劍橋雅思15Test3Passage2閱讀答案 The Desolenator: producing clean water

2023-06-11 14:51:04 來源：中國教育在線

劍橋雅思15Test3Passage2閱讀答案 The Desolenator: producing clean water 文章一共7部分，分別介紹了太陽能凈水設(shè)備的靈感來源，適用范圍，工作原理，目標(biāo)客戶，潛在市場，銷售額與銷售地點等內(nèi)容。關(guān)于這個問題中國教育在線平臺就來為各個考生解答下。

劍橋雅思15 Test3 Passage2閱讀原文

A部分

Travelling around Thailand in the 1990s, William Janssen was impressed with the basic rooftop solar heating systems that were on many homes, where energy from the sun was absorbed by a plate and then used to heat water for domestic use. Two decades later Janssen developed that basic idea he saw in Southeast Asia into a portable device that uses the power from the sun to purify water.

20世紀(jì)90年代在泰國旅行的時候，WIliam Janseen對許多人家屋頂上的太陽能加熱系統(tǒng)印象深刻。來自太陽的能量被平板吸收，隨后被用于加熱家庭用水。20年后，Janssen將他在東南亞看到的原本想法變?yōu)橐环N可以利用太陽能來凈化水的便攜設(shè)備。

B部分

The Desolenator operates as a mobile desalination unit that can take water from different places, such as the sea, rivers, boreholes and rain, and purify it for human consumption. It is particularly valuable in regions where natural groundwater reserves have been polluted, or where seawater is the only water source available.

Desolenator是一種可移動的海水凈化設(shè)備，能夠凈化取自不同地方的水（如大海，河流，鉆井和雨水等）供人類使用。它在自然地下水遭到污染，或者海水是唯一可用的水源的地區(qū)顯得尤其寶貴。

Janssen saw that there was a need for a sustainable way to clean water in both the developing and the developed countries when he moved to the United Arab Emirates and saw large-scale water processing. ‘I was confronted with the enormous carbon footprint that the Gulf nations have because of all of the desalination that they do,’ he says.

當(dāng)Janssen移居阿聯(lián)酋并看到對水進行大規(guī)模的處理時，他意識到無論是發(fā)展中國家還是發(fā)達國家，都需要一種可持續(xù)的凈水方法?！拔颐媾R著海灣國家因為進行海水淡化而產(chǎn)生的巨量碳排放”。

C部分

The Desolenator can produce 15 litres of drinking water per day, enough to sustain a family for cooking and drinking. Its main selling point is that unlike standard desalination techniques, it doesn’t require a generated power supply: just sunlight. It measures 120 cm by 90 cm, and is easy to transport, thanks to its two wheels. Water enters through a pipe, and flows as a thin film between a sheet of double glazing and the surface of a solar panel, where it is heated by the sun. The warm water flows into a small boiler (heated by a solar-powered battery) where it is converted to steam. When the steam cools, it becomes distilled water. The device has a very simple filter to trap particles, and this can easily be shaken to remove them. There are two tubes for liquid coming out: one for the waste – salt from seawater, fluoride, etc. – and another for the distilled water. The performance of the unit is shown on an LCD screen and transmitted to the company which provides servicing when necessary.

Desolenator每天可以產(chǎn)生15升的飲用水，足夠一個家庭做飯和飲用。它的主要賣點在于，不像標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的海水淡化設(shè)備，它不需要電力供應(yīng)，只要陽光就好。它長120厘米，寬90厘米，由于配備了兩個輪子，十分方便運輸。水從管道進入，在雙層玻璃片和太陽能電池板之間以薄膜的形式流動。在這里水被陽光加熱。溫暖的水流入一個小鍋爐（由太陽能電池負責(zé)加熱）轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎羝?。?dāng)蒸汽冷卻后就變成了蒸餾水。該裝置有一個十分簡單的過濾器用來過濾微粒，只需晃動就可去除它們。有兩條管道供液體流出：一條排出廢物 – 來自海水的鹽，氟化物等 – 一條排出蒸餾水。這套設(shè)備的運行過程會顯示在LCD屏幕上，并在必要的時候傳輸給提供服務(wù)的公司。

D部分

A recent analysis found that at least two-thirds of the world’s population lives with severe water scarcity for at least a month every year. Janssen says that by 2030 half of the world’s population will be living with water stress – where the demand exceeds the supply over a certain period of time. ‘It is really important that a sustainable solution is brought to the market that is able to help these people’, he says. Many countries ‘don’t have the money for desalination plants, which are very expensive to build. They don’t have the money to operate them, they are very maintenance intensive, and they don’t have the money to buy the diesel to run the desalination plants, so it is a really bad situation.’

一項最近的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，世界上至少有三分之二的人每年至少有一個月的時間生活在極度缺水的狀態(tài)中。Janssen說，到2030年時，世界上將會有一半的人口文章來自老烤鴨雅思面臨用水壓力 – 在特定的時間里需求超過供給。 “為市場提供能夠幫助到這些人的可持續(xù)解決方案真的很重要”，他說，許多國家“沒有錢建造十分昂貴的海水淡化工廠，他們沒有錢去運營這些維護工作十分繁重的廠房，他們也沒有錢購買柴油來維持這些工廠的運轉(zhuǎn)，所以情況真的很差”。

E部分

The device is aimed at a wide variety of users – from homeowners in the developing world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off the grid in rural parts of the US. The first commercial versions of the Desolenator are expected to be in operation in India early next year, after field tests are carried out. The market for the self-sufficient devices in developing countries is twofold – those who cannot afford the money for the device outright and pay through microfinance, and middle-income homes that can lease their own equipment. ‘People in India don’t pay for a fridge outright; they pay for it over six months. They would put the Desolenator on their roof and hook it up to their municipal supply and they would get very reliable drinking water on a daily basis,’ Janssen says. In the developed world, it is aimed at niche markets where tap water is unavailable – for camping, on boats, or for the military, for instance.

該設(shè)備的目標(biāo)客戶范圍很廣 – 從發(fā)展中國家里沒有持續(xù)水供應(yīng)的房主，到美國農(nóng)村地區(qū)遠離人煙的居民。Desolenator的第一個商用版本預(yù)計將在進行實地測試后，于明年初在印度投入運營。這一自給自足的設(shè)備在發(fā)展中國家有兩重市場：一重是那些沒有錢直接購買設(shè)備而通過小額信貸支付的人，另一重是那些能夠出租他們自己設(shè)備的中等收入家庭。“印度居民不會為冰箱付全款，他們會用六個月的時間進行分期。他們會把Desolenator放在房頂上，并把它與他們的市政供水系統(tǒng)將掛鉤，從而每天獲得非?？煽康娘嬘盟盝anssen說。在發(fā)達國家，它瞄準(zhǔn)無法獲得自來水的細分市場 – 例如露營地、船舶或者軍事用途。

F部分

Prices will vary according to where it is bought. In the developing world, the price will depend on what deal aid organisations can negotiate. In developed countries, it is likely to come in at $1,000 (￡685) a unit, said Janssen. ‘We are a venture with a social mission. We are aware that the product we have envisioned is mainly finding application in the developing world and humanitarian sector and that this is the way we will proceed. We do realise, though, that to be a viable company there is a bottom line to keep in mind,’ he says.

設(shè)備價格會根據(jù)購買地的不同而不同。在發(fā)展中國家，其價格取決于援助組織的商談結(jié)果。在發(fā)達國家，其價格則可能為每臺1000美元（合685英鎊），Janssen說?！拔覀兪且患壹缲撋鐣姑钠髽I(yè)。我們意識到我們所發(fā)明的產(chǎn)品主要用于發(fā)展中國家和人道主義部門。這也是我們將要采取的方式。雖然我們確實意識到，要成為一家有獨立發(fā)展能力的公司，腦子里必須得有（價格）底線才行”，他說。

G部分

The company itself is based at Imperial College London, although Janssen, its chief executive, still lives in the UAE. It has raised ￡340,000 in funding so far. Within two years, he says, the company aims to be selling 1,000 units a month, mainly in the humanitarian field. They are expected to be sold in areas such as Australia, northern Chile, Peru, Texas and California.

劍橋雅思15 Test3 Passage2閱讀答案解析

第14題答案：iii

第15題答案：vi

第16題答案：v

第17題答案：x

第18題答案：iv

第19題答案：viii

第20題答案：i

第21題答案：wheels

第22題答案：film

第23題答案：filter

第24題答案：waste