劍橋雅思11閱讀Test1Passage1原文翻譯crop-growing skyscrappers

劍橋雅思11閱讀Test1Passage1原文翻譯crop-growing skyscrappers，今天中國(guó)教育在線就來為大家分析這個(gè)問題。

crop-growing skyscrappers

垂直農(nóng)業(yè)

劍橋雅思11 Test1 Passage1閱讀原文翻譯

第1段

By the year 2050,nearly 80%of the Earth’s population will live in urban centres.Applying the most conservative estimates to current demographic trends,the human population will increase by about three billion people by then.An estimated 10 hectares of new land(about 20%larger than Brazil)will be needed to grow enough food to feed them,if traditional farming methods continue as they are practised today.At present,throughout the world,over 80%of the land that is suitable for raising crops is in use.Historically,some 15%of that has been laid waste by poor management practices.What can be done to ensure enough food for the world’s population to live on?

到2050年，地球上將有近80％的人口居住在城市中心。將最保守的估計(jì)應(yīng)用于當(dāng)前的人口發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，到那時(shí)，人口將增加約30億。如果繼續(xù)采用現(xiàn)在傳統(tǒng)的耕作方法，預(yù)計(jì)需要10的9次方公頃的新土地（比巴西大20％）才能夠種出足夠的糧食來養(yǎng)活他們。目前，全世界適合耕種農(nóng)作物的土地中，有80%已被使用。從歷史上看，其中約15％由于管理不善而荒廢。那么如何才能確保世界人民有足夠的食物生存呢？

第2段

The concept of indoor farming is not new,since hothouse production of tomatoes and other produce has been in vogue for some time.What is new is the urgent need to scale up this technology to accommodate another three billion people.Many believe an entirely new approach to indoor farming is required,employing cutting-edge technologies.This is from Laokaoya website.One such proposal is for the‘Vertical Farm’.The concept is of multi-storey buildings in which food crops are grown in environmentally controlled conditions.Situated in the heart of urban centres,they would drastically reduce the amount of transportation required to bring food to consumers.Vertical farms would need to be efficient,cheap to construct and safe to operate.If successfully implemented,proponents claim,vertical farms offer the promise of urban renewal,sustainable production of a safe and varied food supply(through year-round production of all crops),and the eventual repair of ecosystems that have been sacrificed for horizontal farming.

室內(nèi)耕作的概念并不是什么新鮮事物，因?yàn)闇厥以耘辔骷t柿和其他農(nóng)產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)流行了一段時(shí)間。新鮮的是擴(kuò)展此技術(shù)以容納另外30億人口的迫切需求。許多人認(rèn)為，需要利用文章來自 雅思尖端技術(shù)采用全新的室內(nèi)耕作方法。而其中一項(xiàng)提議就是“垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)”。這一概念是將糧食作物種植在環(huán)境條件受控的多層建筑中。它們位于城市中心地帶，會(huì)急劇減少將食物運(yùn)送到消費(fèi)者手中所需要的運(yùn)輸量。垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)的效率要高，建造要便宜，運(yùn)營(yíng)要安全。支持者聲稱，如果成功實(shí)施的話，垂直農(nóng)場(chǎng)將會(huì)帶來城市復(fù)興的希望，持續(xù)提供安全多樣的食物（一年到頭都可以生產(chǎn)各類作物），并最終修復(fù)由于水平農(nóng)業(yè)而犧牲的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

第3段

It took humans 10,000 years to learn how to grow most of the crops we now take for granted.Along the way,we despoiled most of the land we worked,often turning verdant,natural ecozones into semi-arid deserts.Within that same time frame,we evolved into an urban species,in which 60%of the human population now lives vertically in cities.This means that,for the majority,we humans have shelter from the elements,yet we subject our food-bearing plants to the rigours of the great outdoors and can do no more than hope for a good weather year.However,more often than not now,due to a rapidly changing climate,that is not what happens.Massive floods,long droughts,hurricanes and severe monsoons take their toll each year,destroying millions of tons of valuable crops.

人類花了10,000年的時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)如何種植我們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的大多數(shù)作物。在此過程中，我們破壞了耕作的大部分土地，經(jīng)常將翠綠的自然生態(tài)區(qū)變成半干旱的沙漠。在相同的時(shí)間范圍里，我們進(jìn)化成城市物種，其中60％的人口現(xiàn)在在城市中垂直居住。這意味著，對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來說，我們?nèi)祟惪梢远惚芨鞣N因素的影響，但我們將生產(chǎn)食物的植物置于嚴(yán)酷的戶外條件下，只能祈禱天氣良好。然而，由于快速變化的氣候，情況并不如人們所愿。洪災(zāi)、長(zhǎng)期干旱、颶風(fēng)和嚴(yán)重的季風(fēng)每年都會(huì)造成巨大的損失，摧毀數(shù)百萬噸寶貴的農(nóng)作物。

第4段

The supporters of vertical farming claim many potential advantages for the system.For instance,crops would be produced all year round,as they would be kept in artificially controlled,optimum growing conditions.There would be no weather-related crop failures due to droughts,floods or pests.All the food could be grown organically,eliminating the need for herbicides,pesticides and fertilisers.The system would greatly reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases that are acquired at the agricultural interface.Although the system would consume energy,it would return energy to the grid via methane generation from composting non-edible parts of plants.It would also dramatically reduce fossil fuel use,by cutting out the need for tractors,ploughs and shipping.

垂直農(nóng)業(yè)的支持者聲稱該系統(tǒng)具有許多潛在優(yōu)勢(shì)。例如，由于農(nóng)作物生長(zhǎng)在人為控制的、理想的環(huán)境中，它們可以整年產(chǎn)出糧食。不會(huì)由于干旱、洪水或蟲災(zāi)等與天氣有關(guān)的因素而造成糧食欠收。所有食物都可以有機(jī)種植，從而消除對(duì)除草劑、殺蟲劑和肥料的需求。該系統(tǒng)將大大降低在農(nóng)業(yè)接觸中感染一些傳染病的概率。雖然該系統(tǒng)會(huì)消耗能量，但通過利用植物不可食用的部分進(jìn)行沼氣發(fā)電，可以將能量返還給電網(wǎng)。通過減少對(duì)拖拉機(jī)、犁和運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨?，它也?huì)大量減少化石燃料的使用。

第5段

A major drawback of vertical farming,however,is that the plants would require artificial light.Without it,those plants nearest the windows would be exposed to more sunlight and grow more quickly,reducing the efficiency of the system.Single-storey greenhouses have the benefit of natural overhead light:even so,many still need artificial lighting.A multi-storey facility with no natural overhead light would require far more.Generating enough light could be prohibitively expensive,unless cheap,renewable energy is available,and this appears to be rather a future aspiration than a likelihood for the near future.

然而，垂直耕作的主要缺點(diǎn)在于植物需要人造光。沒有它，那些最靠近窗戶的植物將暴露在更多的陽光下并且生長(zhǎng)得更快，從而降低了系統(tǒng)的效率。單層溫室受益于頂部的自然光線：即使如此，許多仍然需要人造光。缺乏自然頂部光線的多層設(shè)施則需要更多的人造光。除非能夠獲得廉價(jià)的可再生能源，否則產(chǎn)生足夠的光線太過昂貴。而這似乎是一種未來的愿望，并非近期就可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情。

第6段

One variation on vertical farming that has been developed is to grow plants in stacked trays that move on rails.Moving the trays allows the plants to get enough sunlight.This system is already in operation,and works well within a single-storey greenhouse with light reaching it from above:it is not certain,however,that it can be made to work without that overhead natural light.

已經(jīng)開發(fā)出來的垂直耕作的一種變體是將植物種植在堆疊式的、可以在軌道上移動(dòng)的托盤里。移動(dòng)托盤可使植物獲得足夠的陽光。該系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)在運(yùn)行，并且可以在頂部有光線的單層溫室中正常工作：但是，不確定該系統(tǒng)是否可以在頂部沒有自然光的情況下運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

第7段

Vertical farming is an attempt to address the undoubted problems that we face in producing enough food for a growing population.At the moment,though,more needs to be done to reduce the detrimental impact it would have on the environment,particularly as regards the use of energy.While it is possible that much of our food will be grown in skyscrapers in future,most experts currently believe it is far more likely that we will simply use the space available on urban rooftops.

垂直耕作試圖解決我們?cè)跒槿找嬖鲩L(zhǎng)的人口生產(chǎn)足夠的糧食時(shí)所必然面對(duì)的問題，但是現(xiàn)在需要做更多的工作來減少它對(duì)環(huán)境的不利影響，特別是在能源使用方面。雖然將來我們的大部分食物可能種植在摩天大樓里，但大多數(shù)專家目前認(rèn)為，我們僅使用城市屋頂上的可用空間的可能性更大。

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