History of Moving Pictures劍橋雅思6-聽力原文翻譯及答案解析

一、History of Moving Pictures聽力原文：

Many believe that the story first began in America in 1877,when two friends were arguing over whether a horse ever had all four feet or hooves off the ground when it galloped.

To settle the bet,a photographer was asked to photograph a horse galloping and the bet was settled because you could see that all the hooves were off the ground in some of the photos.

What was even more interesting was that if the photos were shown in quick succession the horse looked like it was running-in other words‘moving pictures’.

The person who became interested in taking the moving pictures to its next step was the famous American inventor Thomas Edison.

Actually,he didn't do the work himself but rather asked a young Scotsman in his employ to design a system,which he did.

Now this young fellow was clever because the first thing he did was study other systems-primitive as they were-of moving pictures and then put all the existing technologies together to make the first entire motion pictures system.

He designed a camera,a projection device and the film.

The system was first shown in New York in 1894 and was really very popular.

Apparently people lined up around the block to see the wonderful new invention.

There were,however,a couple of problems with the system.

The camera weighed over 200 kilograms and only one person at a time could see the film.

Well now,news of the new system in America travelled fast and a number of rival European systems started to appear once people had heard about it.

The single problem with all the systems was they couldn't really project the film onto a screen-you know,so more than one person could see it.

Then in 1895,three systems were all developed,more or less at the same time and independently of each other.

I guess the most famous of these was by the Lumiere Brothers from France,and they called their system the cinematographe which of course is where the word cinema comes from.

There were also two brothers in Germany who developed a successful system and they called it a bioskop.

Well now,once the problem of projection had been solved,the next challenge for the inventors was to make the films longer and more interesting.

A continuing problem at the time was that the films had a tendency to break when they were being played-a problem which was caused by the tension between the two wheels,or‘reels’as they are called,which hold the film.

Now this problem was solved by two American brothers.

They developed the‘Lantham Loop’,which was the simple addition of a third reel between the two main reels,and this look all the tension away with the result that the film stopped snapping.

So now there was a real possibility of having films of more than two or three minutes,and this led to the making of The Great Train Robbery-the very first movie made.

It only lasted 11 minutes but was an absolute sensation,and there were cases of people watching the movie and actually fainting when the character fired a gun at the camera!

Almost overnight movies became a craze,and by 1905 people in America were lining up to see movies in‘store theatres’,as they were called then.

I guess the next big step in terms of development of technology was to have people actually talking on the film,and the first step towards this was in 1926 when sound effects were first used on a film.

It wasn't until the following year however that the first‘talkie’,as they were called then,was made.

This film featured actors speaking only during parts of the film and was called The Jazz Singer,and it wasn't until 1928 that the first all-talking film was produced,and this was called The Lights of New York.

Unfortunately,the sound on this early film was not very good and I believe they put subtitles on the film-that is,they printed the dialogue along the bottom of the film to compensate for this poor sound quality.

Now,with the addition of sound,moving pictures became far more difficult to make…

二、History of Moving Pictures聽力中文翻譯：

許多人認(rèn)為，這個故事最早起源于1877年的美國，當(dāng)時兩個朋友在爭論一匹馬在疾馳時是否有四只腳或蹄子全部離開地面。

為了下注，一位攝影師被要求拍攝一匹疾馳的馬，下注成功了，因為你可以在一些照片中看到所有的馬蹄都離開了地面。

更有趣的是，如果這些照片連續(xù)快速地顯示出來，那匹馬看起來就像在奔跑——換言之，就是“動態(tài)照片”。

美國著名發(fā)明家托馬斯·愛迪生（ThomasEdison）對拍攝下一步的動態(tài)照片感興趣。

事實上，他并不是自己做這項工作，而是請他手下的一位年輕蘇格蘭人設(shè)計一個系統(tǒng)，他做到了。

現(xiàn)在這個年輕人很聰明，因為他做的第一件事就是研究其他系統(tǒng)——盡管它們很原始——的電影，然后把所有現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)結(jié)合在一起，制造出第一個完整的電影系統(tǒng)。

他設(shè)計了一臺照相機(jī)、一臺投影設(shè)備和一部膠卷。

該系統(tǒng)于1894年首次在紐約展出，非常受歡迎。

顯然，人們在街區(qū)周圍排隊觀看這項奇妙的新發(fā)明。

然而，該系統(tǒng)存在一些問題。

這架相機(jī)重達(dá)200多公斤，每次只有一個人能看到這部電影。

現(xiàn)在，關(guān)于美國新系統(tǒng)的消息傳得很快，一旦人們聽說了它，許多與之競爭的歐洲系統(tǒng)開始出現(xiàn)。

所有系統(tǒng)的唯一問題是，它們無法將電影真正投影到屏幕上，所以不止一個人可以看到它。

然后在1895年，三種系統(tǒng)都被開發(fā)出來，或多或少是同時開發(fā)的，彼此獨立。

我想其中最著名的是來自法國的盧米埃兄弟，他們把他們的系統(tǒng)稱為電影攝影，這當(dāng)然是電影這個詞的來源。

德國還有兩兄弟開發(fā)了一個成功的系統(tǒng)，他們稱之為bioskop。

現(xiàn)在，一旦投影問題得到解決，發(fā)明家面臨的下一個挑戰(zhàn)就是使電影更長、更有趣。

當(dāng)時一個持續(xù)存在的問題是，電影在播放時有破裂的傾向，這是由固定電影的兩個輪子或所謂的“卷軸”之間的張力引起的。

現(xiàn)在這個問題由兩個美國兄弟解決了。

他們開發(fā)了“蘭瑟姆環(huán)”，這是在兩個主卷軸之間簡單地添加了第三個卷軸，這樣看起來所有的張力都消失了，因此電影停止了拍攝。

因此，現(xiàn)在有了一個真正的可能性，可以拍攝兩到三分鐘以上的電影，這導(dǎo)致了《火車大劫案》的拍攝，這是第一部制作的電影。

這只持續(xù)了11分鐘，但絕對是一種轟動，有人在看電影時，當(dāng)角色向鏡頭開槍時，實際上暈倒了！

幾乎一夜之間，電影成了一種熱潮，到1905年，美國人開始排隊在當(dāng)時被稱為“商店影院”的地方看電影。

我想技術(shù)發(fā)展的下一個重要步驟是讓人們在電影上進(jìn)行真正的對話，而實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)的第一步是在1926年，當(dāng)時音效首次在電影上使用。

然而，直到第二年，第一臺當(dāng)時被稱為“talkie”的手機(jī)才問世。

這部電影的特點是演員只在電影的某些部分說話，被稱為爵士歌手，直到1928年才制作出第一部全說話的電影，這部電影被稱為《紐約之光》。

不幸的是，這部早期電影的音質(zhì)不是很好，我相信他們在電影上加了字幕，也就是說，他們在電影的底部印上了對白，以彌補(bǔ)音質(zhì)的不足。

現(xiàn)在，隨著聲音的增加，電影變得更加難以制作

三、History of Moving Pictures聽力問題：

Question 31-37

Choose the correct letters A,B or C.

31.Some photographs of a horse running showed

A.all feet off the ground

B.at least one foot on the ground

C.two feet off the ground

32.The Scotsman employed by Edison

A.designed a system to use the technology Edison had invented.

B.used available technology to make a new system.

C.was already an expert in motion picture technology.

33.One major problem with the first system was that

A.only one person could be filmed

B.people could only see very short films.

C.the camera was very heavy.

34.Rival systems started to appear in Europe after people had

A.been told about the American system

B.seen the American system.

C.used the American system.

35.In 1895,a famous new system was developed by

A.a French team working alone

B.a French and German team working together.

C.a German team who invented the word'cinema’

36.Longer films were not made at the time because of problems involving

A.the subject matter

B.the camera

C.the film projector

37.The'Lantham Loop’invention relied on

A.removing tension between the film reels.

B.adding three more film reels to the system.

C.making one of the film reels more effective.

Question 38-40

Complete the sentences below.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.38 The first motion picture was called The

39 were used for the first time on film in 1926.

40 Subtitles were added to The Lights of New York because of its.

四、History of Moving Pictures聽力答案：

31.A

32.B

33.C

34.A

35.A

36.C

37.A

38.Great Train Robbery

39.Sound effects

40.poor sound quality

五、History of Moving Pictures聽力答案解析

Question 31 A.題干中路標(biāo)詞為photographs of a horse，選項中all，one，two分別為考點詞。此題路標(biāo)詞和考點詞在原文中都很明確，沒有干擾。

Question 32 B.題干中人名為路標(biāo)詞，但選項較長，且表達(dá)的意思角度不一，考生需要認(rèn)真閱讀選項，劃出每個選項的考點。A選項中需注意定語從句“Edison had invented”，因為干擾項的常見特點是主句意思與原文相同，但修飾部分不同。事實上，原文確實提到“Scotsman...design a system”，但沒有提到是“愛迪生發(fā)明的技術(shù)”，所以A選項排除；B選項則注意修飾詞“available”和“new”，原文說“existing technologies...to make the first...”，分別對應(yīng)這兩個詞，為正確答案；而C選項expert原文沒提到，也不符合常識。

Question 33 C.題干problem為路標(biāo)詞。A選項考點詞是“only one”，注意動詞是被動語態(tài)“be filmed”（被拍攝），B選項為“only see very short”，C選項為“heavy”。原文however是重要的信號詞，之后出現(xiàn)路標(biāo)詞problems，over 200 kilograms與heavy對應(yīng)。注意排除A選項的干擾，盡管only one對應(yīng)，但原文是主動語態(tài)，意思完全不同。

Question 34 A.題干rival systems，Europe為路標(biāo)詞。選項中的三個不同動詞been told，seen，used為考點。原文路標(biāo)詞后只有一個動詞“heard about”，因此A選項為正確答案。

Question 35 A.題干1895，famous為路標(biāo)詞，原文提到“from France”，因此A為答案。

Question 36 C.題干longer，problems為路標(biāo)詞，選項較簡單，考生要快速瀏覽并盡量記住。原文在路標(biāo)詞后重讀的詞有：break，tension，wheels，都是與放映有關(guān)的問題，沒有提到與subject或camera，因此選C。

Question 37 A.題干中專有名詞Lantham Loop為路標(biāo)詞，A選項核心詞removing tension，B選項核心詞為three more，C選項為more effective，原文提到between the two main reels，and this took all the tension away，與A選項同義。而B選項意為“再加三個輪子”，與原文不符。

Question 38 Great Train Robbery.路標(biāo)詞first在答案會出現(xiàn)，在聽到原文停頓后，考生應(yīng)意識到后面是重要信息，答案是專有名詞，要大寫首字母。

Question 39 Sound effects.題干中時間1926為路標(biāo)詞，空格中填寫名詞。

Question 40 poor sound quality.題干subtitle和專有名詞The light of New York為路標(biāo)詞，但是答案距離路標(biāo)詞較遠(yuǎn)，且句型變化大，考生需要根據(jù)上下文做一些推測。

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