劍橋雅思16Test4Passage3閱讀答案解析Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence

劍橋雅思16 Test4 Passage3閱讀答案解析

第27題答案：iii

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：A部分第2段：AI is almost always better at forecasting than we are

答案解析：A部分前兩段話都在說(shuō)預(yù)測(cè)的事情，第三段屬于承上啟下的句子，不納入考慮。所有選項(xiàng)中與預(yù)測(cè)相關(guān)的只有iii，而且其superiority還跟第2段中的always better對(duì)應(yīng)，由此確定為正確答案。

第28題答案：vi

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：A部分第3段：why people are so reluctant to trust AI in the first place.

B部分第1段：Take the case of Watson for Oncology,one of technology giant IBM’s supercomputer programs.

答案解析：A部分最后提到人們對(duì)人工智能的不信任，B部分所有內(nèi)容都是在用Watson for Oncology的例子來(lái)說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)。具體包括當(dāng)其建議與醫(yī)生一致時(shí)，醫(yī)生覺(jué)得它沒(méi)用。當(dāng)其建議與醫(yī)生不一致時(shí)，醫(yī)生會(huì)堅(jiān)持自己的觀點(diǎn)。vi選項(xiàng)中distrust對(duì)應(yīng)A部分的末尾，也就是B部分想要說(shuō)明的內(nèi)容，an AI innovation對(duì)應(yīng)Watson for Oncology，由此確定答案。

第29題答案：ii

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：C部分第1段：Trust in other people is often based on our understanding of how others think and having experience of their reliability.

答案解析：C部分對(duì)比了人們對(duì)人工智能和其他人的信任，并分析了出現(xiàn)這種差異的原因。即人們對(duì)他人的信任往往基于我們對(duì)他們思維方式的理解，以及有關(guān)它們可靠性的經(jīng)歷。而人工智能則缺乏這一點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)中體現(xiàn)出這一對(duì)比和原因探析的只有ii，由此確定為正確答案。

第30題答案：i

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：D部分第1段：regardless of whether the film they watched depicted AI in a positive or negative light,simply watching a cinematic vision of our technological future polarised the participants’attitudes.Optimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded.

答案解析：D部分詳細(xì)描述了一場(chǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)，指出無(wú)論人們觀看的電影中人工智能的形象如何，人們的態(tài)度都會(huì)極化，“樂(lè)觀主義者對(duì)人工智能的熱情會(huì)更加極端，而懷疑論者則愈發(fā)謹(jǐn)慎”。即人們態(tài)度的分化，由此確定i為正確答案。

第31題答案：vii

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：E部分第2段：Another solution may be to reveal more about the algorithms which AI uses and the purposes they serve.

答案解析：E部分其實(shí)提到兩個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：一是增加人們與人工智能的接觸，二是更多的揭示人工智能所使用的算法和所服務(wù)的目的。前者在選項(xiàng)中找不到對(duì)應(yīng)，后者reveal more正好對(duì)應(yīng)vii選項(xiàng)的openness，由此確定vii為正確答案。

第32題答案：v

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：F部分第1段：allowing people some control over AI decision-making could also improve trust…slightly modify an algorithm

F部分第2段：if people are given a degree of responsibility

答案解析：F部分主要強(qiáng)調(diào)人類參與到人工智能決策中去，并對(duì)其擁有一定的控制能力。無(wú)論是原文中的control，modify還是responsibility都可以對(duì)應(yīng)v選項(xiàng)中的involving users in AI processes，由此確定它為正確答案。

第33題答案：C

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：A部分第2段：Recent cases show that people don’t like relying on AI and prefer to trust human experts,even if these experts are wrong.

答案解析：這篇文章是典型的三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，即提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題。A部分主要描述了雖然人工智能比人類更加擅長(zhǎng)預(yù)測(cè)，但人們對(duì)它卻缺乏信任，即說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的存在，由此確定C為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)屬于最后幾段的內(nèi)容，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在justifying，D選項(xiàng)reasons屬于中間段落的重點(diǎn)。

第34題答案：B

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：C部分第1段：AI’s decision-making process is usually too difficult for most people to comprehend.And interacting with something we don’t understand can cause anxiety and give us a sense that we’re losing control.

答案解析：C部分第1段指出，人工智能的決策過(guò)程對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)太難理解。而與我們不理解的東西互動(dòng)會(huì)讓我們覺(jué)得自己正在失去控制。B選項(xiàng)complexity對(duì)應(yīng)too difficult to comprehend，而at a disadvantage則對(duì)應(yīng)anxiety和losing control，由此確定它為正確答案。A選項(xiàng)中的replace，C選項(xiàng)中的wait，以及D選項(xiàng)中的misunderstanding都屬于無(wú)中生有，因此統(tǒng)統(tǒng)排除。

第35題答案：A

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：C部分第2段：Embarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention,emphasising the message that we cannot rely on technology

答案解析：原文指出，人工智能的失敗會(huì)吸引媒體不成比例的注意。它們強(qiáng)調(diào)我們不能依賴科技。A選項(xiàng)public對(duì)應(yīng)we，mistrustful對(duì)應(yīng)cannot rely on，由此確定它為正確答案。B選項(xiàng)少了失敗的含義，C選項(xiàng)inaccurate和D選項(xiàng)的designer error都屬于無(wú)中生有，因此統(tǒng)統(tǒng)排除。

第36題答案：NO

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：D部分第1段：Optimists became more extreme in their enthusiasm for AI and sceptics became even more guarded.

D部分第2段：people use relevant evidence about AI in a biased manner to support their existing attitudes

答案解析：D部分第1段結(jié)尾指出，樂(lè)觀主義者對(duì)AI的熱情會(huì)變得更加極端，而懷疑論者則會(huì)更加保守。此外第2段開頭有總結(jié)道，人們以充滿偏見(jiàn)的方式使用AI的相關(guān)證據(jù)，以支持他們現(xiàn)有的態(tài)度?？梢?jiàn)看電影并不會(huì)改變他們的看法，由此確定答案為NO。

第37題答案：NOT GIVEN

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：C部分第2段：Embarrassing AI failures receive a disproportionate amount of media attention,emphasising the message that we cannot rely on technology

答案解析：原文只是提到，現(xiàn)在針對(duì)AI的媒體報(bào)道過(guò)度關(guān)注其失敗。至于未來(lái)變化如何則完全沒(méi)有說(shuō)明，因此判斷答案為NOT GIVEN。

第38題答案：YES

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：D部分第2段：refusing to accept the advantages offered by AI could place a large group of people at a serious disadvantage.

答案解析：D部分第2段結(jié)尾處明確說(shuō)明，拒絕AI帶來(lái)的好處會(huì)使一大批人處于不利的地位。題干中rejection對(duì)應(yīng)refusing to accept，negative effect對(duì)應(yīng)disadvantage，many people對(duì)應(yīng)a large group of people，即所有信息點(diǎn)在原文中都可以找到對(duì)應(yīng)，由此判斷答案為YES。

第39題答案：NO

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：C部分第1段：This helps create a psychological feeling of safety.AI,on the other hand,is still fairly new and unfamiliar to most people

答案解析：這道題需要結(jié)合C段前半部分來(lái)看。C段指出，人們信任其他人是因?yàn)槭煜に麄兊乃伎挤绞?。這有助于創(chuàng)造一種安全感。而AI對(duì)于大多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)則十分陌生?？梢?jiàn)是否熟悉確實(shí)能夠影響人們對(duì)待事物的態(tài)度。題干中very little的描述與此不符，由此確定答案為NO。

第40題答案：YES

對(duì)應(yīng)原文：F部分：when people were allowed the freedom to slightly modify an algorithm,they felt more satisfied with its decisions,more likely to believe it was superior and more likely to use it in the future.

答案解析：這道題并沒(méi)有什么難點(diǎn)，只是把原文句子縮短了一些，并且用approval提到use it而已，很容易判斷答案為YES。

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