（雅思課外精度）耶魯大學(xué)被要求改名為“黑爾”大學(xué)

留學(xué)，語言成績是必要材料之一，并且在申請院校的進程中，語言成績的高低直接影響著你最終能申請什么到水平的院校，下面外語頻道小編為大家具體分享下“【雅思課外精度】耶魯大學(xué)被要求改名為“黑爾”大學(xué)”內(nèi)容。

Change Yale University To Hale University, Online Petition Says

網(wǎng)上請愿書要求將耶魯大學(xué)改為黑爾大學(xué)

1. A online petition is seeking to change the name of the nations third oldest college from Yale to Hale. The idea is to replace a controversial colonial corporate figure who oversaw slave trading with the rhymes-with-Yale name of an American hero who died during the Revolutionary War.

耶魯大學(xué)是美國歷史第三悠久的大學(xué)，網(wǎng)上一份請愿書要求將耶魯大學(xué)更名為黑爾大學(xué)。這是要讓一位在獨立戰(zhàn)爭中犧牲的英雄的名字來取代那位負責(zé)監(jiān)管奴隸貿(mào)易的殖民商人。

2. Elihu Yale (1649-1721) was born in Boston and grew up in London. He became president of an outpost in Madras, India of the British East India Company and from there oversaw a flourishing slave trade, according to a historical account based on company documents. A portrait from the time shows Yale sitting with other rich British gentlemen near a young slave with a collar around his neck.

伊利胡耶魯(1649-1721) 出生于波士頓，在倫敦長大。根據(jù)英國東印度公司的文件記錄，耶魯后來是英國東印度公司在印度馬德拉斯前哨基地的總督，在那里，他主要監(jiān)管奴隸貿(mào)易。當時的一幅畫像顯示，耶魯和一些其他富有的英國紳士坐在一個脖子上戴著項圈的年輕奴隸旁邊。

3. He was controversial even in his time because of his other behavior in India, including hanging a local groomsman for stealing a horse without trial, profiteering from illegal trading side deals, and siring a love child with a widow after his wife returned home to England. Even the epitaph on his tomb offers a split decision in the course of a nine-line poem, stating Much good, some ill, he did

甚至是在耶魯所處的年代，他的行為也引起了一些爭議：他曾未經(jīng)審批絞死一名偷馬的當?shù)伛R夫；他也曾從非法交易中謀取暴力，還在他的妻子回英國之后與一名寡婦有了一個私生子。甚至他墓志銘上的九行詩中也出現(xiàn)了一種分裂：他做了很多好事，也做了一些壞事

4. In 1718, Elihu Yale gave some of his wealth for a building at a college in New Haven, Connecticut, and school officials named the school after him.

1718年，伊利胡耶魯捐錢在康涅狄格州紐黑文的一所學(xué)院建造了一幢大樓，學(xué)校官員以他的名字命名了這所學(xué)校。

5. Nathan Hale (1755-1776) was a Connecticut teacher who joined the Continental Army early in the Revolutionary War and rose to captain. He volunteered to go on a dangerous spying mission in New York, was captured by the British, and was hanged without trial in Manhattan, after being denied a Bible and a clergyman. He was 21.

而內(nèi)森黑爾(1755-1776)是康涅狄格州的一名教師，他在獨立戰(zhàn)爭早期加入大陸軍，后來還晉升為上尉。他自愿去紐約執(zhí)行一項危險的間諜任務(wù)，后來被英國人抓獲，被開除了教籍，未經(jīng)審判就在曼哈頓被絞死。他當時僅21歲。

6. British officers were impressed enough by Hales behavior to record portions of his speech at the gallows, including a line that has come down through history: I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.

黑爾的言行給英國人留下了深刻的印象，他們將他在絞刑架上的演講記錄了下來，其中有一句話非常出名：很遺憾，我只能為我的祖國犧牲一次。

7. Hale did not own slaves, and was well thought of by friends, relatives, and soldiers under his command. Hale was also a 1773 graduate of the college that currently bears Elihu Yales name.

黑爾沒有蓄養(yǎng)奴隸，他的親戚、朋友和下轄的士兵都很器重他。黑爾1773年畢業(yè)于耶魯大學(xué)。

8. Yale University tilts left, and university officials have in recent years appeared open to making major changes based on the historical record of its honorees.

耶魯大學(xué)傾向于左派，耶魯大學(xué)近年來似乎很愿意根據(jù)其紀念人物的言行作出一些重大改變。

9. In 2017, the school ditched John C. Calhoun, a prominent 19th century slave owner and defender of slavery, as the honoree of one of its residential colleges where students and some faculty members live.

2017年，耶魯大學(xué)取消了19世紀著名奴隸主、奴隸制捍衛(wèi)者約翰C卡爾霍恩(John C. Calhoun)作為一所住宿學(xué)院的榮譽校長的名義。該住宿學(xué)院為一些學(xué)生和教職工提供住宿。

10. At the time, the president of Yale University, Peter Salovey, acknowledged that Elihu Yales hands werent clean, either, but he suggested that the earlier mans connection to the school is stronger than Calhouns, who graduated from Yale College in 1802, in part because Elihu Yale donated a significant sum at an important time in the schools development.

當時，耶魯大學(xué)校長彼得薩洛維承認伊利胡耶魯歷史并不清白，但他認為耶魯與耶魯大學(xué)的聯(lián)系比1802年畢業(yè)于耶魯?shù)目柣舳鞲泳o密。主要是因為耶魯對耶魯大學(xué)的捐贈促進了耶魯大學(xué)的發(fā)展。

11.Honoring a namesake whose legacy so sharply conflicts with the universitys values should weigh especially heavily when the name adorns a residential college, which plays a key role in forming community at Yale, the university president said in February 2017. Moreover, unlike, for example, Elihu Yale, who made a gift that supported the founding of our university, or other namesakes who have close historical connections to Yale, Calhoun has no similarly strong association with our campus.

2017年2月，耶魯大學(xué)校長表示：住宿學(xué)院對建立耶魯社區(qū)起著非常重要的作用，紀念一位聲名和學(xué)校價值觀存在著如此尖銳的沖突的人顯得很突兀。此外，與埃里胡耶魯或其他與耶魯歷史上有密切聯(lián)系的人不同，卡爾霍恩與我們學(xué)校的臉上沒有那么緊密。

12. That strong association stems from a letter Congregational minister Cotton Mather wrote in January 1718 to Elihu Yale, who was 68, rich, and without obvious heirs. What was then known as the Collegiate School had recently moved from Saybrook, Connecticut to New Haven, and it was in need of a new building.

伊利胡耶魯和耶魯大學(xué)如此強烈的聯(lián)系來自于1718年1月公里部長科頓馬瑟寫給他的一封信。他當時68歲，富有、沒有繼承人。當時被稱為大學(xué)學(xué)院的耶魯剛剛從從康涅狄格州的塞布魯克搬到了紐黑文，學(xué)校需要一棟建筑。

13. Mather, according to a web site that quotes the letter called British-Values.com, floated naming rights:

Sir, though you have your felicities in your family, which I pray God continue and multiply, yet certainly, if what is forming at New Haven might wear the name of YALE COLLEGE, it would be better than a name of sons and daughters. And your munificence might easily obtain for you such a commemoration and perpetuation of your valuable name, which would indeed be much better than an Egyptian pyramid.

援引這封信的網(wǎng)站稱，馬瑟提出了冠名權(quán):

先生，你家業(yè)很大，我也祈禱上帝讓你的家業(yè)能夠更大，但是毫無疑問，如果紐黑文能夠有機會冠有先生的姓名，被叫做耶魯大學(xué)，這比有一個兒子或者一個女兒都要好。你的慷慨能夠使你的名字能夠永遠得到保存和紀念，這確實比埃及的金字塔要好得多。

14. Elihu Yale, after some cajoling, responded with textiles, books, and a portrait of King George I, which were worth enough to help the school establish a foothold in New Haven. Even so, its not clear that calling the school Yale was part of the deal, according to a scholarly article published in 2012 by Yale University Art Gallery Bulletin.

經(jīng)過一番哄騙，伊利胡耶魯捐贈了紡織品、書籍和喬治一世的一幅肖像畫，這足以幫助學(xué)校在紐黑文站穩(wěn)腳跟。即便如此，根據(jù)《耶魯大學(xué)美術(shù)館公報》2012年發(fā)表的一篇學(xué)術(shù)文章，尚不清楚 耶魯這個名字是否被寫入?yún)f(xié)議。

15. The question comes down to what the meaning of the words YALE COLLEGE is. Was Yale simply to be the name of a new college hall, already under construction, or of the new Collegiate School as a whole? write Basie Bales Gitlin and Jay Gitlin, in an article called Your Valuable Name: Elihu Yales America and Americas Elihu Yale.

問題歸結(jié)為耶魯大學(xué)這個詞是什么意思。Basie Bales Gitlin和Jay Gitlin在一篇名為《你那價值連城的名字：伊利胡耶魯?shù)拿绹兔绹囊晾敗返奈恼轮袑懙溃攦H僅是一個正在建造的新大學(xué)禮堂的名字，還是大學(xué)學(xué)院的新名字？

16. The governor of the colony and the colonys council decided in December 1718 to name the whole school Yale, according to the article. But the authors point out that school officials at the time were still hoping to get more out of Elihu. A verbal promise to make a substantial yearly bequest from his estate turned to nothing after he died, and even a one-time bequest of 500 pounds in his will vanished after the will was contested.

根據(jù)這篇文章，1718年12月，殖民地統(tǒng)治者和殖民地委員會決定將整個學(xué)校命名為耶魯。但作者指出，當時學(xué)校官員仍希望從伊利胡身上得到更多資助。在他死后，每年從他遺產(chǎn)中分一筆錢給耶魯?shù)目陬^承諾也隨之作廢，甚至在他的遺囑遭到質(zhì)疑之后，那筆500英鎊的一次性捐款也沒能給到耶魯。

17. Critics of Elihu, attracted by a recent Twitter handle that is gaining attention called @CancelYale, are not focusing on such historical niceties, but opting instead for more direct comparisons.

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