（雅思課外精讀）在疫情期間開學(xué)會(huì)承受多大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

雅思托?？荚噷τ谙胍鰢魧W(xué)或移民的人來說，是一個(gè)非常重要的考試。因此，了解考試的時(shí)間表和出分時(shí)間對于準(zhǔn)備考試的考生來說非常關(guān)鍵。下面中國教育在線外語頻道小編就為大家分享一下“【雅思課外精讀】在疫情期間開學(xué)會(huì)承受多大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)？”？

Covid-19 in schools

新冠與學(xué)校

Other countries show that schools need not be pandemic hotspots

其他國家的實(shí)踐表明，學(xué)校并不是新冠重災(zāi)區(qū)

Learning from the world

向世界學(xué)習(xí)

1. HOW MUCH of a risk is opening schools during the pandemic? Experience from a number of countries is starting to shed some light.

在疫情期間開學(xué)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有多大?一些國家的事件給出了答案。

2. For the children themselves, covid-19 is not a big threat. They usually have mild symptomsor none at all. Among children with symptoms, only 0.1% of those younger than ten and 0.3% of those aged between ten and 19 end up in hospital, a study from Britain shows. For school-aged children, a covid-19 infection is less deadly than most flu infections.

對孩子來說，新冠并不是一個(gè)大威脅。他們通常只是有輕微癥狀甚至是根本沒有癥狀。一項(xiàng)來自英國的研究表明，在有癥狀的兒童中，只有0.1%10歲以下的兒童住院，而在10到19歲的兒童中只有0.3%的兒童住院。對于學(xué)齡兒童來說，新冠感染致死率低于大多數(shù)流感感染。

3. The big worry is that children may spread the virus through school. Studies in households where someone introduced the infection usually find that younger children are much less likely to catch the virus than adults. The evidence for older children is mixed, with some studies concluding that they are as susceptible to infection as adults.

最大的擔(dān)憂是孩子們可能通過學(xué)校傳播病毒。在有人感染的家庭中進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，較年幼的兒童比成年人感染病毒的可能性要小得多。關(guān)于年齡稍大的兒童的研究有好有壞，一些研究得出結(jié)論說，他們和成年人一樣容易受到感染。

4. But even if children are infected less easily at home, when they mingle a lot chances are that many of them will pick up the virus. In an overnight summer camp in the state of Georgia in June at least half of the 346 children attending were infected.

但是即使孩子們在室內(nèi)不太容易被感染，但當(dāng)他們聚集在一起時(shí)，他們中的許多人也很有可能染上病毒。今年6月，在喬治亞州的一個(gè)通宵夏令營中，參加夏令營的346名兒童中至少有一半被感染。

5. Whether the sort of mingling that happens at school is also a recipe for disaster is best judged by looking at countries where schools have reopened. Data from England published on August 23rd are encouraging. Its schools reopened in June for some school years before closing for the summer a month later. In that period only 0.01% of preschools and primary schools had covid-19 outbreaks, affecting 70 children and 128 staffout of 25,470 infections recorded in England as a whole. Of the 30 school outbreaks involved, the probable source in 20 was a staff member. Students were the source in eight cases, and in two cases the source was unclear.

在學(xué)校里的這種聚集是否會(huì)導(dǎo)致災(zāi)難，最好的依據(jù)是看看那些已經(jīng)復(fù)課的國家。8月23日英國公布的數(shù)據(jù)令人鼓舞。6月份英國一些年級復(fù)課，但是僅僅一個(gè)月之后就由于暑假關(guān)閉了。在此期間，只有0.01%的幼兒園和小學(xué)感染大爆發(fā)，在英國記錄的25,470例感染中，有70名兒童和128名教師受到感染。在涉及的30所學(xué)校中，20所學(xué)校的感染源是學(xué)校工作人員，8個(gè)學(xué)校的感染源是學(xué)生，還有兩例來源不明。

6. That teaching is not exceptionally risky is also the conclusion from Sweden. Staff at its nurseries and primary schools, which never closed, were no more likely to become infected than those in other jobs.

教學(xué)活動(dòng)并不危險(xiǎn)，這也是瑞典得出的結(jié)論。與從事其他工作的員工相比，從未關(guān)閉過的托兒所和小學(xué)的員工感染新冠的可能性并不高。

7. Less clear is the role of secondary schools in infections. They have stayed shut almost everywhere. Outbreaks in France and Israel suggest that the virus could spread more easily in them than in primary schools. Older students may be easier to keep apart in classrooms, but good luck trying to stop them congregating afterwards.

中學(xué)的感染情況尚不清楚。幾乎所有地方的中學(xué)都關(guān)閉了。在法國和以色列爆發(fā)的疫情表明，病毒在中學(xué)比在小學(xué)更容易傳播。讓年紀(jì)大些的學(xué)生在教室里面保持社交距離可能很容易，但是想讓他們不要聚集就太難了。

8. America would struggle to contain school outbreaks as much of Europe has done, because infection rates in many states are too high and health officials are overwhelmed. Tough choices may be necessary. Britains prime minister, Boris Johnson, has warned that pubs might have to close (to keep infections down) so that children can go to school. In America, where any constraint on freedom goes against the grain, such trade-offs may be an even tougher sell.

美國將像歐洲一樣努力控制疫情在學(xué)校爆發(fā)，因?yàn)樵S多州的感染率太高，衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)不堪重負(fù)。艱難的選擇可能是必要的。英國首相鮑里斯約翰遜警告說，酒吧可能必須關(guān)閉(以減少感染)，這樣孩子們才能上學(xué)。在美國，任何限制自由的措施都是有違常理的，這樣的權(quán)衡取舍可能更難讓人接受。

精讀解析

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)

P1: 直接提出問題：在疫情期間開學(xué)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有多大?

P2P4：兒童新冠感染率低，但是也有研究和事件表明開學(xué)的聚集會(huì)導(dǎo)致感染，具體該怎么辦還是需要借鑒別的國家的實(shí)踐。

P5P7：英國，瑞典和其他國家的實(shí)踐。

P8：需要做出一些取舍。

重點(diǎn)單詞

shed light 使某事容易理解; 闡明; 揭示;

shed light on 闡明；使清楚地顯出

shed light upon 闡明；使明白

【例句】

Paul says that memo could shed light on a major constitutional debate.

保羅表示，這份備忘錄可能讓人們對一個(gè)重要的憲法辯論有進(jìn)一步的了解。

mild symptom輕微癥狀

【例句】

The two only had mild symptoms after getting infected.

他們被感染后只出現(xiàn)了輕微的癥狀。

school-aged children學(xué)齡兒童

【例句】

About 20 percent of school age children there live in poverty.

但20%的學(xué)齡兒童生活在貧困當(dāng)中。

susceptible/s?sept?b(?)l/ adj. 易受影響的; 易動(dòng)感情的；過敏的; 易受感染的；能經(jīng)受的

【短語】

susceptible of 容許的，能的

susceptible to adj. 易受...影響的；對敏感的

be susceptible to 對敏感；易患；易受影響

【例句】

His statement is susceptible of another interpretation.

他的陳述可以有另一種解釋。

mingle /m??g(?)l/ vt.vi. 混合, 混入, 與交往[聯(lián)系]

【例句】

The two rivers mingle their waters when they join.

兩河相會(huì)時(shí)匯流在一起。

recipe/res?p?/ n. 烹飪法; 食譜；方法; 秘訣; 訣竅

【例句】

If you ask me, that idea sounds like a recipe for disaster.

你問我的話，我覺得那個(gè)主意聽起來不像會(huì)有什么好結(jié)果。

preschool/pri?sku?l/ adj. 未滿學(xué)齡的;就學(xué)前的n. 育幼院;幼兒園

【例句】

Only 40% of 5-year-olds have access to preschool education.

5歲孩童中只有40%能享受學(xué)前教育。

congregate /k??gr?ge?t/ vt.vi. (使)集合, 聚集

【同根】

congregation n. 集會(huì)；集合；圣會(huì)

【例句】

The crowds congregated in the town square to hear the President.

人群聚集在城內(nèi)廣場上聽總統(tǒng)講話。

overwhelm/??v?welm/ vt. 覆蓋, 淹沒；壓倒, 制服; 打?。皇鼓橙瞬恢?/p>

【短語】

overwhelm by 以壓倒

overwhelming superiority 絕對優(yōu)勢

overwhelming majority 壓倒性多數(shù)

【例句】

The boat was overwhelmed by the waves.

船被浪打翻了。

go against the grain背道而馳，違背別人的想法做事

【例句】

Many people love him because he goes against the grain, but others say hes bad for sumo.

他的獨(dú)樹一幟讓他獲得了許多人的鐘愛，但是還有許多人認(rèn)為他對相撲產(chǎn)生了壞影響。

trade-off/treid?f,-?:f/ n. 交換,協(xié)定,交易,平衡

【例句】

We wouldnt trade off our fundamental rights and liberties for any economic advantages.

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