SAT語法復合句常見句式
2024-04-20 09:27:16 來源：中國教育在線
隨著人們經(jīng)濟水平的提高，對于很多家庭來說，留學不再是一個可望而不可及的事情，許多人都想要留學，那其中SAT語法復合句常見句式？針對這個問題，下面中國教育在線小編就來和大家分享一下。
SAT語法復合句常見句式
1. 一個句子必須具備一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，無論是簡單句還是復合句，所以大家在分析SAT語法考試中的復合句的時候，可以首先抓住的就是他的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。
我們用這條原則來判斷一段文字是否是完整的句子，或僅僅是一個片段。對這條原則的一般應(yīng)用為：我們判斷試題中是不是具備謂語動詞即可。這條原則在SAT語法解題中大有用武之地，考生應(yīng)認真掌握。
E.G. Directed by George Wolfe, the Broadway musical Bring in Da Noise, Bring in Da Funk telling how tap dancing evolved from the African American experience in the decades following the Civil War. No error
這道題需將telling改為謂語動詞形式，否則整個句子沒有動詞。
2. 逗號原則。
逗號原則是指逗號不能用來連接兩個句子，它只起語氣停頓的作用?？忌衫眠@條原則迅速對考題做出判斷，找到問題所在。有三種方法解決逗號引導句子的問題：用分號;用連詞;把其中一個句子變成非限定結(jié)構(gòu)。
E.G. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section, my brother reads the comics first.
C. Before reading the front page of the newspaper, my sister reads the sports section; my brother reads the comics first.
SAT考試態(tài)度詞匯有哪些
1. 一詞多義，要靠語境來確定詞匯的準確含義。
例：新SAT OG 1 閱讀部分第6題，文中與之相關(guān)的內(nèi)容比較多，最重要的一段是小說中作家刻畫了女婿首次親自登門求婚，對未來丈母娘的態(tài)度。
文中態(tài)度詞deferential和題中deference是同根詞。
如果對這兩個缺少深入細致的理解而望文生義的話，就可能產(chǎn)生下列推斷：
文章中女婿Akira對未來丈母娘Chie的態(tài)度是deferential;但是題中D答案包括"not utter deference，貌似與原文不符，因此首先排除了這個答案。
其實deferential的denotation(字典意義)是“showing respect for authority(心懷敬意的)。作者在文中用的就是這個意思。
然而在題目中在deference的前面加上一個修飾語utter，結(jié)合前文的respect，deference就產(chǎn)生了一個connotation(語境意義)---“yielding to the wishes of another”(屈服的)。
因此，“respect but not utter deference”的意思就是“尊敬但不完全屈從”，符合題意。
2.SAT中出現(xiàn)的這類詞匯不少：
apprehensive(焦慮的VS思維敏捷的)，hedge(灌木籬笆VS迂回回答)，dog(狗VS跟隨)，arch(拱門VS主要的)，flush不通，要拋棄母語詞匯對理解的阻礙。
中文詞匯和英語詞匯之間，表意并非一一對應(yīng)的。許多的態(tài)度詞匯翻譯成漢語的時候，漢語意義跟原本的意義之間有很大的分歧。這種現(xiàn)象經(jīng)常引起理解上的困惑。
譬如說，condescend(condescension，condescending)這個詞的denotation(字典意義)是中文意思的解釋讓人云里霧里。而在SAT中，這個詞就經(jīng)?？嫉健?/p>
如，2017年12月份北美真題閱讀第35題，文中與之對應(yīng)的一句話是，“They(women) were taught to pity the neurotic, unfeminine, unhappy women who wanted to be poets or physicists or presidents.”文中pity當動詞講，意思是“覺得可憐”。從這種解釋中，我們很難把condescension跟文中的pity聯(lián)系起來。因而很容易錯過正確答案D。
這種中英文意義錯位或者不對等的態(tài)度詞匯在SAT(甚至在ACT)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)：
demonstrative，affected，deprecatory，patronizing， intrusive，nonchalant， predictable， pedestrian，speculative， spontaneous， wrenching，volatile, preemptive ......
3. 形似意異，要靠細心。
這部分不講了，直接例子(不是Peter老師懶，而是真不值得一講)：
canvas/canvass, ascetic/aesthetic, complacent/complaisant, demure/demur, deprecate/depreciate, discreet/discrete, gorilla/guerrilla, perspicacious/perspicuous, ......
SAT語法邏輯主語常見形式
SAT語法中，邏輯主語問題的常見形式有下列幾種：
1. 句子以現(xiàn)在分詞開始
例如，
Lacking good instruction， my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous. ( 句子以現(xiàn)在分詞lacking開始)
(A) my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous
(B) I made numerous mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends
(C) there were numerous mistakes in the graph I created to illustrate historical trends
(D) I created a graph to illustrate historical trends with numerous mistakes
(E) The graph I made for illustrating historical trends had numerous mistakes
2. 句子以過去分詞開始
例如，
Carried by the strong， dry winds of the stratosphere， the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (句子以過去分詞carried開始)
(A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that
(B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that
(C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens
(D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that
(E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it
3. 句子以介詞加動名詞開始
例如，By simply entering an internet website or calling a toll-free number， a catalog order can be placedfor almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers. (句子以介詞by加動名詞entering…or calling…開始)
(A) a catalog order can be placed
(B) by placing a catalog order
(C) they will place your catalog order
(D) you can place a catalog order
(E) your catalog order can be placed
4. 句子以連詞加分詞或形容詞開始
例如，While driving down the road， the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention. (句子以連詞while加分詞driving down…開始)
(A) the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention
(B) the house having the large yard and a small pond attracted the attention of the family
(C) the house with the yard and small pond was attractive to the family’s attention
(D) the family’s attention was attracted by the house with the large yard and small pond
(E) the family was attracted to the house with the large yard and small pond
SAT語法邏輯主語修改方法
從SAT語法上而言，如果句子開始是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，那么它的邏輯主語必須是整個句子的主語。在修改句子題中，卻往往相反，即句子的主語不是分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語。修改的方法是“一步必殺”法：將句子的主語替換為分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(一般藏在句子中)。正確答案通常就是以分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語為句子主語的選項。根據(jù)“一步必殺”法，上述句子修改如下。
1. Lacking good instruction， my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous.
(A) my mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends were numerous
(B) I made numerous mistakes in creating a graph to illustrate historical trends
(C) there were numerous mistakes in the graph I created to illustrate historical trends
(D) I created a graph to illustrate historical trends with numerous mistakes
(E) The graph I made for illustrating historical trends had numerous mistakes
現(xiàn)在分詞lacking的邏輯主語，即整個句子的主語應(yīng)該是“I”，而實際上卻是“my mistakes”。修改時只需要將句子的主語改為“I”就可以了。符合這個要求的有(B)與(D)兩個選項，其中(D)選項將numerous mistakes放錯了位置，使得整個句子意思荒謬。因此(B)為正確答案。這也告訴考生，正確答案只要改正原句的主要錯誤就可以了，而無須做太多額外的修改，因為與原句相比，這么做將使改后的句子變得面目全非。大家還是需要了解清楚SAT語法考點都有哪些，其中SAT語法講解的內(nèi)容還是有參考價值的。
2. Carried by the strong， dry winds of the stratosphere， the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that crossed the United States in three days and circled the globe in two weeks. (句子以過去分詞carried開始)
(A) the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens caused dust that
(B) Mount Saint Helens’ eruption in 1980 caused dust that
(C) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens
(D) dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens that
(E) there was dust from the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens and it
過去分詞carried的邏輯主語，即整個句子的主語應(yīng)該是“dust”(dust 被winds吹走)，而實際上卻是“eruption”。修改時只需要將句子的主語改為“dust”就可以了。符合這個要求的有(C)與(D)兩個選項，其中(D)選項保留了原句的that，使得that之后的crossed成了that引導的從句的謂語，也使得整個句子沒有謂語，因此(D)為干擾選項， (C)為正確答案。
3. By simply entering an internet website or calling a toll-free number， a catalog order can be placed for almost anything from cheesecakes to fully equipped desktop computers. (句子以介詞by加動名詞entering…or calling…開始)
(A) a catalog order can be placed
(B) by placing a catalog order
(C) they will place your catalog order
(D) you can place a catalog order
(E) your catalog order can be placed
介詞by之后的動名詞entering與calling的邏輯主語，即整個句子的主語應(yīng)該是人，例如you、one等，而實際上卻是“a catalog order”。修改時只需要將句子的主語改為人就可以了。符合這個要求的有(C)與(D)兩個選項，其中(C)選項存在代詞混用的情況(they與your無法協(xié)調(diào)) ，因此(C)為干擾選項， (D)為正確答案。
4. While driving down the road， the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention. (句子以連詞while加分詞driving down…開始)
(A) the house with the large yard and small pond attracted the family’s attention
(B) the house having the large yard and a small pond attracted the attention of the family
(C) the house with the yard and small pond was attractive to the family’s attention
(D) the family’s attention was attracted by the house with the large yard and small pond
(E) the family was attracted to the house with the large yard and small pond
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