劍橋雅思5 Test 1閱讀Passage 2答案解析Nature or Nurture
2023-06-08 11:03:58 來源:中國教育在線
劍橋雅思5 Test 1閱讀Passage 2答案解析Nature or Nurture,今天中國教育在線就來為大家分析這個(gè)問題。
Nature or Nurture
服從實(shí)驗(yàn)
劍橋雅思5 Test 1 Passage 2閱讀答案解析
第14題答案:F
對應(yīng)原文:F段:Milgram’s teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock
解析:對實(shí)驗(yàn)對象行為的具體解釋主要是F,G和H三段,其中F段將的是基因的問題,對應(yīng)題干中的biological,而G段和H段則主要說是社會環(huán)境的影響。由此確定答案為F
第15題答案:A
對應(yīng)原文:A段:Specifically,Milgram told each volunteer‘teacher-subject’that the experiment was in the noble cause of education
解析:關(guān)于實(shí)驗(yàn)的介紹主要出現(xiàn)在前三段,而B段和C段以實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟為主。因此我們先看A段,如果實(shí)在找不到對應(yīng)內(nèi)容再去看B段和C段,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)A段中的In the noble cause of education,即實(shí)驗(yàn)室為了教育的高尚目的,與題干中的explanation能夠?qū)?yīng),因此確定答案。
第16題答案:B
對應(yīng)原文:B段:The supposed‘pupil’was in reality an actor hired by Milgram
解析:跟上面一樣,對實(shí)驗(yàn)素材的介紹應(yīng)該在開頭部分,A段已經(jīng)選過,題干文章來自老烤鴨雅思中也沒有說明有選項(xiàng)可以使用兩次,因此直接排除。將注意力集中在B段和C段,發(fā)現(xiàn)B段中間提到學(xué)生其實(shí)是演員,對應(yīng)identity一詞,由此確定答案。
第17題答案:D
對應(yīng)原文:D段:The psychiatrists felt that‘most subjects would not go beyond 150 volts’and they further anticipated that only four per cent would go up to 300 volts.Furthermore,they thought that only a lunatic fringe of about one in 1,000 would give the highest shock of 450 volts.
解析:整個(gè)D段都是在說精神科醫(yī)生預(yù)測的事情。當(dāng)然大家也可以根據(jù)題干中的statistical一詞去文章中尋找百分比,進(jìn)而確定答案。
第18題答案:I
對應(yīng)原文:I段:This,in essence,is the problem of modern sociobiology–to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…
解析:sociobiology在最后幾段才出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)14題的分析,F(xiàn)段,G段和H段都在解釋實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的具體行為,不像是有這種總結(jié)性質(zhì)的東西,因此我們先從I段看起,發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的破折號和to discover跟題干中的general aim對應(yīng),由此確定答案。
第19題答案:C
對應(yīng)原文:C段:Many of the teacher-subjects balked at administering the higher levels of punishment…Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil’s cries for mercy and carry on with the experiment…
解析:這道題目相對要簡單一些,C段的后大半部分幾乎都是在解釋當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)對象出現(xiàn)猶豫的時(shí)候,米爾格拉姆如何勸說他們繼續(xù),跟題干中的Persuade對應(yīng),由此確定答案。
第20題答案:B
對應(yīng)原文:A段:…punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils’ability to learn.
解析:A選項(xiàng)中450伏危險(xiǎn)是已經(jīng)表明的,不需要測試。C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)完全沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)中的punishment跟learn都是原詞重現(xiàn),help也可以被認(rèn)為是positive effect的同義替換,由此確定B是答案。
第21題答案:D
對應(yīng)原文:B段:The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question,a shock was to be administered,beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer
解析:選項(xiàng)A完全沒有提到。實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中是學(xué)生指責(zé)實(shí)驗(yàn)者,而非相反,因此B選項(xiàng)也排除。C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在降低電擊水平上,原文中只提到了升高,是否降低我們不得而知。而D選項(xiàng)中的punishment就對應(yīng)電擊,而且原文中也明確說了實(shí)行電擊的規(guī)則。由此確定答案。
第22題答案:C
對應(yīng)原文:D段:The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.
E段:What were the actual results?Well,over 60 per cent of the teacher-subjects continued to obey Milgram up to the 450-volt limit!
解析:A選項(xiàng)沒提到,B選項(xiàng)中的fali to agree與原文中consensus相反,也排除。原文中說精神科醫(yī)生認(rèn)為幾乎所有人都會拒絕實(shí)行電擊,而實(shí)際結(jié)果則是有60%的人都采用了450伏的電擊。也就是說他們低估了實(shí)驗(yàn)對象的意愿,因此確定答案為C。
第23題答案:NOT GIVEN
對應(yīng)原文:Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions…
解析:文章只在第一段介紹實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)人員身份的時(shí)候提到了耶魯大學(xué),并說明實(shí)驗(yàn)對象來自各行各業(yè),但并沒有提到是否包含耶魯大學(xué)的學(xué)生,因此判斷為NOT GIVEN
第24題答案:TRUE
對應(yīng)原文:F段:A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait,having been of survival value to our ancestors…
解析:題干前半部分基本都是廢話,判斷的關(guān)鍵在于是否存在positive survival mechnism,而這正好與原文中的sruvival value,advantageous trait對應(yīng),因此確定答案。
第25題答案:FALSE
對應(yīng)原文:H段:…surrendering individual properties like loyalty,self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority.
解析:sociological explanation在原文中的G段和H段出現(xiàn),題干中的personal value和原文中的individual properties對應(yīng),authority原詞出現(xiàn)。但原文中說的是個(gè)人品質(zhì)屈服于權(quán)威,而非相反,因此判斷為FALSE
第26題答案:FALSE
對應(yīng)原文:I段:Here we have two radically different explanations…The problem…is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible.
解析:根據(jù)原文中的說法,我們尚不能分辨實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的兩種解釋究竟哪個(gè)對,也就是說還有待解答。這與題干中的solve完全相反,因此判斷答案為FALSE
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