劍橋雅思14 Test1 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯

劍橋雅思14 Test1 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯， 今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個(gè)問題。

The Importance of Children’s Play

孩子玩耍的重要性

劍橋雅思14 Test1 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯

第1段

Brick by brick,six-year-old Alice is building a magical kingdom.Imagining fairy-tale turrets and fire-breathing dragons,wicked witches and gallant heroes,she’s creating an enchanting world.Although she isn’t aware of it,this fantasy is helping her take her first steps towards her capacity for creativity and so it will have important repercussions in her adult life.

一塊積木又一塊積木，六歲的Alice正在建造一個(gè)魔法王國。想象著童話故事中的塔樓和會(huì)噴火的巨龍，邪惡的巫師和勇敢的英雄。她正創(chuàng)建一個(gè)魅力十足的世界。雖然她自己并沒有意識(shí)到，但這種幻想正幫助她向著創(chuàng)造力邁出最初的幾步，從而對她成年之后的生活產(chǎn)生重要影響。

第2段

Minutes later,Alice has abandoned the kingdom in favour of playing schools with her younger brother.When she bosses him around as his‘teacher’,she’s practising how to regulate her emotions through pretence.Later on,when they tire of this and settle down with a board game,she’s learning about the need to follow rules and take turns with a partner.

幾分鐘后，Alice放棄了她的王國，開始跟她的弟弟玩假裝上學(xué)的游戲。當(dāng)她扮演老師，指揮她的弟弟團(tuán)團(tuán)轉(zhuǎn)的時(shí)候，她在通過這種行為鍛煉如何管理她的情緒。隨后，他們玩膩了角色扮演，開始坐下來玩桌游。這時(shí)候，她在了解遵守規(guī)則以及與同伴輪流出手的需要。

第3段

‘Play in all its rich variety is one of the highest achievements of the human species,’says Dr David Whitebread from the Faculty of Education at the University of Cambridge,UK.‘It underpins how we develop as intellectual,problem-solving adults and is crucial to our success as a highly adaptable species.’

“形式極其豐富的游戲是人類最偉大的成就之一”，英國劍橋大學(xué)教育學(xué)院的David Whitebread博士說。“它為我們成長為有智慧，具備問題解決能力的成年人奠定基礎(chǔ)，也對我們作為一個(gè)具備高度適應(yīng)能力的物種的成功至關(guān)重要”。

第4段

Recognising the importance of play is not new:over two millennia ago,the Greek philosopher Plato extolled its virtues as a means of developing skills for adult life,and ideas about play-based learning have been developing since the 19th century.

認(rèn)識(shí)到游戲的重要性并不是什么新鮮事：兩千多年前，希臘哲學(xué)家文章來自 雅思柏拉圖就贊美它的好處，認(rèn)為它是為成年生活開發(fā)各項(xiàng)技能的手段。而寓教于樂的觀念從19世紀(jì)就開始出現(xiàn)。

第5段

But we live in changing times,and Whitebread is mindful of a worldwide decline in play,pointing out that over half the people in the world now live in cities.‘The opportunities for free play,which I experienced almost every day of my childhood,are becoming increasingly scarce,’he says.Outdoor play is curtailed by perceptions of risk to do with traffic,as well as parents’increased wish to protect their children from being the victims of crime,and by the emphasis on‘earlier is better’which is leading to greater competition in academic learning and schools.

但我們生活在充滿變化的時(shí)代。Whitebread注意到世界范圍內(nèi)游戲重要性的下降，指出世界上有超過一半的人口如今生活在城市之中?！白杂赏嫠５臋C(jī)會(huì)正變得越來越稀少，而我的童年則幾乎每天都可以體驗(yàn)”，他說。戶外嬉戲由于以下原因受到抑制：人們對交通風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的擔(dān)憂，父母逐漸攀升、保護(hù)孩子不受犯罪侵害的希望，以及對越早越好觀念的強(qiáng)調(diào)（這導(dǎo)致學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)校中出現(xiàn)更為激烈的競爭）。

第6段

International bodies like the United Nations and the European Union have begun to develop policies concerned with children’s right to play,and to consider implications for leisure facilities and educational programmes.But what they often lack is the evidence to base policies on.

聯(lián)合國與歐盟等國際機(jī)構(gòu)已經(jīng)開始著手制定一些關(guān)注兒童游戲權(quán)利的政策，并且考慮這對休閑設(shè)施和教育項(xiàng)目的影響。但他們所欠缺的是制定政策的依據(jù)。

第7段

‘The type of play we are interested in is child-initiated,spontaneous and unpredictable–but,as soon as you ask a five-year-old“to play”,then you as the researcher have intervened,’explains Dr Sara Baker.‘And we want to know what the long-term impact of play is.It’s a real challenge.’

“我們感興趣的游戲類型是兒童自己創(chuàng)造的、自發(fā)進(jìn)行的和不可預(yù)測的-但是，只要你讓一個(gè)5歲的孩子玩耍，那么你作為研究人員就已經(jīng)介入其中”，Sara Baker博士解釋道?！拔覀兿胍私獾氖峭嫠５拈L期影響。這才是真正的挑戰(zhàn)”。

第8段

Dr Jenny Gibson agrees,pointing out that although some of the steps in the puzzle of how and why play is important have been looked at,there is very little data on the impact it has on the child’s later life.

Jenny Gibson博士同意以上觀點(diǎn)并指出，雖然在游戲有多么重要重要、以及為什么如此重要的這個(gè)謎題中，有一些階段已經(jīng)得到了研究，但在它對孩子日后生活的影響上，數(shù)據(jù)仍然十分稀少。

第9段

Now,thanks to the university’s new Centre for Research on Play in Education,Development and Learning(PEDAL),Whitebread,Baker,Gibson and a team of researchers hope to provide evidence on the role played by play in how a child develops.

現(xiàn)在，由于這所大學(xué)新成立了“教育發(fā)展學(xué)習(xí)型游戲研究中心，Whitebread,Baker,Gibson這些人和一支研究團(tuán)隊(duì)希望能夠?yàn)橛螒蛟趦和l(fā)展過程中所扮演的角色提供相關(guān)證據(jù)。

第10段

‘A strong possibility is that play supports the early development of children’s self-control,’explains Baker.‘This is our ability to develop awareness of our own thinking processes—it influences how effectively we go about undertaking challenging activities.’

“很有可能，游戲推動(dòng)了兒童自我控制能力的早期發(fā)展”，Baker解釋道?！斑@種能力使我們意識(shí)到自身的思考過程–它影響著我們從事有挑戰(zhàn)活動(dòng)的效果”。

第11段

In a study carried out by Baker with toddlers and young pre-schoolers,she found that children with greater self-control solved problems more quickly when exploring an unfamiliar set-up requiring scientific reasoning.‘This sort of evidence makes us think that giving children the chance to play will make them more successful problem-solvers in the long run.’

Baker在一項(xiàng)針對幼兒和學(xué)齡前兒童的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)，具有更強(qiáng)自控能力的兒童在探索需要科學(xué)分析的陌生領(lǐng)域時(shí)，能夠更加快速的解決問題?！按祟愖C據(jù)讓我們認(rèn)為，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，給予兒童玩耍的機(jī)會(huì)會(huì)讓他們成為更加成功的問題解決者”。

第12段

If playful experiences do facilitate this aspect of development,say the researchers,it could be extremely significant for educational practices,because the ability to self-regulate has been shown to be a key predictor of academic performance.

研究者們認(rèn)為，如果玩耍經(jīng)歷確實(shí)能夠促進(jìn)這方面的發(fā)展，那么它對于教育實(shí)踐就至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)橐延凶C據(jù)證明，自控能力是學(xué)習(xí)成績好壞的關(guān)鍵因素。

第13段

Gibson adds:‘Playful behaviour is also an important indicator of healthy social and emotional development.In my previous research,I investigated how observing children at play can give us important clues about their well-being and can even be useful in the diagnosis of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.’

Gibson補(bǔ)充到：“玩耍行為也是社交和情感能力正常發(fā)展的重要指示。在之前的研究中，我曾調(diào)查過，觀察玩耍中的兒童可以為我們提供他們健康狀況的重要線索，甚至對診斷諸如自閉癥這樣的神經(jīng)發(fā)展紊亂有所幫助”。

第14段

Whitebread’s recent research has involved developing a play-based approach to supporting children’s writing.‘Many primary school children find writing difficult,but we showed in a previous study that a playful stimulus was far more effective than an instructional one.’Children wrote longer and better-structured stories when they first played with dolls representing characters in the story.In the latest study,children first created their story with Lego*,with similar results.‘Many teachers commented that they had always previously had children saying they didn’t know what to write about.With the Lego building,however,not a single child said this through the whole year of the project.’

Whitebread最近的研究包括開發(fā)一種基于玩耍的方法來促進(jìn)兒童寫作能力的提升?！霸S多小學(xué)生覺得寫作很難，但我們之前的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，游戲性的刺激要比教育性的刺激有效很多”。當(dāng)孩子第一次跟代表故事中角色的玩偶玩耍時(shí)，他們就能寫出更長、結(jié)構(gòu)更好的故事來。在最新的研究中，首次利用樂高玩具創(chuàng)作故事的兒童也展現(xiàn)出相同的結(jié)果?！霸S多老師表示，他們之前總是有孩子說自己不知道該寫什么。但用了搭建樂高積木的方法之后，整整一年都沒有任何一個(gè)孩子再這么說過了”。

第15段

Whitebread,who directs PEDAL,trained as a primary school teacher in the early 1970s,when,as he describes,‘the teaching of young children was largely a quiet backwater,untroubled by any serious intellectual debate or controversy.’Now,the landscape is very different,with hotly debated topics such as school starting age.

PEDAL中心的主任Whitebread在20世紀(jì)70年代早期接受過小學(xué)教師的培訓(xùn)。他這樣描述當(dāng)時(shí)的情況：“幼兒教育如同一潭死水一般，不會(huì)受到任何嚴(yán)肅學(xué)術(shù)討論或者爭議的影響”?，F(xiàn)在的情況完全不同，出現(xiàn)了諸如上學(xué)年齡這樣備受爭論的問題。

第16段

‘Somehow the importance of play has been lost in recent decades.It’s regarded as something trivial,or even as something negative that contrasts with“work”.Let’s not lose sight of its benefits,and the fundamental contributions it makes to human achievements in the arts,sciences and technology.Let’s make sure children have a rich diet of play experiences.’

“不知為何，游戲玩耍在最近幾十年變得不再重要。它被當(dāng)成無關(guān)緊要的事情，或者與‘努力’相反的負(fù)面行為。但我們不可忽視其有益的地方。它對人類在藝術(shù)、科學(xué)和技術(shù)方面所取得的成就有著重要貢獻(xiàn)。讓我們確保孩子擁有豐富的玩耍體驗(yàn)大餐吧”。

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