新托福閱讀有幾道題
2024-04-06 13:25:22 來源:中國教育在線
新托福閱讀有幾道題,很多同學(xué)對于這個(gè)問題有疑問和不解,那么下面就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。
新 托福 閱讀有幾道題
托福閱讀題型大致有如下這么十種:
細(xì)節(jié)題 Factual Information questions (3 to 6 questions per set )
占比很大,考主要考查的是提取關(guān)鍵詞和在文章中定位有用解題信息的能力,一般就是純粹的事實(shí)層面上的問題。
排除題 Negative Factual Information questions (0 to 2 questions per set )
一般題干中會(huì)出現(xiàn)大寫的單詞 EXCEPT、NOT、LESS,我們要在大腦中對于四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容和原文進(jìn)行四次匹配,完成一道這樣的題目。
推斷題 Inference questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set )
推斷題最關(guān)鍵的本質(zhì)就是作者強(qiáng)烈暗示,但是不明說,最??嫉木褪欠穸P(guān)系和比較關(guān)系的推斷。如,或者說“在1815年后,工匠們制作工藝品追求速度勝過看重質(zhì)量”,關(guān)鍵就是要暗示你在1815年前,工匠們更加看重工藝品的質(zhì)量。要求能夠讀懂文章并且分析清楚文章內(nèi)容邏輯關(guān)系。
修辭目的題 Rhetorical Purpose questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set )
修辭目的題和推斷題都是上升到主觀層面上對作者意圖進(jìn)行考查的題目,常見如舉例說明。這種題目要求考生理解全文結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是段落內(nèi)部以及段落與段落之間的關(guān)系。
詞匯題 Vocabulary questions ( 3 to 5 questions per set )
熟悉托福單詞,掌握常見釋義,做題的時(shí)候要結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容,選擇在上下文語境中合適的釋義。
指代題 Reference questions ( 0 to 2 questions per set )
常見指示代詞的指代,想要做對這樣的題目,要徹底讀懂文章,熟悉上下文內(nèi)容。
簡化句子題 Sentence Simplification questions ( 0 to 1 questions per set )
把長難句進(jìn)行同義改寫和簡化,保留主要信息和重要邏輯關(guān)系,尤其是句子主干的判斷,做好這些就可以輕松應(yīng)對句子簡化題了。
插入句子題 Insert Text questions ( 0 to 1 questions per set )
主要考查的就是句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系,有時(shí)候碰到跨段落的插入句子題就需要再多考慮一些段落和段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系。讀懂文章內(nèi)容,分析清楚邏輯關(guān)系。
文章內(nèi)容小結(jié)題 Prose Summary;
完成圖表題 Fill in a Table
以上兩種題型比較類似,它們都是宏觀題,解題時(shí)候要聯(lián)系全文主旨的題型。它們在考試中固定的出現(xiàn)在最后一道題的位置,只不過圖表題比文章內(nèi)容小結(jié)題多了分類的內(nèi)容。想要做對這樣的題目,需要掌握全文主要內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu),注意細(xì)節(jié)的判斷。小細(xì)節(jié)即便是正確的也不能選,需要選擇重要的大細(xì)節(jié)。當(dāng)然最重要的是能力的提高。
托福閱讀真題練習(xí)
托福閱讀文本:
The observation of the skies has played a special part in the lives and cultures of peoples since the earliest of times. Evidence obtained from a site known as the Hole in the Rock, in Papago Park in Phoenix, Arizona, indicates that it might have been used as an observatory by a prehistoric people known as the Hohokam.
The physical attributes of the site allow its use as a natural calendar/clock. The "hole" at Hole in the Rock is formed by two large overhanging rocks coming together at a point, creating a shelter with an opening large enough for several persons to pass through. The northeast-facing overhang has a smaller opening in its roof. It is this smaller hole that produces the attributes that may have been used as a calendar/clock.
Because of its location in the shelter's roof, a beam of sunlight can pass through this second hole and cast a spot onto the shelter's wall and floor. This spot of light travels from west to east as the sun moves across the sky. It also moves from north to south and back again as the Earth travels around the Sun, the west-to-east movement could have been used to establish a daily clock, much like a sundial, while the north-to-south movement could have been used to establish a seasonal calendar.
The spot first appears and starts down the surface of the wall of the shelter at different times of the morning depending on the time of the year. The spot grows in size from its first appearance until its maximum size is achieved roughly at midday. It then continues its downward movement until it reaches a point where it jumps to the floor of the shelter. As the Sun continues to move to the west, the spot continues to move across the shelter floor and down the butte, or hill, toward a group of small boulders. If a person is seated on a certain one of these rocks as the spot reaches it, the Sun can be viewed through the calendar hole. This occurs at different times in the afternoon depending on the time of year.
托福閱讀題目:
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) observations of the stars by ancient people
(B) rock formations of Arizona
(C) a site used by ancient people to measure time
(D) the movement of the earth around the Sun
2. The word "obtained" in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) acquired
(B) transported
(C) covered
(D) removed
3. The word "attributes" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) changes
(B) characteristics
(C) locations
(D) dimensions
4. The word "its" in line 10 refers to
(A) roof
(B) beam
(C) hole
(D) spot
5. The word "establish" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) create
(B) locate
(C) consult
(D) choose
6. Which of the following is NOT true of the spot of light?
(A) It is caused by sunlight passing through a hole.
(B) It travels across the roof of the shelter.
(C) Its movement is affected by the position of the Sun.
(D) It movement could have been used to estimate the time of day.
7. From which of the following can be the time of year be determined?
(A) The movement of the spot of light from west to east
(B) The speed with which the spot of light moves
(C) The movement of the spot of light from north to south
(D) The size of the sport of light at midday
8. The word "roughly" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) finally
(B) harshly
(C) uneasily
(D) approximately
9. The passage mentions that the Hole in the Rock was used as all of the following EXCEPT
(A) a calendar
(B) a home
(C) a clock
(D) an observatory
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?
(A) The boulders are located below the rock shelter.
(B) The person seated on the rock cannot see the shelter.
(C)After it passes the boulders, the spot of light disappears.
(D) The spot of light is largest when it first appears.
托福閱讀答案:
CABCA BCDBA
托福閱讀基礎(chǔ)備考方向解析
托福閱讀考試中,長閱讀是很多同學(xué)最不喜歡的部分,文章內(nèi)容量多,閱讀難度大,是影響很多考生閱讀成績的因素。因此大家在前期的復(fù)習(xí)中,一定要做好基本功,扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ),才能夠更好地提升閱讀分?jǐn)?shù)。
第一點(diǎn),詞匯基礎(chǔ)要扎實(shí)。
新托福閱讀有一個(gè)很大的特色就是有專門考察單詞的題型,也就是詞匯題。從文章中抽出一個(gè)單詞,給四個(gè)選項(xiàng),讓考生選擇與這個(gè)單詞詞義最接近最符合的。這些詞匯是沒有一個(gè)大綱讓考生去背的,只有靠考生平時(shí)自己大量的詞匯積累,尤其是一些學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)科的詞匯。
例如關(guān)于宇宙內(nèi)容的幾大行星的名字,形成恒星的物質(zhì)是什么,地球內(nèi)部構(gòu)造的詞匯等等。而且詞匯題所占的比例還非常之高,一篇閱讀文章13道題目中可能有3-5題是詞匯題。所以如果決定了要參加IBT考試,就一定要大量地去背單詞,按話題或按學(xué)科背都要比從A背到Z要有效的多。
第二點(diǎn),基本語法知識要了解。
新托福閱讀考試是一項(xiàng)比較全面的考察學(xué)生英語能力的內(nèi)容,所以從詞匯開始,一直到句子已經(jīng)篇章都有對應(yīng)的考題類型去考察。但是要理解句子的含義,光是詞匯認(rèn)識也不一定能完全搞清楚,有的時(shí)候需要通過語法知識去分析。這種語法在很多題型中有所體現(xiàn)。例如指代題,要分析代詞所指的先行詞是哪個(gè),有時(shí)就要通過句子主謂賓成分的分析才能找到。
第三點(diǎn),邏輯關(guān)系詞要牢記在心。
英語句子的理解很多時(shí)候是要去理解其邏輯關(guān)系的,常見的邏輯關(guān)系有并列(and, as well),比較(than, as….as),因果(because, so, therefore, thus, result from),遞進(jìn)(also, furthermore),轉(zhuǎn)折(but, however, yet)等等。句子內(nèi)有這些邏輯關(guān)系,句子和句子之間也有這些邏輯關(guān)系,這樣才能理清整篇文章的脈絡(luò),去完成例如句子簡化,插入句子這類題型。
第四點(diǎn),快速閱讀能力要加強(qiáng)。
新托福閱讀考試每篇的時(shí)間是規(guī)定為20分鐘,除了看長篇的文章外,還有11或13道題目的內(nèi)容,所以時(shí)間是非常緊張的,因此在閱讀的時(shí)候速度就很關(guān)鍵。小編提醒考生要改掉一些閱讀的壞習(xí)慣,例如逐字閱讀,出聲閱讀,或者指著閱讀等,這樣的習(xí)慣只會(huì)拖慢閱讀的速度。所以快速閱讀能力在考試中是非常重要的,讀的時(shí)候要以意群來看。
第五點(diǎn),注重歸納的能力培養(yǎng)。
新托福閱讀的最后一大題都是以全文意思的歸納為基礎(chǔ)才能完成的,尤其是summary,考察的就是考生對文章的整體把握。因此考生在平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候一定要注意對文章段落的歸納,能夠在較短的時(shí)間內(nèi)把文章段落的中心大意讀出來,然后進(jìn)行總結(jié),最后選擇出最能代表文章中心含義的內(nèi)容。如果能在平時(shí)就注重歸納能力的培養(yǎng),那么考試的時(shí)候就不用害怕summary這種歸納概括性的題型了。
新托福閱讀真題分享
托福閱讀復(fù)習(xí)中,大家可以多參考往期的考試真題回憶,這有利于我們更好地掌握一些相關(guān)文章的背景知識,對于接下來的考試也是有很大的幫助的。為大家整理了最新的9月2日的托福閱讀考試題目,供大家參考。
托福閱讀考試日期:
2018年9月2日
新托福閱讀題目回憶:
Animal communication
動(dòng)物交流會(huì)泄漏自己的位置給predator,但是也會(huì)有很多好處:比如蜜蜂會(huì)跳舞來交流food location (第一題是個(gè)句子簡化題);可以幫助提高蜂巢里其他蜜蜂的存活率,也提高蜂后的生育率。動(dòng)物的交流不止局限于同類物種之間,有時(shí)候prey-predator之間也會(huì)有交流,比如gazelle會(huì)使用一種叫做stout 的動(dòng)作(兩個(gè)蹄子立起來)來告訴捕食的lion, 它們已經(jīng)察覺到lion了,所以這次捕獵lion很可能會(huì)失敗,這樣屬于對于雙方都有利的交流。但是有時(shí)候這種交流是有害的,比如海豚會(huì)利用聲波探知它要捕食魚群位置。一般認(rèn)為動(dòng)物之間的這種交流是要有一個(gè)sender 和一個(gè)receiver才能成立,但是有時(shí)候可能出現(xiàn)聲音交流被兩者意外的動(dòng)物聽到的情況,比如bats 利用frogs求偶的聲音來捕食獵物,這種情況還會(huì)有進(jìn)一步的進(jìn)化,比如猴子用一種自己物種能聽到但是farmer聽不到的聲音來warn each other在它們偷莊稼的時(shí)候?,F(xiàn)實(shí)的情況可能比之前的更復(fù)雜,動(dòng)物們之間會(huì)有honest signal 和dishonest signal 兩種情況。比如孔雀開屏就準(zhǔn)確的反映了雄孔雀的健康狀況,因?yàn)闆]有多余的營養(yǎng)用于偽裝,雖然這種開屏也會(huì)可能引致捕食者。dishonest signal 的情況:一般認(rèn)為蟾蜍的聲音和它們的體型是有關(guān)系的,聲音越低體型越大,實(shí)力越強(qiáng)。但是有一種特殊的蟾蜍會(huì)在爭奪領(lǐng)地的過程中故意發(fā)出比自己實(shí)際體型相配更低的聲音,讓競爭者誤以為遇到了很強(qiáng)勁的對手;另外一種情況是深海里一種魚會(huì)偽裝成另一種會(huì)發(fā)光的魚的雄性,然后利用發(fā)光吸引雌性然后把它吃掉。
以上,就是本文的全部內(nèi)容分享,希望能給同學(xué)們帶來參考,如果您還有新托福閱讀有幾道題其他方面的疑問,歡迎隨時(shí)在線咨詢客服老師。
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