Geography劍橋雅思8聽力-原文翻譯及答案解析

一、Geography 聽力原文：

So, welcome to your introductory geography lecture.

We'll begin with some basics.

Firstly, what do we learn by studying geography?

Well, we learn a great deal about all the processes that have affected and that continue to affect the earth’s  surface.

But we learn far more than that, because studying geography also informs us about the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular  environment and the people that live there.

Okay.

We like to think of geography as having two main branches.

There's the study of the nature of our planet - its physical features, what it actually looks like - and then there's the study of the ways in which we choose to live and of the  impact of those on our planet.

Our current use of carbon fuels is a good example of that.

But there are more specific study areas to consider too, and we'll be looking at each of these in turn throughout this semester.

These include bio-physical geography, by which I mean the study of the natural environment and all its living things.

Then there's topography -that looks at the shapes of the land and oceans.

There's the study of political geography and social geography too, of course, which is the study of communities of people.

We have economic geography - in which we examine all kinds of resources and their use -agriculture, for example.

Next comes historical geography - the understanding of how people and their environments and the ways they interact have changed over a period of time - and  urban geography, an aspect I'm particularly interested in, which takes as its focus the location of dties, the services that those cities provide, and migration of people to and from such cities.

And lastly, we have cartography.

That's the art and science of mapmaking.

You'll be doing a lot of that!

So, to summarise before we continue, we now have our key answer...

studying this subject is important because without geographical knowledge, we would know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn't be able to identify all the  problems that relate to them.

So, by definition, we wouldn't be in an informed position to work out how to solve any of them.

Okay, now for some practicalities.

What do geographers actually do?

Well, we collect data to begin with!

You'll be doing a lot of that on your first field trip!

How do we do this?

There are several means.

We might, for example, conduct a census - count a population in a given area perhaps.

We also need  images of the earth's surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays.

We've come a very long way from the early exploration of the world by sailing ships when geographers only had pens and paper at their disposal.

After we've gathered our information, we must analyse it!

We need to look for patterns, most commonly those of causes and consequences.

This kind of information helps us to predict and resolve problems that could affect the world we live in.

But we don't keep all this information confidential.

We then need to publish our findings so that other people can access it and be informed by it.

And one way in which this information can be published is in the form of maps.

You'll all have used one at some stage of your life already.

Let's consider the benefits of maps from a geographer's perspective.

Maps can be folded and put in a pocket and can provide a great store of reference when they're collected into an atlas.

They can depict the physical features of the entire planet if necessary, or, just a small part of it in much greater detail.

But there is a drawback.

You can't exactly replicate something that is three-dimensional, like our planet, on a flat piece of paper, because paper has only two dimensions, and that means there'll always be a certain degree of distortion on a map.

It can't be avoided.

We can also use aerial photographs ...

pictures taken by cameras at high altitude above the earth.

These are great for showing all kinds of geographical features that are not easy to see from the ground.

You can easily illustrate areas of diseased trees or how much  traffic is on the roads at a given time or information about deep sea beds, for example.

Then there are Landsats.

These are satellites that circle the earth and transmit visual information to computers at receiving stations.

They circle the earth several times a day and can provide a mass of information - you'll all be familiar with the information they give us about the  weather, for example.

So, what we're going to do now is look at a short presentation in which you'll see all these tools…

二、Geography 聽力中文翻譯：

所以，歡迎來到你們的地理入門講座。

我們將從一些基礎(chǔ)知識開始。

首先，我們通過學(xué)習(xí)地理學(xué)到了什么？

好吧，我們了解了很多影響和繼續(xù)影響地球表面的所有過程。

但我們學(xué)到的遠(yuǎn)不止這些，因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)地理還告訴我們在特定環(huán)境和生活在那里的人之間發(fā)展的各種關(guān)系。

可以

我們喜歡認(rèn)為地理學(xué)有兩個(gè)主要分支。

研究我們星球的性質(zhì)——它的物理特征，它的實(shí)際外觀——然后研究我們選擇的生活方式以及這些方式對我們星球的影響。

我們目前使用的碳燃料就是一個(gè)很好的例子。

但也有更具體的學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域需要考慮，我們將在本學(xué)期輪流研究其中的每一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。

其中包括生物自然地理學(xué)，我指的是對自然環(huán)境及其所有生物的研究。

然后是地形，它反映了陸地和海洋的形狀。

當(dāng)然，還有政治地理學(xué)和社會(huì)地理學(xué)的研究，這是對人的社區(qū)的研究。

我們有經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)，我們在其中研究各種資源及其使用，例如農(nóng)業(yè)。

接下來是歷史地理學(xué)，即對人們及其環(huán)境和互動(dòng)方式的理解在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生了變化，以及城市地理學(xué)，這是我特別感興趣的一個(gè)方面，其重點(diǎn)是DTIE的位置、這些城市提供的服務(wù)以及人們進(jìn)出這些城市的遷移。

最后，我們還有制圖。

這就是地圖繪制的藝術(shù)和科學(xué)。

你會(huì)做很多的！

所以，在我們繼續(xù)之前總結(jié)一下，我們現(xiàn)在有了我們的關(guān)鍵答案。。。

研究這門學(xué)科很重要，因?yàn)槿绻麤]有地理知識，我們對周圍的環(huán)境知之甚少，也無法確定所有與之相關(guān)的問題。

因此，從定義上講，我們無法了解如何解決這些問題。

好了，現(xiàn)在來看看實(shí)際情況。

地理學(xué)家實(shí)際上做什么？

首先，我們收集數(shù)據(jù)！

在你的第一次實(shí)地考察中，你會(huì)做很多這樣的事情！

我們該怎么做？

有幾種方法。

例如，我們可以進(jìn)行一次人口普查——或許可以統(tǒng)計(jì)某一特定地區(qū)的人口。

我們還需要地球表面的圖像，我們可以通過計(jì)算機(jī)生成技術(shù)或借助衛(wèi)星中繼制作這些圖像。

我們已經(jīng)從早期的帆船探索世界走了很長的路，那時(shí)地理學(xué)家只有紙和筆可以使用。

在我們收集了信息之后，我們必須對其進(jìn)行分析！

我們需要尋找模式，最常見的是因果模式。

這類信息幫助我們預(yù)測和解決可能影響我們生活的世界的問題。

但我們不會(huì)對所有這些信息保密。

然后，我們需要公布我們的研究結(jié)果，以便其他人可以訪問并了解它。

發(fā)布這些信息的一種方式是以地圖的形式。

在你們生命的某個(gè)階段，你們都會(huì)使用一個(gè)。

讓我們從地理學(xué)家的角度來考慮地圖的好處。

地圖可以折疊起來放在口袋里，當(dāng)收集到地圖冊中時(shí)，可以提供大量參考資料。

如果必要的話，他們可以描述整個(gè)行星的物理特征，或者更詳細(xì)地描述它的一小部分。

但也有一個(gè)缺點(diǎn)。

你不能在一張平面紙上精確地復(fù)制三維的東西，比如我們的星球，因?yàn)榧堉挥卸S，這意味著地圖上總是會(huì)有一定程度的扭曲。

這是不可避免的。

我們也可以用航空照片。。。

在地球上方高空拍攝的照片。

這些地圖非常適合顯示地面上不容易看到的各種地理特征。

例如，您可以很容易地說明患病樹木的區(qū)域，或在給定時(shí)間道路上的交通量，或有關(guān)深海床的信息。

還有陸地衛(wèi)星。

這些衛(wèi)星環(huán)繞地球運(yùn)行，向接收站的計(jì)算機(jī)傳輸視覺信息。

它們一天繞地球幾圈，可以提供大量的信息——例如，你們都會(huì)熟悉它們給我們的有關(guān)天氣的信息。

所以，我們現(xiàn)在要做的是看一個(gè)簡短的演示，在其中您將看到所有這些工具

三、Geography 聽力問題：

Question 31-40

Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.Geography

Studying geography helps us to understand:

? the effects of different processes on the of the Earth

? the dynamic between and population

Two main branches of study:

? physical features

? human lifestyles and their

Specific study areas: biophysical, topographic, political, social, economic, historical and  geography, and also cartography

Key point: geography helps us to understand our surroundings and the associated

What do geographers do?

? find data - e.g. conduct censuses, collect information in the form of

using computer and satellite technology

? analyse data - identify e.g. cause and effect

? publish findings in form of:

a) maps

-easy to carry

-can show physical features of large and small areas -BUT a two-dimensional map will always have some

b) aerial photos

-can show vegetation problems, density, ocean floor etc.

c) Landsat pictures sent to receiving stations

-used for monitoring conditions etc.

四、Geography 聽力答案：

31.surface

32.environment

33.impact / impacts / effect / effects

34.urban

35.problems

36.images

37.patterns

38.distortion / distortions

39.traffic

40.weather

五、Geography 聽力答案解析

31. surface　此題可以通過題干中的 process 和 Earth 來定位就可以找出答案。筆記填空題的技巧就在于考生能否找到定位詞。

32. environment　此題尋找定位詞相對比較困難，考生在聽力原文中聽到 because 引導(dǎo)的句子之后應(yīng)提高警惕。除此之外，在聽力原文中 ...the different kinds of relationships that develop between a particular environment and the people that live there 的意思是一個(gè)特定的環(huán)境和在這個(gè)環(huán)境中生存的人之間發(fā)展的不同種類的關(guān)系。此意和題干中的 the dynamic between environment and population 表達(dá)相同的意思。在這段聽力原文中理解題干中 dynamic 這個(gè)單詞的意思對于解題至關(guān)重要。在這個(gè)語境中 dynamic 是名詞，表示人或者事物在特定的情況下的行為或者反應(yīng)。

33. impact(s) / effect(s)　此題的定位詞是 physical features，并且可以判斷出需要填寫的是名詞。因而，不難判斷出答案。

34. urban　此題的定位詞是 economic, 還有 historical。并且此題需要填寫的是形容詞。另外，在錄音中考生可以明顯地聽出考官重讀 urban geography 之前出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)短暫的停頓。在聽力考試中，只要出現(xiàn)停頓并且重讀，那么就意味著答案。

35. problems　原文中 ...we know very little about our surroundings and we wouldn’t be able to identify all the problems that relate to them. 的意思是我們關(guān)于周圍的環(huán)境了解甚少，并且我們不能確認(rèn)和環(huán)境相關(guān)的問題。而題干中的 associated 和原文中的 related 是同義表達(dá)，因而可以選出答案是 problems。

36. images　本題的定位詞是 census，出現(xiàn)在聽力原文中。另外，原文 We also need images of the earth’s surface which we can produce by means of computer-generation technology or with the help of satellite relays. 的意思是我們還需要地球表面的圖片，這些圖片可以通過電腦再生技術(shù)產(chǎn)生或者也可以在衛(wèi)星轉(zhuǎn)播的幫助下完成。而題干中出現(xiàn)的 in the form of 之后應(yīng)該填寫名詞，另外，根據(jù)后面出現(xiàn)的 computer and satellite technology 可以判斷出答案是 images。

37. patterns　此題是典型的定位詞后置題目。這道題的定位詞是 cause and effect, 在聽力原文中出現(xiàn)了 We need to look for patterns, most commonly those of causes and consequences.，其中 consequence 和 effect 是同義詞，因而，此題可以判斷出答案是 patterns。

38. distortion(s)　此題的定位詞是 two-dimensional，根據(jù)這個(gè)提示在原文 ...because paper has only two dimensions, and that means there’ll always be a certain degree of distortion on a map. 中發(fā)現(xiàn)答案應(yīng)該是 distortion(s)。

39. traffic　原文 ...how much traffic is on the roads... 和 traffic density 都表達(dá)交通繁忙程度。

40. weather　首先專有名詞 Landsat 是定位詞，另外，在聽力原文 ...you’ll all be familiar with the information they give us about the weather, for example 中出現(xiàn)了 for example，在聽力考試中往往例子本身就是正確答案。

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