劍橋雅思15Test1Passage2閱讀原文翻譯driverless cars

劍橋雅思15Test1Passage2閱讀原文翻譯driverless cars今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個問題。

Driverless cars

無人駕駛

劍橋雅思15 Test1 Passage2閱讀原文翻譯

A部分

The automotive sector is well used to adapting to automation in manufacturing.The implementation of robotic car manufacture from the 1970s onwards led to significant cost savings and improvements in the reliability and flexibility of vehicle mass production.A new challenge to vehicle production is now on the horizon and,again,it comes from automation.However,this time it is not to do with the manufacturing process,but with the vehicles themselves.

汽車部門早就很好的適應了生產過程中的自動化。自20世紀70年代采用機器人制造汽車以來，汽車大規(guī)模生產成本大幅下降，并且可靠性與靈活性有所提升?，F在，汽車生產又出現新的挑戰(zhàn)，而且它仍然來自自動化。然而，這一次它與制造過程無關，而是關于汽車自身。

Research projects on vehicle automation are not new.Vehicles with limited self-driving capabilities have been around for more than 50 years,resulting in significant contributions towards driver assistance systems.But since Google announced in 2010 that it had been trialling self-driving cars on the streets of California,progress in this field has quickly gathered pace.

汽車自動化方面的研究項目并不是什么新鮮事。帶有有限自動駕駛功能的汽車已經出現了50多年，為駕駛輔助系統(tǒng)做出重大貢獻。但自從谷歌于2010年宣布，它正在加利福尼亞的街頭測試自動駕駛汽車，該領域的進展速度明顯加快。

B部分

There are many reasons why technology is advancing so fast.One frequently cited motive is safety;indeed,research at the UK’s Transport Research Laboratory has demonstrated that more than 90 percent of road collisions involve human error as a contributory factor,and it is the primary cause in the vast majority.Automation may help to reduce the incidence of this.

有很多原因可以解釋為什么科技進步如此之快。一項經常被提及的動機是安全。確實，英國交通研究實驗室的研究已經證明，90%以上的道路碰撞事故都涉及人為錯誤，而且它還是絕大多數事故的主要原因。自動化或許可以幫助減少此類事情的發(fā)生。

Another aim is to free the time people spend driving for other purposes.If the vehicle can do some or all of the driving,it may be possible to be productive,to socialise or simply to relax while automation systems have responsibility for safe control of the vehicle.If the vehicle can do the driving,those who are challenged by existing mobility models–such as older or disabled travellers–may be able to enjoy significantly greater travel autonomy.

另外一項目的是將人類用于駕駛的時間解放出來以投入其他目標。如果汽車能夠進行部分或者所有的駕駛工作，那么在自動駕駛系統(tǒng)為安全操控負責時，人們就可以進行工作、社交或者僅僅是放松一下。如果汽車能夠自動駕駛，那么那些受困于現有移動模式的人-比如老年人或者殘疾人-就可以享受更大程度的出行自由。

C部分

Beyond these direct benefits,we can consider the wider implications for transport and society,and how manufacturing processes might need to respond as a result.At present,the average car spends more than 90 percent of its life parked.Automation means that initiatives for car-sharing become much more viable,particularly in urban areas with significant travel demand.If a significant proportion of the population choose to use shared automated vehicles,mobility demand can be met by far fewer vehicles.

除了這些直接的好處，我們還可以設想這一變革給交通和社會帶來的更廣泛的影響，以及制造過程可能因此需要做出怎樣的應對。目前，平均一輛車有90%以上的時間都停泊不動。自動化意味著汽車共享的提議變得更加可行，尤其是在擁有大量出行需求的城市地區(qū)。如果大部分人口選擇使用共享汽車，那么極少量汽車就可以滿足移動需求。

D部分

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology investigated automated mobility in Singapore,finding that fewer than 30 percent of the vehicles currently used would be required if fully automated car sharing could be implemented.If this is the case,it might mean that we need to manufacture far fewer vehicles to meet demand.

麻省理工學院在新加坡研究自動化的出行方案，發(fā)現如果實行全自動汽車共享的話，只需要當前汽車使用量的不到30%即可。如果事實真的如此，這可能意味著我們只需要生產遠少于現在的汽車就能夠滿足需求。

However,the number of trips being taken would probably increase,partly because empty vehicles would have to be moved from one customer to the next.

然而，旅程次數可能會有所上升，部分原因在于空置車輛需要從一位顧客前往下一位顧客那里。

Modelling work by the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute suggests automated vehicles might reduce vehicle ownership by 43 percent,but that vehicles’average annual mileage would double as a result.As a consequence,each vehicle would be used more intensively,and might need replacing sooner.This faster rate of turnover may mean that vehicle production will not necessarily decrease.

密歇根大學交通研究院所搭建的模型顯示，自動化汽車也許會將汽車保有量降低43%，但結果是汽車的平均年行駛里程會翻倍。這樣一來，每輛車的使用會更加頻繁，并需要更快的進行更換。這一更快的置換率可能意味著汽車生產未必會下降。

E部分

Automation may prompt other changes in vehicle manufacture.If we move to a model where consumers are tending not to own a single vehicle but to purchase access to a range of vehicles through a mobility provider,drivers will have the freedom to select one that best suits their needs for a particular journey,rather than making a compromise across all their requirements.

自動化可能會推動汽車制造領域的其他變化。如果我們切換成這樣一種模式：消費者不再想要擁有自己的車輛，而是通過某個移動交通工具供應商購買一系列汽車的使用權，那么司機將可以自由選擇最能滿足他們特定旅程需要的汽車，而不是通盤考慮所有需求進行妥協(xié)。

Since,for most of the time,most of the seats in most cars are unoccupied,this may boost production of a smaller,more efficient range of vehicles that suit the needs of individuals.Specialised vehicles may then be available for exceptional journeys,such as going on a family camping trip or helping a son or daughter move to university.

由于大部分汽車的大部分座位在大多數時間都是空置的，這可能會推動生產一系列更小、更加高效的車輛以滿足個人需求。到那時可能會出現為獨特旅程定制的車輛，如家庭野營之旅或者送子女去上大學。

F部分

There are a number of hurdles to overcome in delivering automated vehicles to our roads.These include the technical difficulties in ensuring that the vehicle works reliably in the infinite range of traffic,weather and road situations it might encounter;the regulatory challenges in understanding how liability and enforcement might change when drivers are no longer essential for vehicle operation;and the societal changes that may be required for communities to trust and accept automated vehicles as being a valuable part of the mobility landscape.

在自動化汽車上路之前，還有許多困難需要克服。它們包括確保汽車能夠在各種可能遇到的交通、天氣和道路狀況下可靠行駛的技術困難；當司機不再是汽車運行的必要元素時，如何理解責任和義務相應變化的規(guī)則挑戰(zhàn)，以及民眾信任和接受自動化汽車作為出行圖景中頗具價值的組成部分所需要的社會轉變。

G部分

It’s clear that there are many challenges that need to be addressed but,through robust and targeted research,these can most probably be conquered within the next 10 years.Mobility will change in such potentially significant ways and in association with so many other technological developments,such as telepresence and virtual reality,that it is hard to make concrete predictions about the future.However,one thing is certain:change is coming,and the need to be flexible in response to this will be vital for those involved in manufacturing the vehicles that will deliver future mobility.

顯然，仍然有許多挑戰(zhàn)等待解決，但通過富有活力并且目標明確的研究，這些問題很有可能在接下來的10年里得以克服。出行方式將會發(fā)生意義深遠的變化，再加上如此多的其他技術的發(fā)展（比如遠程呈現以及虛擬現實），我們很難對未來做出具體的預測。然而，有一點是肯定的：變化即將到來。在應對這一變化時保持靈活，對于那些牽扯到汽車制造，并為未來提供交通工具的各方團體來說至關重要。

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