托福閱讀的表格題
2024-04-21 17:08:25 來源：中國教育在線
托福閱讀的表格題，很多同學(xué)對于這個(gè)問題有疑問和不解，那么下面就跟著中國教育在線的小編詳細(xì)了解一下吧。
托福 閱讀的表格題
托福閱讀中的題型種類也是最多的，這就要求同學(xué)們在平時(shí)對這些題型要了解清楚。不同的題型，有不同的特點(diǎn)，也有不同的解題技巧。今天整理的是有關(guān)表格題的解題技巧。
一、表格題分為兩大類：總結(jié)表格題和對比表格題。
1、總結(jié)表格題
相對而言， 總結(jié)表格題的出現(xiàn)頻率要高于對比表格題，這是由它們自身特點(diǎn)，出題方式和原文是否具備對比對照關(guān)系這三方面的因素決定的。
2、題的出題模式有兩種：
一種是針對全文內(nèi)容出題，答案由全文的主題，細(xì)節(jié)和重點(diǎn)支持段落的概述三部分組成。另外一種是針對文章中的重點(diǎn)支持性段落出題，答案由這些重點(diǎn)支持性段落主題，段落結(jié)論，以及重點(diǎn)支持性例子的概述三部分組成。這里我們重點(diǎn)看第一種出題模式。
我們來看一個(gè)例子，
The Atlantic Cod Fishery
Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the cold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.
Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.
By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants.
Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself and thought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to show signs of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands were unemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreement decided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base for Newfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into one conglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commanding excellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number of fishers and fish—processing plant workers.
However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found their catches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banks to groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bid to let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of the Atlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotas were placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, and around 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.
Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking on the backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signs of imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing. Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and other species, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fish populations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocks started rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one can predict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks. ]
An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points
The Atlantic cod fishery has shaped Newfoundland’s economy for centuries.
如何解答表格題
在托福閱讀的題目中， 總結(jié)表格題的出現(xiàn)頻率要高于對比表格題。這是由它們自身特點(diǎn)，出題方式和原文是否具備對比對照關(guān)系這三方面的因素決定的。
總結(jié)表格題的出題模式有兩種：一種是針對全文內(nèi)容出題，答案由全文的主題，細(xì)節(jié)和重點(diǎn)支持段落的概述三部分組成。另外一種是針對文章中的重點(diǎn)支持性段落出題，答案由這些重點(diǎn)支持性段落主題，段落結(jié)論，以及重點(diǎn)支持性例子的概述三部分組成。
以下請參照一個(gè)總結(jié)表格題的范例：
The Atlantic Cod Fishery
Off the northeastern shore of North America， from the island of Newfoundland in Canadasouth to new England in the United States， there is a series of shallow areas called banks.Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks， huge shoals on theedge of North American continental shelf， where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet thecold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other， they stir up mineral fromthe ocean floor， providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill， whichfeed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill.Groundfish， such as the Atlantic cod， live in the ocean’s bottom layer， congregating in theshallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has producedcod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.
Beginning in the eleventh century， boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived tofish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries， the entire Newfoundland economy takingfish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight inthe fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creatureworth talking about was cod， and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous withcod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.
By the nineteenth century， the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchantsbased in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working outof more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return， the merchants provided fishingequipment， clothing， and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin， rocky soil.This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on themerchants.
Until the twentieth century， fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself andthought that overfishing was impossible. However， Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to showsigns of trouble during the 1930s， when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands wereunemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreementdecided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base forNewfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into oneconglomerate. By the 1980s， the conglomerate was prospering， and cod were commandingexcellent prices in the market. Consequently， there was a significant increase in the number offishers and fish—processing plant workers.
However， while the offshore fishery was prospering， the inshore fishermen found theircatches dropping off. In 1992， the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banksto groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bidto let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994， when all of theAtlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed， except for one in Nova Scotia， and strict quotaswere placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed， andaround 40，000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.
Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking onthe backs of the teeming fish. Today， cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signsof imminent recovery， even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing.Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals， which prey on cod and otherspecies， but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fishpopulations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocksstarted rebuilding in Norway， raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still， no one canpredict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks.
托福閱讀事實(shí)信息無定位詞題
所謂無定位詞的題目，即為題干中出現(xiàn)的信息即為整個(gè)段落所描述的信息或是定位詞即為段落主題。對于這種題目，無法精確定位到原文中的某一處具體信息，因此需要考生具備很強(qiáng)的信息篩選能力。在考試過程時(shí)間緊張的情況下，我們建議采取的策略是用選項(xiàng)來定位以迅速確定每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的正確性。
例題2：
Paragraph 6: Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated (unsolidified) sediments or in the openings widened through fracturesand weathering. The water-saturated rock or sediment is known as an "aquifer". Because they are porous, sedimentary rocks, such as sandstones and conglomerates, are important potential sources of groundwater. Large quantities of water may also be stored in limestones when joints and cracks have been enlarged to form cavities. Most limestone and sandstone aquifers are deep and extensive but may contain groundwaters that are not being recharged. Most shallow aquifers in sand and gravel deposits produce lower yields, but they can be rapidly recharged. Some deep aquifers are known as fossil waters. The term "fossil" describes water that has been present for several thousand years. These aquifers became saturated more than 10,000 years ago and are no longer being recharged. (TPO 12 – Passage 3)
8. According to paragraph 6, which of the following statements about aquifers in deserts is true?
○ Water from limestone and sandstone aquifers is generally better to drink than water from sand and gravel aquifers
○ Sand and gravel aquifers tend to contain less groundwater than limestone or sandstone aquifers
○ Groundwater in deep aquifers is more likely to be recharged than groundwater in shallow aquifers
○ Sedimentary rocks, because they are porous, are not capable of storing large amounts of groundwater
解析：閱讀題干定位詞則為aquifers in deserts, 但是瀏覽段落發(fā)現(xiàn)本段從第二句開始就一直在介紹aquifer, 如果選擇直接定位的話，則需要閱讀的篇幅較長，并且讀完段落再去看選項(xiàng)很容易遺忘信息導(dǎo)致浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，因此我們選擇從選項(xiàng)入手，利用選項(xiàng)中的信息定位到原文從而判斷每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的真?zhèn)巍?/p>
托福閱讀高分備考的2個(gè)方法
托福閱讀想要拿到高分，其實(shí)也不是一件容易的事情。那么在備考的過程中，大家就要多掌握一些高分必備的方法。今天我們?yōu)榇蠹曳窒砹?個(gè)提分的備考方法，供大家參考。
一、熟練把握托福閱讀大局
良多考生在經(jīng)由一段時(shí)刻的進(jìn)修后，發(fā)現(xiàn)托福語法并不難，每次做錯(cuò)題后一對謎底發(fā)現(xiàn)問題問題現(xiàn)實(shí)很簡單，總有一種恍然年夜悟的感受，可是若干天往后又會再一次恍然年夜悟，走進(jìn)一個(gè)一而再、再而三犯同樣錯(cuò)誤的怪圈。原因是什么呢?
事理很簡單：首先，考生對于常識點(diǎn)必定是懂的，否則在對謎底后就不會恍然年夜悟;其次，考生在做題時(shí)對考點(diǎn)涉及的?？荚~不敏感，視若無睹，根柢想不起來。所以考哨兵需諳練把握?？荚~匯，完美常識點(diǎn)。
二、找到自己的常識弱點(diǎn)
考生若何知道自己的常識盲點(diǎn)呢?最簡單也是最根柢的體例就是做全真題。小編強(qiáng)烈建議考生籌備一個(gè)錯(cuò)題本，將自己每次托福閱讀備考做習(xí)題過程中做錯(cuò)的題全數(shù)抄到錯(cuò)題本上，然后在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)辰總結(jié)一下，看看自己輕易犯哪些錯(cuò)誤。
考生在新托福閱讀考試中應(yīng)理當(dāng)真聽好每一堂課，思慮每一道全真題，對做錯(cuò)的題具體總結(jié)和歸納，剖析錯(cuò)誤原因，避免犯不異的錯(cuò)誤，帶著足夠的耐心和細(xì)心去考試。
通過上文的內(nèi)容介紹，大家對“托福閱讀的表格題”大家是不是有了一個(gè)大致的了解呢？如果大家還想了解更詳細(xì)、更多的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，則可以繼續(xù)關(guān)注本頻道，也可以向本頻道咨詢。
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