劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage1真題翻譯(2)

劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage1真題翻譯(2) 關(guān)于這個問題下面小編就來為各個考生解答下。

劍橋雅思13Test3閱讀passage1-The coconut palm椰子樹

Their biology would appear to make coconuts the great maritime voyagers and coastal colonizers of the plant world. The large, energy-rich fruits are able to float in water and tolerate salt, but cannot remain viable indefinitely; studies suggest after about 110 days at sea they are no longer able to germinate. Literally cast onto desert island shores, with little more than sand to grow in and exposed to the full glare of the tropical sun, coconut seeds are able to germinate and root. The air pocket in the seed, created as the endosperm solidifies, protects the embryo. In addition, the fibrous fruit wall that helped it to float during the voyage stores moisture that can be taken up by the roots of the coconut seedling as it starts to grow.

椰子的生物特征使其成為植物界偉大的海上漂流能手和沿海入侵者。這些富含能量的大型椰子既能漂浮又能耐鹽,但不能永遠(yuǎn)保持活性。研究表明,椰子在海上漂浮約110天后,就無法發(fā)芽了。而毫不夸張地說,將椰子種子扔在不毛的島嶼海濱,不需要比沙土好多少的土壤,哪怕有熱帶陽光的暴曬,它依然能夠生根發(fā)芽。因為在胚乳固化時種子中形成的氣囊保護著胚胎。此外,有助于椰子在漂流期間漂浮的纖維壁能儲存水分,可用于椰子幼苗開始生長時的根部所需。

There have been centuries of academic debate over the origins of the coconut. There were no coconut palms in West Africa, the Caribbean or the east coast of the Americas before the voyages of the European explorers Vasco da Gama and Columbus in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. 16th century trade and human migration patterns reveal that Arab traders and European sailors are likely to have moved coconuts from South and Southeast Asia to Africa and then across the Atlantic to the east coast of America. But the origin of coconuts discovered along the west coast of America by 16th century sailors has been the subject of centuries of discussion. Two diametrically opposed origins have been proposed: that they came from Asia, or that they were native to America. Both suggestions have problems.In Asia, there is a large degree of coconut diversity and evidence of millennia of human use 一 but there are no relatives growing in the wild. In America, there are close coconut relatives, but no evidence that coconuts are indigenous. These problems have led to the intriguing suggestion that coconuts originated on coral islands in the Pacific and were dispersed from there.

數(shù)個世紀(jì)以來,學(xué)術(shù)界一直在爭論揶子的起源。在15世紀(jì)末和16世紀(jì)初歐洲探險家瓦斯科·達(dá)·伽馬和哥倫布開始航海活動之前,西非、加勒比海以及美洲東海岸還沒有槨子樹。16世紀(jì)的貿(mào)易和人口遷移活動表明,阿拉伯商人和歐洲水手很可能從南亞和東南亞將椰子帶到了非洲,然后穿過大西洋到達(dá)美洲東海岸。但是,對于16世紀(jì)水手們在美洲西海岸發(fā)現(xiàn)的椰子起源何處,幾個世紀(jì)以來一直存在爭議。人們已經(jīng)提出了兩個截然相反的起源說:一是它們來自亞洲,另一個是它們原產(chǎn)于美洲。這兩種說法都存在問題、在亞洲,榔子種類繁多,且大量證據(jù)表明那里的人們使用椰子已有千年歷史,但在野外還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)榔子的同系植物。而在美洲有榔子的同系植物,但沒有證據(jù)表明椰子是本土物種、上述問題引發(fā)了一個有趣的觀點,即椰子起源于太平洋的珊瑚島,并從那里擴散到世界各地。

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