Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案

Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福聽力原文翻譯及問題答案，關于這個問題中國教育在線外語平臺小編就簡單為大家說一下。

一、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福聽力原文：

NARRATOR:Listen to part of a lecture in an astronomy class.

MALE PROFESSOR:Uh,many people have been fascinated about Venus for centuries because of its thick cloud cover...the so-called"planet of mystery"and all of that.Well,what's under those clouds?What's the surface of the planet like? Uh,some questions about the surface are still unresolved,but...but we have learned a lot about it in the past several years. 

First of all,let me talk about how we've been able to get past those clouds.First there were Soviet modules that landed directly on the surface and sent back some images of what was around them.Second,we did some radar imaging from satellites from above.Radar can get through the clouds.So,what have we learned?Yes,Karen?FEMALE STUDENT:Well,I remember reading that there's not really a lot going on...that the surface of Venus is just flat and smooth in a lot of places...MALE PROFESSOR:Uh,yeah,it's smooth in a lot of places,but that's not...uh,that's not the whole picture. In other areas,you've got canyons,rift valleys,meteoric craters,uh,lava domes—these lava formations that look like giant pancakes—and also volcanoes...

well,one of the most interesting features on the surface are,in fact,the shield volcanoes.Shield volcanoes form when magma comes out of the ground in the same spot over and over again.Remember,magma is hot,molten rock that's underground and it's called lava when it reaches the surface—uh,so the lava builds up and hardens,and a volcano forms.

Now,the lava on Venus is thin.So shield volcanoes have very gentle,sloping sides. They're called shield volcanoes because viewed from above,they kind of resemble shields,you know,like a warrior's shield.

But what's particularly interesting about these volcanoes is that most of the volcanoes here on Earth are not shield volcanoes.Instead,they're other volcano types,like stratovolcanoes for example,which are a result of tectonic plate movement. Remember tectonic plates?

Underneath the Earth's crust,there are a number of shifting slabs or plates that are slowly moving. And in the zones on the edges of the plates,where different plates meet and interact,that's where we get most of Earth volcanoes.

On Venus,however,volcanoes are not clustered in discrete zones like they're on Earth.Instead,they're more or less randomly scattered over Venus'surface.Well,that's significant:Venus has mostly shield volcanoes,and they're randomly scattered—that indicates that Venus does not have moving tectonic plates,and that's a big difference compared to Earth.Here on Earth,moving tectonic plates are a major geological element...just crucial for the whole surface dynamic,right?

So why doesn't Venus have them?Well,there are a few theories—uh,one of them is that this has to do with the fact that Venus has no surface water that's needed to kinda lubricate the movement of the plates.You know,like oceans on Earth? Yeah,I forgot to spell that out,uh,Venus has no surface water...

FEMALE STUDENT:Wait a second, did you say we have shield volcanoes on Earth?Can you give an example?

MALE PROFESSOR:Sure...the volcanoes in the Hawaiian Islands,in the Pacific Ocean,are shield volcanoes; they've formed over a hot spot of magma.So while on Earth we have several types of volcanoes,on Venus,there is mostly the one type. Uh,Eric?

FEMALE STUDENT:Uh,are the volcanoes on Venus still active?MALE PROFESSOR:Well,that's an interesting question.There's still some discussion on that point. But here's what we do know.First,the level of sulfur dioxide gas above Venus'clouds shows large,and uh,very frequent fluctuations. It's quite possible that these fluctuations,the huge increase and decrease of sulfur dioxide,happening again and again, it's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions because volcanic eruptions often emit gases.

If that's the case,volcanism could very well be the root cause of Venus'thick cloud cover.And also,we have observed bursts of radio energy from the planet's surface.These bursts are similar to what we see when volcanoes erupt on Earth. So this too suggests ongoing volcanic activity.But,although this is intriguing evidence,no one's actually observed a Venus volcano erupting yet,so we can't be positive.

二、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福聽力中文翻譯：

旁白：在天文學課上聽一節(jié)課的一部分。

男教授：嗯，許多人對金星著迷了幾個世紀，因為它有厚厚的云層。所謂的“神秘星球”等等。那么，那些云下面是什么？這顆行星的表面是什么樣的；呃，關于表面的一些問題仍然沒有解決，但是，但在過去的幾年里，我們學到了很多；

首先，讓我談談我們是如何越過這些云層的。首先是蘇聯(lián)的模塊，它們直接降落在水面上，并發(fā)回一些周圍的圖像。其次，我們從上面的衛(wèi)星上進行了一些雷達成像。雷達可以穿透云層。那么，我們學到了什么？是的，凱倫？女學生：嗯，我記得我讀到過一篇文章，說的其實并不是很多。金星的表面在很多地方都是平坦光滑的。男教授：嗯，是的，很多地方都很順利，但那不是。。呃，這還不是全部；在其他地區(qū)，有峽谷，裂谷，隕石坑，呃，熔巖穹窿，這些熔巖構造看起來像巨大的煎餅，還有火山...

事實上，地表最有趣的特征之一就是地盾火山。地盾火山是在同一地點巖漿不斷從地下涌出時形成的。記住，巖漿是位于地下的熾熱的熔融巖石，當它到達地表時被稱為熔巖，所以熔巖堆積并硬化，形成火山。

現(xiàn)在，金星上的熔巖很薄。所以地盾火山的側面非常平緩，傾斜；它們被稱為盾狀火山，因為從上面看，它們有點像盾牌，你知道，就像戰(zhàn)士的盾牌。

但這些火山特別有趣的是，地球上大多數(shù)火山都不是盾狀火山。相反，它們是其他類型的火山，例如層火山，是板塊運動的結果&nbsp；還記得構造板塊嗎？

在地殼下面，有許多移動的板塊或板塊正在緩慢移動；在板塊邊緣的區(qū)域，不同板塊相遇并相互作用，這就是我們看到大多數(shù)地球火山的地方。

然而，金星上的火山并不像地球上的火山那樣聚集在離散的區(qū)域。相反，它們或多或少隨機散布在金星表面。嗯，這很重要：金星主要有盾狀火山，它們隨機分散，這表明金星沒有移動的板塊，這與地球有很大的不同。在地球上，運動的板塊是一個主要的地質要素。。。這對整個曲面動力學至關重要，對嗎？

那么為什么金星沒有呢？嗯，有一些理論，呃，其中之一是，這與金星沒有地表水這一事實有關，而地表水是用來潤滑板塊運動的。就像地球上的海洋一樣&nbsp；是的，我忘了說，呃，金星沒有地表水..

女學生：等一下；你是說地球上有盾狀火山嗎？你能舉個例子嗎？

男教授：當然...太平洋夏威夷群島的火山是盾狀火山；它們是在巖漿的熱點上形成的。因此，雖然地球上有幾種類型的火山，但金星上的火山大多只有一種；呃Eric？

女學生：金星上的火山還活躍嗎？男教授：這是一個有趣的問題。關于這一點還有一些討論&nbsp；但這是我們所知道的。首先，金星云層上方的二氧化硫氣體水平顯示出巨大的，呃，非常頻繁的波動；很可能這些波動，二氧化硫的大幅增加和減少，會一次又一次地發(fā)生；這很可能是由于火山爆發(fā)，因為火山爆發(fā)通常會釋放氣體。

如果是這樣的話，火山活動很可能是金星濃密云層的根本原因。此外，我們還觀察到來自行星表面的射電能爆發(fā)。這些爆發(fā)與我們在地球上看到的火山爆發(fā)相似；所以這也表明火山活動仍在繼續(xù)。但是，盡管這是一個有趣的證據(jù)，但還沒有人真正觀察到金星火山噴發(fā)，所以我們不能肯定。

三、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福聽力問題：

Q1:1.What is the lecture mainly about?

A.Conclusions about the surface of Venus drawn from recent observations

B.The different types of volcanoes that have been found on Venus

C.Similarities between geologic processes on Venus and on other planets

D.New methods used to observe the surface of Venus

Q2:2.How were scientists able to learn new information about Venus’surface?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.More powerful telescopes allowed astronomers to see more surface details.

B.Satellites were used to get radar images of Venus'surface.

C.Space modules sent photographs after landing on Venus.

D.A space probe was able to locate gaps among Venus'clouds.

Q3:3.What differences between volcanoes on Venus and those on Earth does the professor mention?[Click on 2 answers.]

A.Volcanoes on Venus are mostly shield volcanoes.

B.Volcanoes on Venus emit thicker lava.

C.Many volcanoes on Earth are concentrated in specific zones.

D.Many volcanoes on Earth show no volcanic activity.

Q4:4.Why does the professor mention the fact that Venus has no surface water?

A.To give an example of a discovery that was unexpected

B.To illustrate the consequences of intense volcanic activity

C.To question a theory about the origin of shield volcanoes

D.To suggest an explanation for why Venus does not have moving tectonic plates

Q5:5.According to the professor,what is a possible origin of Venus’clouds?

A.Gases released as a result of volcanic activity

B.Chemical reactions caused by high surface temperatures

C.Bursts of radio energy from the plane's surface

D.Strong winds that blow dust into the atmosphere

Q6:6.What is the professor’s opinion about the theory that Venus'volcanoes are active?

A.The theory has recently been proved by direct observation.

B.At least two kinds of evidence support the theory.

C.The data collected so far about the theory are contradictory.

D.New findings have made the theory quite unlikely.

四、Shield Volcanoes on Venus托福聽力答案：

A1:正確答案：A

A2:正確答案：BC

A3:正確答案：AC

A4:正確答案：D

A5:正確答案：A

A6:正確答案：B

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