for角逐，競爭；為比賽【例句】Two candidates competed for the vacancy.兩個(gè)應(yīng)征者競爭這一空缺。

at random隨便地；任意地；胡亂地【例句】I admire those who are in love on campus and at the same time I felicitate myself on not choosing at random.我羨慕那些擁有校園愛情的同學(xué)，也為我自己的寧缺勿濫喝彩。

episode /ep ? s ?? d/ n. 插曲；插話；一段情節(jié)；有趣的事件【例句】This episode may serve as a paradigm.這一插曲可以充作典型例子。

brim with洋溢著；充滿著【例句】Her eyes were brimming with tears.她已經(jīng)熱淚盈眶了。

dewy-faced 淚流滿面的

ingnue / ?n ? einju:/ n. 天真無邪的少女【例句】Perhaps an ingnue, such as a child, may appreciate the gestalt of a great work of art.或許只有純真的人，就像兒童，能一下就感受到一件偉大的藝術(shù)品的優(yōu)美。

most-watched adj. 收視率最高的【例句】What`s now the most watched sports event on the planet, the World Cup, was first held in 1930.現(xiàn)在世界上最受關(guān)注的體育賽事是世界杯，第一次舉辦是在1930年。

surpass /s?pɑ?s/ vt. 勝過，優(yōu)于；超越；非所能辦到或理解【例句】This realization of our dreams surpassed even our wildest expectations.我們夢想的實(shí)現(xiàn)甚至超越了我們最大膽的估計(jì)。

out?t /a?tf?t/ n. 全套裝備, 全套工具；一套服裝；集體; 組織【例句】Tom was the brains of the outfit.湯姆是這幫人的軍師。

formative /f??m?t?v/ adj. (影響)形成〔構(gòu)成, 發(fā)展〕的【例句】Parents have the greatest formative effect on their childrens behaviour.父母對孩子的行為有最深遠(yuǎn)的影響。

haunt /h??nt/ vt. 經(jīng)常出沒于；纏繞, 縈繞n. 某人常去的地方【例句】The area was a haunt of criminals.這個(gè)地區(qū)是罪犯經(jīng)常出沒的地方。

devotee /?dev?(?)ti?/ n. 愛好者；信徒【例句】Its greatest devotees praise it even more extravagantly.極度熱愛這本書的人對它的贊美更是不遺余力。

calculation /klkj?le??(?)n/ n. 計(jì)算,計(jì)算(的結(jié)果)；推斷;預(yù)測,估計(jì)；盤算,深思熟慮,慎重的計(jì)劃；自私的打算；算計(jì)【例句】All his calculations and experiments are carefully dominated.他的一切計(jì)算和實(shí)驗(yàn)都受到嚴(yán)格控制。

available / ? ve ? l ? b( ? )l/ adj. 可用的或可得到的；可會見的, 可與之交談的【短語】available for 可用于的；對有效的；能參加的available on 僅在有效（付款）available from 可向購買available with 向（指定銀行）押匯available resources 可利用的資源【例句】It is both cheap and abundantly available.它不僅便宜而且產(chǎn)量豐富。

knack /nk/ n. 訣竅；本領(lǐng)；熟練技術(shù)；巧妙手法【例句】There is a knack in tying ropes together.把繩子綁在一起有點(diǎn)技巧。

crank out制成；粗制濫造【例句】Indian factories cranked out 30% fewer air conditioners and 15% fewer colour televisions, official data show.印度生產(chǎn)的空調(diào)數(shù)量下降了30%，彩電數(shù)量下降了15%。

a?liate/ ? f ? l ? e ? t/ vt. 使隸屬于, 接納為成員n. 附屬企業(yè)【短語】affiliate marketing 聯(lián)盟營銷；從屬營銷affiliate program 聯(lián)盟計(jì)劃；伙伴計(jì)劃affiliate with v. 交往affiliate company 聯(lián)營公司【例句】This hospital is affiliated with that university.這個(gè)醫(yī)院是那所大學(xué)的附屬醫(yī)院。

biennial /ba?en??l/ adj. 兩年一次的n. 二年生植物【例句】The workers were strongly against the biennial election.工人們強(qiáng)烈反對兩年一次的選舉。

prestigious /prest?d??s/ adj. 受尊敬的, 有聲望的, 有威信的【例句】Britains most prestigious prize for contemporary art.英國對當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的最高獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。

prize-giving ceremony頒獎(jiǎng)典禮【例句】Doshi will be given the $100,000 prize in May at a ceremony in Toronto, Canada.多西將于5月在加拿大多倫多舉行的頒獎(jiǎng)典禮上獲得10萬美元的獎(jiǎng)金。

prominence /pr ? m ? n ? ns/ n. 聲望, 杰出；突出;重要;要事【例句】Bridget Rileycame to prominence as an artist in the 1960s.布里奇特賴?yán)?0世紀(jì)60年代成為卓越的藝術(shù)家。

satellite /st?la?t/ n. 衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星；衛(wèi)星國, 附庸國, 衛(wèi)星都市【例句】The program is being relayed by satellite.節(jié)目正在通過衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播。

variety show雜耍表演；綜藝節(jié)目【例句】Soupys Soda Shop was later followed by a variety show called Club Nothing.在《蘇坡的蘇打商店》之后，他又做了一檔名為《無俱樂部》的綜藝節(jié)目。

placard /plkɑ ? d/ n. 招貼,布告,廣告vt. 張貼布告于,在上貼廣告【例句】The circus placarded the city with advertisements.馬戲團(tuán)滿城張貼廣告。

bureaucrat /bj??r?krt/ n. 官僚,官僚主義者,官僚作風(fēng)的人【例句】He was just another faceless bureaucrat.他只不過是一個(gè)典型呆板的官員。

read up 攻讀，研讀

read up on 仔細(xì)研究；熟讀（以準(zhǔn)備考試）【例句】You can read up on water issues in your community, then attend town hall or water department hearings.你可以研究你所在小區(qū)的水議題，然后參與市政廳或水利機(jī)構(gòu)的聽證會。

powerhouse /pa ?? ha ? s/ n. 精力充沛的人，身強(qiáng)力壯的人；強(qiáng)大的集團(tuán)（或組織）；強(qiáng)國；權(quán)勢集團(tuán)；權(quán)威人士；動力源【例句】Hes a powerhouse, because he is so open.他是個(gè)精力充沛的人，因?yàn)樗侨绱说奶拐\直率。Once the regions economic powerhouse, today, the Japanese economy is struggling.作為該地區(qū)曾經(jīng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國，日本經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)如今正處于掙扎之中。

most-streamed 最熱門的【例句】Somebody that I used to know was the most streamed track in 2012.他的Somebody that I used to know排在2012年流音樂的榜首。

hatch /ht ? / n. 艙口；孵化vt. 策劃；孵【短語】hatch out 孵出；策劃hatch cover 艙口蓋；裝貨口蓋escape hatch 安全艙口【例句】The chicks hatch out after fifteen days.小雞過十五天就孵出來了。

priority /pra ?? r ? t ? / n. 優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)；優(yōu)先次序；優(yōu)先考慮的事【短語】give priority to 優(yōu)先考慮；認(rèn)為優(yōu)先top priority 最優(yōu)先的first priority 最優(yōu)先；絕對優(yōu)先權(quán)high priority n. 高優(yōu)先級【例句】Debenture holder has priority over ordinary shareholder.債券持有人比普通股東享有優(yōu)先權(quán)。

prerequisite /pri ? rekw ? z ? t/ n. 先決條件,前提【短語】prerequisite course 預(yù)修課程prerequisite condition 先決條件【例句】Training is a prerequisite for competence.接受訓(xùn)練是掌握技能的前提。

wince /w ? ns/ vi. 畏縮，退避n. 畏縮；臉部肌肉的抽搐【例句】He winced inwardly at her harsh tone.她那嚴(yán)厲的語氣令他膽寒。

prime-time slot黃金時(shí)段【例句】The show was taken off its prime-time slot because the ratings dropped. 因?yàn)槭找暵氏陆?，這個(gè)節(jié)目被移出了黃金時(shí)間檔。

glue to 盯著；緊貼著；粘到上；膠著在上【例句】You know, every time I saw you at the theater, your eyes were glued to the floor.我每次在電影院看到你的時(shí)候 你都盯著地板看。

subscriber /s?b?skra?b? / n. (報(bào)刊的)訂閱人,訂購者,訂戶； (慈善機(jī)關(guān)等的)定期捐款者,定期捐助者；消費(fèi)者;用戶【例句】Subscribers to the magazine can take advantage of this special offer.雜志訂戶可享有此項(xiàng)特惠。

co-founder /k ?? fa ? nd ? / n. 共同創(chuàng)辦人,共同創(chuàng)始人【例句】Hes the co-founder of Promethean Power Systems.他是普羅米修斯電力系統(tǒng)的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人。

fickle /f ? k( ? )l/ adj. 易變的；浮躁的；變幻無常的【例句】They have no use for fickle supporters.他們不能容忍反覆無常的擁護(hù)者。

counterpart /ka ? nt ? pɑ ? t/ n. 與對方地位相當(dāng)?shù)娜? 與另一方作用相當(dāng)?shù)奈铩纠洹縃er counterpart left in vain and vapidity.對方索然無味，徙勞而去。

self-made /selfmeid/ adj. 自制的,自造的；靠自己努力而成功的,白手起家的【例句】He is a self-made man. 他是個(gè)白手起家的人。

stereotype /ster??(?)ta?p/ n. 老套, 模式化的見解, 有老一套固定想法的人vt. 把模式化, 使成陳規(guī)【例句】I hate to buy into stereotypes.我厭惡墨守成規(guī)。

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